inder of the day was passed in good spirits； though there was nothing in our situation to excite much gayety。 The rain confined us to the house； and our only luxuries in honor of the season were some poor elk； so much spoiled that we ate it through sheer necessity； a few roots； and some spoiled pounded fish。
〃The next day brought a continuation of rain； accompanied with thunder； and a high wind from the southeast。 We were therefore obliged to still remain in our huts； and endeavored to dry our wet articles before the fire。 The fleas； which annoyed us near the portage of the Great Falls； have taken such possession of our clothes that we are obliged to have a regular search every day through our blankets as a necessary preliminary to sleeping at night。 These animals； indeed； are so numerous that they are almost a calamity to the Indians of this country。 When they have once obtained the mastery of any house it is impossible to expel them； and the Indians have frequently different houses； to which they resort occasionally when the fleas have rendered their permanent residence intolerable； yet； in spite of these precautions； every Indian is constantly attended by multitudes of them； and no one comes into our house without leaving behind him swarms of these tormenting insects。〃
Although the condition of the exploring party was low； the men did not require very much to put them in good spirits。 The important and happy event of finishing their fort and the noting of good weather are thus set forth in the journal under date of December 30：
〃Toward evening the hunters brought in four elk ＇which Drewyer had killed＇； and after a long course of abstinence and miserable diet； we had a most sumptuous supper of elk's tongues and marrow。 Besides this agreeable repast； the state of the weather was quite exhilarating。 It had rained during the night； but in the morning； though the high wind continued； we enjoyed the fairest and most pleasant weather since our arrival； the sun having shone at intervals； and there being only three showers in the course of the day。 By sunset we had completed the fortification； and now announced to the Indians that every day at that hour the gates would be closed； and they must leave the fort and not enter it till sunrise。 The Wahkiacums who remained with us； and who were very forward in their deportment； complied very reluctantly with this order； but； being excluded from our houses； formed a camp near us。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。
〃January 1； 1806。 We were awaked at an early hour by the discharge of a volley of small arms； to salute the new year。 This was the only mode of commemorating the day which our situation permitted； for； though we had reason to be gayer than we were at Christmas； our only dainties were boiled elk and wappatoo； enlivened by draughts of pure water。 We were visited by a few Clatsops； who came by water； bringing roots and berries for sale。 Among this nation we observed a man about twenty…five years old； of a much lighter complexion than the Indians generally： his face was even freckled； and his hair long； and of a colour inclining to red。 He was in habits and manners perfectly Indian； but； though he did not speak a word of English； he seemed to understand more than the others of his party； and； as we could obtain no account of his origin； we concluded that one of his parents； at least； must have been white。〃
A novel addition to their bill of fare was fresh blubber； or fat； from a stranded whale。 Under date of January 3 the journal says：
〃At eleven o'clock we were visited by our neighbor； the Tia or chief； Comowool； who is also called Coone； and six Clatsops。 Besides roots and berries； they brought for sale three dogs； and some fresh blubber。 Having been so long accustomed to live on the flesh of dogs； the greater part of us have acquired a fondness for it； and our original aversion for it is overcome； by reflecting that while we subsisted on that food we were fatter； stronger； and in general enjoyed better health than at any period since leaving the buffalo country； eastward of the mountains。 The blubber； which is esteemed by the Indians an excellent food； has been obtained； they tell us； from their neighbors； the Killamucks； a nation who live on the seacoast to the southeast； near one of whose villages a whale had recently been thrown and foundered。〃
Five men had been sent out to form a camp on the seashore and go into the manufacture of salt as expeditiously as possible。 On the fifth of January； two of them came into the fort bringing a gallon of salt； which was decided to be 〃white； fine and very good；〃 and a very agreeable addition to their food； which had been eaten perfectly fresh for some weeks past。 Captain Clark； however； said it was a 〃mere matter of indifference〃 to him whether he had salt or not； but he hankered for bread。 Captain Lewis； on the other hand； said the lack of salt was a great inconvenience； 〃the want of bread I consider trivial；〃 was his dictum。 It was estimated that the salt…makers could turn out three or four quarts a day； and there was good prospect of an abundant supply for present needs and for the homeward journey。 An expedition to the seashore was now planned； and the journal goes on to tell how they set out：
〃The appearance of the whale seemed to be a matter of importance to all the neighboring Indians； and as we might be able to procure some of it for ourselves； or at least purchase blubber from the Indians； a small parcel of merchandise was prepared； and a party of the men held in readiness to set out in the morning。 As soon as this resolution was known； Chaboneau and his wife requested that they might be permitted to accompany us。 The poor woman stated very earnestly that she had travelled a great way with us to see the great water； yet she had never been down to the coast； and now that this monstrous fish was also to be seen； it seemed hard that she should be permitted to see neither the ocean nor the whale。 So reasonable a request could not be denied； they were therefore suffered to accompany Captain Clark； who； January 6th； after an early breakfast； set out with twelve men in two canoes。〃
After a long and tedious trip； the camp of the saltmakers was reached； and Captain Clark and his men went on to the remains of the whale； only the skeleton being left by the rapacious and hungry Indians。 The whale had been stranded between two shore villages tenanted by the Killamucks； as Captain Clark called them。 They are now known as the Tillamook Indians； and their name is preserved in Tillamook County； Oregon。 The white men found it difficult to secure much of the blubber； or the oil。 Although the Indians had large quantities of both； they sold it with much reluctance。 In Clark's private diary is found this entry： 〃Small as this stock ＇of oil and lubber＇ is I prize it highly； and thank Providence for directing the whale to us； and think him more kind to us than he was to Jonah； having sent this monster to be swallowed by us instead of swallowing us as Jonah's did。〃 While here； the party had a startling experience； as the journal says：
〃Whilst smoking with the Indians； Captain Clark was surprised； about ten o'clock； by a loud； shrill outcry from the opposite village； on hearing which all the Indians immediately started up to cross the creek； and the guide informed him that someone had been killed。 On examination one of the men ＇M'Neal＇ was discovered to be absent； and a guard ＇Sergeant Pryor and four men＇ despatched； who met him crossing the creek in great haste。 An Indian belonging to another band； who happened to be with the Killamucks that evening； had treated him with much kindness； and walked arm in arm with him to a tent where our man found a Chinnook squaw； who was an old acquaintance。 From the conversation and manner of the stranger； this woman discovered that his object was to murder the white man for the sake of the few articles on his person； when he rose and pressed our man to go to another tent where they would find something better to eat； she held M'Neal by the blanket； not knowing her object； he freed himself from her； and was going on with his pretended friend； when she ran out and gave the shriek which brought the men of the village over； and the stranger ran off before M'Neal knew what had occasioned the alarm。〃
The 〃mighty hunter〃 of the Lewis and Clark expedition was Drewyer； whose name has frequently been mentioned in these pages。 Under date of January 12； the journal has this just tribute to the man：
〃Our meat is now becoming scarce； we therefore determined to jerk it； and issue it in small quantities； instead of dividing it among the four messes； and leaving to each the care of its own provisions； a plan by which much is lost； in consequence of the improvidence of the men。 Two hunters had been despatched in the morning； and one of them； Drewyer； had before evening killed seven elk。 We should scarcely be able to subsist； were it not for the exertions of this most excellent hunter。 The game is scarce； and nothing is now to be seen except elk； which for almost all the men are very difficult to be procured； but Drewyer； who is the offspring of a Canadian Frenchman and an Indian woman； has passed his life in the woods； and unites； in a wonderful degree； the dexterous aim of the frontier huntsman with the intuitive sagacity of the Indian； in pursuing the faintest tracks through the forest。 All our men； however； have indeed become so expert with the rifle that we are never under apprehensions as to food； since； whenever there is game of any kind； we are almost certain of procuring it。〃
The narrative of the explorers gives this account of the Chinooks：
〃The men are low in stature； rather ugly； and ill made； their legs being small and crooked； their feet large； and their heads； like those of the women； flattened in a most disgusting manner。 These deformities are in part concealed by robes made of sea…otter； deer； elk； beaver or fox skins。 They also employ in their dress robes of the skin of a cat peculiar to this country； and of another animal of the same size； which is light and durable； and sold at a high price by the Indians who bring it from above。 In addition to these are worn blankets； wrappers of red； blue； or s