cted it。 Those who left the city with what they could carry away； abandoning their houses and half their property； did so in consequence of that latent patriotism； which finds expression； not in phrases； not in giving one’s children to death for the sake of the fatherland； and such unnatural exploits； but expresses itself imperceptibly in the most simple； organic way； and so always produces the most powerful results。
“It’s a disgrace to fly from danger； only the cowards are flying from Moscow；” they were told。 Rastoptchin； in his placards； urged upon them that it was base to leave Moscow。 They were ashamed at hearing themselves called cowards； they were ashamed of going away； but still they went away； knowing that it must be so。 Why did they go away？ It cannot be supposed that Rastoptchin had scared them with tales of the atrocities perpetrated by Napoleon in the countries he conquered。 The first to leave were the wealthy； educated people； who knew very well that Vienna and Berlin remained uninjured； and that the inhabitants of those cities； when Napoleon was in occupation of them； had spent their time gaily with the fascinating Frenchmen； of whom all Russians； and especially the ladies； had at that period been so fond。
They went away because to Russians the question whether they would be comfortable or not under the government of the French in Moscow could never occur。 To be under the government of the French was out of the question； it was worse than anything。 They were going away even before Borodino； and still more rapidly after Borodino； regardless of the calls to defend the city； regardless of the proclamations of the governor of Moscow； of his intention of going with the Iversky Virgin into battle； and of the air…balloons which were to demolish the French； and all the nonsense with which Rastoptchin filled his placards。 They knew that it was for the army to fight； and if the army could not； it would be of no use to rush out with young ladies and house…serfs to fight Napoleon on the Three Hills； and so they must make haste and get away； sorry as they were to leave their possessions to destruction。 They drove away without a thought of the vast consequences of this immense wealthy city being abandoned by its inhabitants； and being inevitably thereby consigned to the flames。 To abstain from destroying and burning empty houses would never occur to the Russian peasantry。 They drove away； each on his own account； and yet it was only in consequence of their action that the grand event came to pass that is the highest glory of the Russian people。 The lady who in June set off with her Negroes and her buffoons from Moscow for her Saratov estates； with a vague feeling that she was not going to be a servant of Bonaparte’s； and a vague dread that she might be hindered from going by Rastoptchin’s orders； was simply and genuinely doing the great deed that saved Russia。
Count Rastoptchin at one time cried shame on those who were going； then removed all the public offices； then served out useless weapons to the drunken rabble； then brought out the holy images； and prevented Father Augustin from removing the holy relics and images； then got hold of all the private conveyances that were in Moscow； then in one hundred and thirty…six carts carried out the air…balloon made by Leppich； at one time hinted that he should set fire to Moscow； at one time described how he had burnt his own house； and wrote a proclamation to the French in which he solemnly reproached them for destroying the home of his childhood。 He claimed the credit of having set fire to Moscow； then disavowed it； he commanded the people to capture all spies； and bring them to him； then blamed the people for doing so； he sent all the French residents out of Moscow； and then let Madame Aubert…Chalmey； who formed the centre of French society in Moscow； remain。 For no particular reason he ordered the respected old postmaster； Klucharov； to be seized and banished。 He got the people together on the Three Hills to fight the French； and then； to get rid of them； handed a man over to them to murder； and escaped himself by the back door。 He vowed he would never survive the disaster of Moscow； and later on wrote French verses in albums on his share in the affair。
This man had no inkling of the import of what was happening。 All he wanted was to do something himself； to astonish people； to perform some heroic feat of patriotism； and； like a child； he frolicked about the grand and inevitable event of the abandonment and burning of Moscow； trying with his puny hand first to urge on； and then to hold back； the tide of the vast popular current that was bearing him along with it。
Chapter 6
ELLEN had accompanied the court on its return from Vilna to Petersburg； and there found herself in a difficult position。
In Petersburg Ellen had enjoyed the special patronage of a great personage； who occupied one of the highest positions in the government。 In Vilna she had formed a liaison with a young foreign prince。
When she returned to Petersburg the prince and the great dignitary were both in that town； both claimed their rights； and Ellen was confronted with a problem that had not previously arisen in her career—the preservation of the closest relations with both； without giving offence to either。
What might have seemed to any other woman a difficult or impossible task never cost a moment’s thought to Countess Bezuhov； who plainly deserved the reputation she enjoyed of being a most intelligent woman。 Had she attempted concealment； had she allowed herself to get out of her awkward position by subterfuges； she would have spoilt her own case by acknowledging herself the guilty party。 But like a truly great man； who can always do everything he chooses； Ellen at once assumed the rectitude of her own position； of which she was indeed genuinely convinced； and the guilty responsibility of every one else concerned。
The first time the young foreign prince ventured to reproach her； she lifted her beautiful head； and； with a haughty tone towards him； said firmly：
“This is the egoism and the cruelty of men。 I expected nothing else。 Woman sacrifices herself for you； she suffers； and this is her reward。 What right have you； your highness； to call me to account for my friendships； my affections？ He is a man who has been more than a father to me！”
The prince would have said something。 Ellen interrupted him。
“Well； yes； perhaps he has sentiments for me other than those of a father； but that is not a reason I should shut my door on him。 I am not a person to be ungrateful。 Know； your highness； that in all that relates to my private sentiments I will account only to God and to my conscience！” she concluded； laying her hand on her beautiful； heaving bosom； and looking up to heaven。
“But listen to me； in God’s name！”…
“Marry me； and I will be your slave！”
“But it is impossible。”
“You do not deign to stoop to me； you…” Ellen burst into tears。
The prince attempted to console her。 Ellen； as though utterly distraught； declared through her tears that there was nothing to prevent her marrying； that there were precedents （they were but few at that time； but Ellen quoted the case of Napoleon and some other persons of exalted rank）； that she had never been a real wife to her husband； that she had been dragged an unwilling victim into the marriage。
“But the law； religion …” murmured the prince； on the point of yielding。
“Religion； laws … what can they have been invented for； if they are unable to manage that？” said Ellen。
The prince was astonished that so simple a reflection had never occurred to him； and applied to the council of the brotherhood of the Society of Jesus； with which he was in close relations。
A few days later； at one of the fascinating fêtes Ellen used to give at her summer villa at Kamenny Ostrov； a certain fascinating M。 Jobert was presented to her； a man no longer young； with snow…white hair and brilliant black eyes； un Fésuite à robe courte； who walked for a long while with Ellen among the illuminations in the garden to the strains of music； conversing with her of the love of God； of Christ； of the heart of the Holy Mother； and of the consolations afforded in this life and the next by the one true Catholic faith。 Ellen was touched； and several times tears stood both in her eyes and in M。 Jobert’s； and their voices trembled。 A dance； to which her partner fetched Ellen away； cut short her conversation with the future “director of her conscience；” but the next evening M。 Jobert came alone to see Ellen； and from that day he was a frequent visitor。
One day he took the countess into a Catholic church； where she fell on her knees before the altar； up to which she was conducted。 The fascinating； middle…aged Frenchman laid his hands on her head； and as she herself afterwards described it； she felt something like a breath of fresh air； which seemed wafted into her soul。 It was explained to her that this was the “grace of God。”
Then an abbé à robe longue was brought to her； he confessed her； and absolved her from her sins。 Next day a box was brought containing the Sacred Host； and left for her to partake of at her house。 Several days later Ellen learned to her satisfaction that she had now been admitted into the true Catholic Church； and that in a few days the Pope himself would hear of her case； and send her a document of some sort。
All that was done with her and around her at this period； the attention paid her by so many clever men； and expressed in such agreeable and subtle forms； and her dovelike purity during her conversion （she wore nothing but white dresses and white ribbons all the time）—all afforded her gratification。 But this gratification never led her for one instant to lose sight of her object。 And； as always happens in contests of cunning； the stupid person gains more than the cleverer； Ellen； fully grasping that the motive of all these words and all this man？uvring was by her conversion to Catholicism to get a round sum from her for the benefit of the Jesuit order （this was hinted at； indeed）； held back the money； while insisting steadily on the various operations that would set her free from her conjugal bonds。 To her notions； the real object of every religion