¡¶the spirit of laws¡·

ÏÂÔØ±¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

the spirit of laws- µÚ126²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡

68¡£¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ripuarians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡6£»¡¡7£»¡¡8£»¡¡and¡¡others¡£

69¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡tit¡£¡¡11£»¡¡12£»¡¡17¡£

70¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡when¡¡an¡¡accusation¡¡was¡¡brought¡¡against¡¡an¡¡Antrustio£»¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡the¡¡king's¡¡vassal£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡possessed¡¡of¡¡a¡¡greater¡¡degree¡¡of¡¡liberty¡£¡¡See¡¡Pactus¡¡legis¡¡Salic£¿£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡76¡£

71¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

72¡£¡¡According¡¡to¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡now¡¡followed¡¡in¡¡England¡£

73¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡32£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡57£»¡¡¡ì¡¡2£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡59£»¡¡¡ì¡¡4¡£

74¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡following¡¡note¡£

75¡£¡¡This¡¡spirit¡¡appears¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡Ripuarians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡59£»¡¡¡ì¡¡4£»¡¡and¡¡tit¡£¡¡67£»¡¡¡ì¡¡5£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡the¡¡Debonnaire£»¡¡added¡¡to¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ripuarians¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡803£»¡¡art¡£¡¡22¡£

76¡£¡¡See¡¡that¡¡law¡£

77¡£¡¡The¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Frisians£»¡¡Lombards£»¡¡Bavarians£»¡¡Saxons£»¡¡Thuringians£»¡¡and¡¡Burgundians¡£

78¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Burgundians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡8£»¡¡¡ì¡ì¡¡1¡¡and¡¡2£»¡¡on¡¡criminal¡¡affairs£»¡¡and¡¡tit¡£¡¡45£»¡¡which¡¡extends¡¡also¡¡to¡¡civil¡¡affairs¡£¡¡See¡¡also¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Thuringians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡1£»¡¡¡ì¡¡31£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡7£»¡¡¡ì¡¡6£»¡¡and¡¡tit¡£¡¡8£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Alemans£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡89£»¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Bavarians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡8£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡ii£»¡¡¡ì¡¡6£»¡¡and¡¡cap¡£¡¡iii£»¡¡¡ì¡¡1£»¡¡and¡¡tit¡£¡¡9£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡iv£»¡¡¡ì¡¡4£»¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Frisians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡2£»¡¡¡ì¡¡3£»¡¡and¡¡tit¡£¡¡14£»¡¡¡ì¡¡4£»¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡32£»¡¡¡ì¡¡3£»¡¡and¡¡tit¡£¡¡35£»¡¡¡ì¡¡1£»¡¡and¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡35£»¡¡¡ì¡¡2¡£

79¡£¡¡See¡¡cap¡£¡¡xviii£»¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡end¡£

80¡£¡¡As¡¡also¡¡some¡¡other¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Barbarians¡£

81¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡56¡£

82¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

83¡£¡¡This¡¡appears¡¡by¡¡what¡¡Tacitus¡¡says£»¡¡Omnibus¡¡idem¡¡habitus¡£¡¡¡¡De¡¡Moribus¡¡Germanorum£»¡¡4¡£

84¡£¡¡Velleius¡¡Paterculus£»¡¡ii¡£¡¡118£»¡¡says¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Germans¡¡decided¡¡all¡¡their¡¡disputes¡¡by¡¡the¡¡sword¡£

85¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡codes¡¡of¡¡Barbarian¡¡laws£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡respect¡¡to¡¡less¡¡ancient¡¡times£»¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡Ancient¡¡Custom¡¡of¡¡Beauvoisis¡£

86¡£¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Burgundians£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xlv¡£

87¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡works¡¡of¡¡Agobard¡£

88¡£¡¡See¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡Ancient¡¡Customs¡¡of¡¡Beauvoisis£»¡¡61¡£¡¡See¡¡also¡¡the¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Angli£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xiv£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡trial¡¡by¡¡boiling¡¡water¡¡is¡¡only¡¡a¡¡subsidiary¡¡proof¡£

89¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡14¡£

90¡£¡¡Cap¡£¡¡xxxi£»¡¡¡ì¡¡5¡£

91¡£¡¡See¡¡this¡¡law£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡59£»¡¡¡ì¡¡4£»¡¡and¡¡tit¡£¡¡67£»¡¡¡ì¡¡5¡£

92¡£¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡55£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xxxiv¡£

93¡£¡¡The¡¡year¡¡962¡£

94¡£¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡55£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xxxiv¡£

95¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡held¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡967£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡Pope¡¡John¡¡XIII¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Emperor¡¡Otho¡¡I¡£

96¡£¡¡Otho¡¡II's¡¡uncle£»¡¡son¡¡to¡¡Rodolphus£»¡¡and¡¡King¡¡of¡¡Transjurian¡¡Burgundy¡£

97¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡988¡£

98¡£¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡55£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xxxiv¡£

99¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡¡ì¡¡33¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡copy¡¡that¡¡Muratori¡¡made¡¡use¡¡of¡¡it¡¡is¡¡attributed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Emperor¡¡Guido¡£

100¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡¡ì¡¡23¡£

101¡£¡¡Cassiodorus£»¡¡iii¡£¡¡23£»¡¡24¡£

102¡£¡¡The¡¡anonymous¡¡author¡¡of¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡the¡¡Debonnaire¡£

103¡£¡¡See¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡4£»¡¡and¡¡tit¡£¡¡9£»¡¡¡ì¡¡23£»¡¡and¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡35¡¡¡ì¡ì¡¡4¡¡and¡¡5£»¡¡and¡¡tit¡£¡¡55¡¡¡ì¡ì¡¡1£»2£»3¡£¡¡The¡¡regulations¡¡of¡¡Rotharis£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡¡ì¡¡15£»¡¡that¡¡of¡¡Luitprandus¡£

104¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡55£»¡¡¡ì¡¡23¡£

105¡£¡¡The¡¡judicial¡¡oaths¡¡were¡¡made¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time¡¡in¡¡the¡¡churches£»¡¡and¡¡during¡¡the¡¡first¡¡race¡¡of¡¡our¡¡kings¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡chapel¡¡set¡¡apart¡¡in¡¡the¡¡royal¡¡palace¡¡for¡¡the¡¡affairs¡¡that¡¡were¡¡to¡¡be¡¡thus¡¡decided¡£¡¡See¡¡Marculfus£»¡¡Formul£¿¡¡i¡£¡¡38¡£¡¡The¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ripuarians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡59£»¡¡¡ì¡¡4£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡65£»¡¡¡ì¡¡5¡£¡¡The¡¡History¡¡of¡¡Gregory¡¡of¡¡Tours£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡803£»¡¡added¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Salic¡¡Law¡£

106¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡39£»¡¡P¡£¡¡212¡£

107¡£¡¡We¡¡find¡¡his¡¡Constitutions¡¡inserted¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Salic¡¡Laws¡£

108¡£¡¡In¡¡a¡¡constitution¡¡inserted¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡55£»¡¡¡ì¡¡31¡£

109¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1200¡£

110¡£¡¡Ancient¡¡Custom¡¡of¡¡Beauvoisis£»¡¡39¡£

111¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡61£»¡¡pp¡£¡¡309£»¡¡310¡£

112¡£¡¡Charter¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡the¡¡Fat¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1145£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Collection¡¡of¡¡Ordinances¡£

113¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

114¡£¡¡Charter¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡the¡¡Young£»¡¡in¡¡1168£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Collection¡¡of¡¡Ordinances¡£

115¡£¡¡See¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡63£»¡¡p¡£¡¡325¡£

116¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Ancient¡¡Custom¡¡of¡¡Beauvoisis£»¡¡28£»¡¡p¡£¡¡203¡£

117¡£¡¡Additio¡¡sapientium¡¡Wilemari£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡5¡£

118¡£¡¡Book¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡6£»¡¡¡ì¡¡3¡£

119¡£¡¡Book¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡5£»¡¡¡ì¡¡23¡£

120¡£¡¡Added¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Salic¡¡law¡¡in¡¡819¡£

121¡£¡¡See¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡64£»¡¡p¡£¡¡328¡£

122¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡329¡£

123¡£¡¡See¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡3£»¡¡p¡£¡¡25¡¡and¡¡329¡£

124¡£¡¡See¡¡in¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡arms¡¡of¡¡the¡¡combatants£»¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡308£»¡¡and¡¡64£»¡¡p¡£¡¡328¡£

125¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡74£»¡¡p¡£¡¡328¡£¡¡See¡¡also¡¡the¡¡Charters¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Aubin¡¡of¡¡Anjou£»¡¡quoted¡¡by¡¡Galland£»¡¡p¡£¡¡263¡£

126¡£¡¡Among¡¡the¡¡Romans£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not¡¡infamous¡¡to¡¡be¡¡beaten¡¡with¡¡a¡¡stick¡£

127¡£¡¡They¡¡had¡¡only¡¡the¡¡baston¡¡and¡¡buckler¡£¡¡¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡64£»¡¡p¡£¡¡328¡£

128¡£¡¡Book¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡6£»¡¡¡ì¡¡1¡£

129¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡¡ì¡¡2¡£

130¡£¡¡De¡¡Moribus¡¡Germanorum£»¡¡6¡£

131¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡Pactus¡¡legis¡¡Salic£¿£»¡¡6¡£

132¡£¡¡We¡¡have¡¡both¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡law¡¡and¡¡that¡¡which¡¡was¡¡amended¡¡by¡¡this¡¡prince¡£

133¡£¡¡Book¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡55£»¡¡¡ì¡¡11¡£

134¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Greek¡¡romances¡¡of¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡age¡£

135¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1283¡£

136¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡6£»¡¡pp¡£¡¡40£»¡¡41¡£

137¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡64£»¡¡p¡£¡¡328¡£

138¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡330¡£

139¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

140¡£¡¡Ibid¡£


141¡£¡¡The¡¡great¡¡vassals¡¡had¡¡particular¡¡privileges¡£

142¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡64£»¡¡p¡£¡¡330£»¡¡says¡¡he¡¡lost¡¡his¡¡jurisdiction£º¡¡these¡¡words¡¡in¡¡the¡¡authors¡¡of¡¡those¡¡days¡¡have¡¡not¡¡a¡¡general¡¡signification£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡signification¡¡limited¡¡to¡¡the¡¡affair¡¡in¡¡question¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡21£»¡¡art¡£¡¡29¡£

143¡£¡¡This¡¡custom£»¡¡which¡¡we¡¡meet¡¡with¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Capitularies£»¡¡was¡¡still¡¡subsisting¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡Beaumanoir¡£¡¡See¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡315¡£

144¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡64£»¡¡p¡£¡¡330¡£

145¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡309¡£

146¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡308£»¡¡43£»¡¡p¡£¡¡239¡£

147¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡314¡£¡¡See¡¡also¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡22£»¡¡art¡£¡¡24¡£

148¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡63£»¡¡p¡£¡¡322¡£

149¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

150¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

151¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡323¡£

152¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡63£»¡¡p¡£¡¡324¡£

153¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡325¡£

154¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

155¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡323¡£¡¡See¡¡also¡¡what¡¡I¡¡have¡¡said¡¡in¡¡book

156¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡327¡£

157¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡22£»¡¡art¡£¡¡7¡£

158¡£¡¡Charter¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡the¡¡Fat£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1118¡£

159¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

160¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡315¡£

161¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡6£»¡¡p¡£¡¡40¡£

162¡£¡¡But¡¡if¡¡the¡¡battle¡¡was¡¡fought¡¡by¡¡champions£»¡¡the¡¡champion¡¡that¡¡was¡¡overcome¡¡had¡¡his¡¡hand¡¡cut¡¡off¡£

163¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡16£»¡¡¡ì¡¡2¡£

164¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡45¡£

165¡£¡¡Letter¡¡to¡¡Louis¡¡the¡¡Debonnaire¡£

166¡£¡¡Life¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Avitus¡£

167¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡2£»¡¡p¡£¡¡22¡£

168¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡312£»¡¡and¡¡67£»¡¡p¡£¡¡338¡£

169¡£¡¡Book¡¡ii¡£¡¡15¡£

170¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡61£»¡¡pp¡£¡¡310¡¡and¡¡311£»¡¡and¡¡67£»¡¡p¡£¡¡337¡£

171¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡313¡£

172¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡314¡£

173¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

174¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡22£»¡¡art¡£¡¡1£»¡¡10£»¡¡and¡¡11£»¡¡he¡¡says¡¡only¡¡that¡¡each¡¡of¡¡them¡¡was¡¡allowed¡¡a¡¡small¡¡fine¡£

175¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡314¡£

176¡£¡¡Ibid¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡22£»¡¡art¡£¡¡9¡£

177¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

178¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡316£»¡¡and¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡22£»¡¡art¡£¡¡21¡£

179¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡314¡£

180¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡22£»¡¡art¡£¡¡7¡£

181¡£¡¡See¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡21£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡11¡¡and¡¡12£»¡¡and¡¡following£»¡¡who¡¡distinguishes¡¡the¡¡cases¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡appellant¡¡of¡¡false¡¡judgment¡¡loses¡¡his¡¡life£»¡¡the¡¡point¡¡contested£»¡¡or¡¡only¡¡the¡¡imparlance¡£

182¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡62£»¡¡p¡£¡¡322¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡22£»¡¡art¡£¡¡3¡£

183¡£¡¡The¡¡count¡¡was¡¡not¡¡obliged¡¡to¡¡lend¡¡any¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡67£»¡¡p¡£¡¡337¡£

184¡£¡¡Nobody¡¡can¡¡pass¡¡judgment¡¡in¡¡his¡¡court¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡pp¡£¡¡336£»¡¡337¡£

185¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡62£»¡¡p¡£¡¡322¡£

186¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡21£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡27¡¡and¡¡28¡£

187¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡art¡£¡¡28¡£

188¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡21£»¡¡art¡£¡¡37¡£

189¡£¡¡This¡¡number¡¡at¡¡least¡¡was¡¡necessary¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡21£»¡¡art¡£¡¡36¡£

190¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡67£»¡¡p¡£¡¡337¡£

191¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

192¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡pp¡£¡¡337£»¡¡338¡£

193¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡22£»¡¡art¡£¡¡14¡£

194¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

195¡£¡¡Third¡¡capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡art¡£¡¡3£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡497£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡Charles¡¡the¡¡Bald£»¡¡added¡¡to¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡ii£»¡¡art¡£¡¡3¡£

196¡£¡¡Third¡¡capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡art¡£¡¡2£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡497¡£

197¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡the¡¡Debonnaire£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡667¡£

198¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Charles¡¡the¡¡Bald£»¡¡added¡¡to¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡ii£»¡¡art¡£¡¡3¡£

199¡£¡¡Third¡¡capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡art¡£¡¡8¡£

200¡£¡¡Placitum¡£

201¡£¡¡This¡¡appears¡¡by¡¡the¡¡formulas£»¡¡charters£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡capitularies¡£

202¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡757£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡180£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡9¡¡and¡¡10£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Synod¡¡apud¡¡Vernas£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡755£»¡¡art¡£¡¡29£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡175¡£¡¡These¡¡two¡¡capitularies¡¡were¡¡made¡¡under¡¡King¡¡Pepin¡£

203¡£¡¡The¡¡officers¡¡under¡¡the¡¡count£»¡¡Scabini¡£

204¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡52£»¡¡art¡£¡¡22¡£

205¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡instances¡¡of¡¡appeals¡¡of¡¡default¡¡of¡¡justice¡¡as¡¡early¡¡as¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡Philip¡¡Augustus¡£

206¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡315¡£

207¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

208¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡21£»¡¡art¡£¡¡24¡£

209¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡art¡£¡¡32¡£

210¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡312¡£

211¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡21£»¡¡art¡£¡¡29¡£

212¡£¡¡This¡¡was¡¡the¡¡case¡¡in¡¡the¡¡famous¡¡difference¡¡between¡¡the¡¡Lord¡¡of¡¡Nesle¡¡and¡¡Joan£»¡¡Countess¡¡of¡¡Flanders£»¡¡during¡¡the¡¡reign¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡VIII¡£¡¡He¡¡called¡¡upon¡¡her¡¡to¡¡have¡¡it¡¡tried¡¡within¡¡forty¡¡days£»¡¡and¡¡thereupon¡¡challenged¡¡her¡¡at¡¡the¡¡king's¡¡court¡¡with¡¡default¡¡of¡¡justice¡£¡¡She¡¡answered¡¡that¡¡she¡¡would¡¡have¡¡it¡¡tried¡¡by¡¡her¡¡peers¡¡in¡¡Flanders¡£¡¡The¡¡king's¡¡court¡¡determined¡¡that¡¡it¡¡should¡¡not¡¡be¡¡sent¡¡there¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡countess¡¡should¡¡be¡¡cited¡£

213¡£¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡21£»¡¡art¡£¡¡34¡£

214¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡art¡£¡¡9¡£

215¡£¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡311¡£

216¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡312¡£¡¡But¡¡he¡¡that¡¡was¡¡neither¡¡tenant¡¡nor¡¡vassal¡¡to¡¡the¡¡lord¡¡paid¡¡only¡¡a¡¡fine¡¡of¡¡sixty¡¡livres¡£¡¡¡¡Ibid¡£

217¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡318¡£

218¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡21£»¡¡art¡£¡¡35¡£

219¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1260¡£

220¡£¡¡Book¡¡i¡£¡¡2£»¡¡7£»¡¡and¡¡ii¡£¡¡10£»¡¡11¡£

221¡£¡¡As¡¡appears¡¡everywhere¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Institutions£»¡¡&c¡££»¡¡and¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡309¡£

222¡£¡¡Institutions£»¡¡i¡£¡¡6£»¡¡ii¡£¡¡15¡£

223¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡ii¡£¡¡15¡£

224¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡i¡£¡¡78£»¡¡ii¡£¡¡15¡£

225¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡i¡£¡¡78¡£

226¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡ii¡£¡¡15¡£

227¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡i¡£¡¡78¡£

228¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡ii¡£¡¡15¡£

229¡£¡¡But¡¡if¡¡they¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡appeal¡¡without¡¡falsifying¡¡the¡¡judgment£»¡¡the¡¡appeal¡¡was¡¡not¡¡admitted¡£¡¡¡¡Ibid¡£

230¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡i¡£¡¡6£»¡¡67£»¡¡ii¡£¡¡15£»¡¡and¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡11£»¡¡p¡£¡¡58¡£

231¡£¡¡Book¡¡i¡£¡¡1¡­3¡£

232¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡22£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡16£»¡¡17¡£

233¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡309¡£

234¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

235¡£¡¡See¡¡Beaumanoir£»¡¡D¨¦fontaines£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Institutions£»¡¡ii¡£¡¡10£»¡¡11£»¡¡15£»¡¡and¡¡others¡£

236¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡ordinances¡¡at¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡the¡¡third¡¡race£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡collection¡¡of¡¡Lauri¨¦re£»¡¡especially¡¡those¡¡of¡¡Philip¡¡Augustus£»¡¡on¡¡ecclesiastic¡¡jurisdiction£»¡¡that¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡VIII¡¡concerning¡¡the¡¡Jews£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡charters¡¡related¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Brussel£»¡¡particularly¡¡that¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Louis£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡release¡¡and¡¡recovery¡¡of¡¡lands£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡feodal¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡young¡¡women£»¡¡ii£»¡¡book¡¡iii£»¡¡p¡£¡¡35£»¡¡and¡¡ibid¡££»¡¡the¡¡ordinance¡¡of¡¡Philip¡¡Augustus£»¡¡p¡£¡¡7¡£

237¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡63£»¡¡p¡£¡¡327£º¡¡chapter¡¡61£»¡¡p¡£¡¡312¡£

238¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Institutions¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Louis£»¡¡ii¡£¡¡15£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Ordinance¡¡of¡¡Charles¡¡VII¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1453¡£

239¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡21£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡21£»¡¡22¡£

240¡£¡¡Book¡¡i¡£¡¡136¡£

241¡£¡¡Chapter¡¡2£»¡¡art¡£¡¡8¡£

242¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡22£»¡¡art¡£¡¡7¡£¡¡Thi
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü