the origins of contemporary france-1- 第31部分

hunting；　which　means　that　to　him　these　days　are　of　no　account：



July　11；　1789；　nothing；　M。　Necker　leaves。



July　12th　vespers　and　benediction；　Messieurs　de　Montmorin；　de

Saint…Priest　and　de　la　Luzerne　leave。



July　13th　；　nothing。



July　14th　；　nothing。



July　29th；　nothing；　M。　Necker　returns。。。。。



August　4th；　stag…hunt　in　the　forest　at　Marly；　took　one；　go　and　come

on　horseback。



August　13th；　audience　of　the　States　in　the　gallery；　Te　Deum　during

the　mass　below；　one　stag　taken　in　the　hunt　at　Marly。　　。　　。



August　25th；　complimentary　audience　of　the　States；　high　mass　with

the　cordons　bleus；　M。　Bailly　sworn　in；　vespers　and　benediction；　state

dinner。。。。



October　5th；　shooting　near　Chatillon；　killed　81　head；　interrupted

by　events；　go　and　come　on　horseback。



October　6th；　leave　for　Paris　at　half…past　twelve；　visit　the　H？tel…

de…Ville；　sup　and　rest　at　the　Tuileries。



October　7th　nothing；　my　aunts　come　and　dine。



October　8th；　nothing　。　　。　　。



October　12th；　nothing；　the　stag　hunted　at　Port　Royal。



Shut　up　in　Paris；　held　by　the　crowds；　his　heart　is　always　with　the

hounds。　　Twenty　times　in　1790　we　read　in　his　journal　of　a　stag…hunt

occurring　in　this　or　that　place；　he　regrets　not　being　on　hand。　　No

privation　is　more　intolerable　to　him；　we　encounter　traces　of　his

chagrin　even　in　the　formal　protest　he　draws　up　before　leaving　for

Varennes；　transported　to　Paris；　shut　up　in　the　Tuileries；　〃where；　far

from　finding　conveniences　to　which　he　is　accustomed；　he　has　not　even

enjoyed　the　advantages　common　to　persons　in　easy　circumstances；〃　his

crown　to　him　having　apparently　lost　its　brightest　jewel。





VI。　　UPPER　CLASS　DISTRACTIONS。



Other　similar　lives。　　…　Princes　and　princesses。　　…　Seigniors　of　the

court。　　…　Financiers　and　parvenus。　　…　Ambassadors；　ministers；　governors；

general　officers。



As　is　the　general　so　is　his　staff；　the　grandees　imitate　their

monarch。　　Like　some　costly　colossal　effigy　in　marble；　erected　in　the

center　of　France；　and　of　which　reduced　copies　are　scattered　by

thousands　throughout　the　provinces；　thus　does　royal　life　repeat

itself；　in　minor　proportions；　even　among　the　remotest　gentry。　　The

object　is　to　make　a　parade　and　to　receive；　to　make　a　figure　and　to

pass　away　time　in　good　society。　　…　　I　find；　first；　around　the　court；

about　a　dozen　princely　courts。　　Each　prince　or　princess　of　the　blood

royal；　like　the　king；　has　his　house　fitted　up；　paid　for；　in　whole　or

in　part；　out　of　the　treasury；　its　service　divided　into　special

departments；　with　gentlemen；　pages；　and　ladies　in　waiting；　in　brief；

fifty；　one　hundred；　two　hundred；　and　even　five　hundred　appointments。

There　is　a　household　of　this　kind　for　the　queen；　one　for　Madame

Victoire；　one　for　Madame　Elisabeth；　one　for　Monsieur；　one　for　Madame；

one　for　the　Comte　d'Artois；　and　one　for　the　Comtesse　d'Artois。　　There

will　be　one　for　Madame　Royale；　one　for　the　little　Dauphin；　one　for　the

Duc　de　Normandie；　all　three　children　of　the　king；　one　for　the　Duc

d'Angoulême；　one　for　the　Duc　de　Berry；　both　sons　of　the　Comte

d'Artois：　children　six　or　seven　years　of　age　receive　and　make　a　parade

of　themselves。　　On　referring　to　a　particular　date；　in　1771；＇55＇　I　find

still　another　for　the　Duc　d'Orléans；　one　for　the　Duc　de　Bourbon；　one

for　the　Duchesse；　one　for　the　Prince　de　Condé；　one　for　the　Comte　de

Clermont；　one　for　the　Princess　dowager　de　Conti；　one　for　the　Prince　de

Conti；　one　for　the　Comte　de　la　Marche；　one　for　the　Duc　de　Penthièvre。

…　　Each　personage；　besides　his　or　her　apartment　under　the　king's　roof

has　his　or　her　chateau　and　palace　with　his　or　her　own　circle；　the

queen　at　Trianon　and　at　Saint…Cloud；　Mesdames　at　Bellevue；　Monsieur　at

the　Luxembourg　and　at　Brunoy；　the　Comte　d'Artois　at　Meudon　and　at

Bagatelle；　the　Duc　d'Orléans　at　the　Palais　Royal；　at　Monceaux；　at　Rancy

and　at　Villers…Cotterets；　the　Prince　de　Conti　at　the　Temple　and　at

Ile…Adam；　the　Condés　at　the　Palais…Bourbon　and　at　Chantilly；　the　Duc

de　Penthièvre　at　Sceaux；　Anet　and　Chateauvilain。　　I　omit　one…half　of

these　residences。　　At　the　Palais…Royal　those　who　are　presented　may　come

to　the　supper　on　opera　days。　　At　Chateauvilain　all　those　who　come　to

pay　court　are　invited　to　dinner；　the　nobles　at　the　duke's　table　and

the　rest　at　the　table　of　his　first　gentleman。　　At　the　Temple　one

hundred　and　fifty　guests　attend　the　Monday　suppers。　　Forty　or　fifty

persons；　said　the　Duchesse　de　Maine；　constitute　〃a　prince's　private

company。〃＇56＇　The　princes'　train　is　so　inseparable　from　their　persons

that　it　follows　them　even　into　camp。　　〃The　Prince　de　Condé；〃　says　M。　de

Luynes；　〃sets　out　for　the　army　to…morrow　with　a　large　suite：　he　has

two　hundred　and　twenty…five　horses；　and　the　Comte　de　la　Marche　one

hundred。　　M。　le　duc　d'Orléans　leaves　on　Monday；　he　has　three　hundred

and　fifty　horses　for　himself　and　suite。〃＇57＇　Below　the　rank　of　the

king's　relatives　all　the　grandees　who　figure　at　the　court　figure　as

well　in　their　own　residences；　at　their　hotels　at　Paris　or　at

Versailles；　also　in　their　chateaux　a　few　leagues　away　from　Paris。　　On

all　sides；　in　the　memoirs；　we　obtain　a　foreshortened　view　of　some　one

of　these　seignorial　existences。　　Such　is　that　of　the　Duc　de　Gèvres；

first　gentleman　of　the　bedchamber；　governor　of　Paris；　and　of　the　Ile…

de…France；　possessing　besides　this　the　special　governorships　of　Laon；

Soissons；　Noyon；　Crespy　and　Valois；　the　captainry　of　Mousseaux；　also　a

pension　of　20；000　livres；　a　veritable　man　of　the　court；　a　sort　of

sample　in　high　relief　of　the　people　of　his　class；　and　who；　through　his

appointments；　his　airs；　his　luxury；　his　debts；　the　consideration　he

enjoys；　his　tastes；　his　occupations　and　his　turn　of　mind　presents　to

us　an　abridgment　of　the　fashionable　world。＇58＇　His　memory　for

relationships　and　genealogies　is　surprising；　he　is　an　adept　in　the

precious　science　of　etiquette；　and　on　these　two　grounds　he　is　an

oracle　and　much　consulted。　　〃He　greatly　increased　the　beauty　of　his

house　and　gardens　at　Saint…Ouen。　　At　the　moment　of　his　death；〃　says　the

Duc　de　Luynes；　〃he　had　just　added　twenty…five　arpents　to　it　which　he

had　begun　to　enclose　with　a　covered　terrace。　　。　　。　　。　　He　had　quite　a

large　household　of　gentlemen；　pages；　and　domestic　of　various　kinds；

and　his　expenditure　was　enormous。　　。　　。　　。　　He　gave　a　grand　dinner　every

day。　　。　　。　　。　　He　gave　special　audiences　almost　daily。　　There　was　no　one　at

the　court；　nor　in　the　city；　who　did　not　pay　his　respects　to　him。　　The

ministers；　the　royal　princes　themselves　did　so。　　He　received　company

whilst　still　in　bed。　　He　wrote　and　dictated　amidst　a　large　assemblage。

。　　。　　。　　His　house　at　Paris　and　his　apartment　at　Versailles　were　never

empty　from　the　time　be　arose　till　the　time　he　retired。〃　2　or　300

households　at　Paris；　at　Versailles　and　in　their　environs；　offer　a

similar　spectacle。　　Never　is　there　solitude。　　It　is　the　custom　in

France；　says　Horace　Walpole；　to　burn　your　candle　down　to　its　snuff　in

public。　　The　mansion　of　the　Duchesse　de　Gramont　is　besieged　at　day…

break　by　the　noblest　seigniors　and　the　noblest　ladies。　　Five　times　a

week；　under　the　Duc　de　Choiseul's　roof；　the　butler　enters　the　drawing

room　at　ten　o'clock　in　the　evening　to　bestow　a　glance　on　the　immense

crowded　gallery　and　decide　if　he　shall　lay　the　cloth　for　fifty；　sixty

or　eighty　persons；＇59＇　with　this　example　before　them　all　the　rich

establishments　soon　glory　in　providing　an　open　table　for　all　comers。

Naturally　the　parvenus；　the　financiers　who　have　purchased　or　taken　the

name　of　an　estate；　all　those　traffickers　and　sons　of　traffickers　who；

since　Law；　associate　with　the　nobility；　imitate　their　ways。　　And　I　do

not　allude　to　the　Bourets；　the　Beaujons；　the　St。　　Jameses　and　other

financial　wretches　whose　paraphernalia　effaces　that　of　the　princes；

but　take　a　plain　associé　des　fermes；　M。　d'Epinay；　whose　modest　and

refined　wife　refuses　such　excessive　display。＇60＇　He　had　just　completed

his　domestic　arrangements；　and　was　anxious　that　his　wife　should　take　a

second　maid；　but　she　resisted；　nevertheless；　in　this　curtailed

household；



〃the　officers；　women　and　valets；　amounted　to　sixteen。　　。　　。　　。　　When　M。

d'Epinay　gets　up　his　valet　enters　on　his　duties。　　Two　lackeys　stand　by

awaiting　his　orders。　　The　first　secretary　enters　for　the　purpose　of

giving　an　account　of　the　letters　received　by　him　and　which　he　has　to

open；　but　he　is　interrupted　two　hundred　times　in　this　business　by　all

sorts　of　people　imaginable。　　Now　it　is　a　horse…jockey　with　the　finest

horses　to　sell。　　。　　。　　。　　Again　some　saucy　girl　who　calls　to　bawl　out　a

piece　of　music；　and　on　whose　behalf　some　influence　has　been　exerted　to

get　her　into　the　opera；　after　giving　her　a　few　lessons　in　good　taste

and　teaching　her　what　is　proper　in　French　music。　　This　young　lady　has

been　made　to　wait　to　ascertain　if　I　am　still　at　home。　　。　　。　　。　　I　get　up

and　go　out。　　Two　lackeys　open　the　folding　doors　to　let　me　make　it

through　this　eye　of　a　needle；　while　two　servants　bawl　out　in　the　ante…

chamber；　'Madame；　gentlemen；　Madame！'　All　form　a　line；　the　gentlemen

consisting　of　dealers　in　fabrics；　in　instruments；　jewellers；　hawkers；

lackeys；　shoeblacks；　creditors；　in　short　everything　imaginable　that　is

most　ridiculous　and　annoying。　　The　clock　strikes　twelve　or　one　before

this　toilet　matter　is　over；　and　the　secretary；　who；　doubtless；　knows

by　experience　the　impossibility　of　rendering　a　detailed　statement　of

his　business；　hands　to　his　master　a　small　memorandum　informing　him

what　he　must　say　in　the　assembly　of　fermiers。〃



Indolence；　disorder；　debts；　ceremony；　the　tone　and　ways　of　the

patron；　all　seems　a　parody　of　the　real　thing。　　We　are　beholding　the

last　stages　of　aristocracy。　　And　yet　the　court　of　M。　d'Epinay　is　a

miniature　resemblance　of　that　of　the　king。



So　much　more　essential　is　it　that　the　ambassadors；　ministers　and

general　officers　who　represent　the　king　should　display　themselves　in　a

grandiose　manner。　　No　circu