venny； in the year 1176； which is thus related by two historians； Matthew Paris and Hollinshed。 〃A。D。 1176； The same yeare； William de Breause having got a great number of Welshmen into the castle of Abergavennie； under a colourable pretext of communication； proposed this ordinance to be received of them with a corporall oth； 'That no traveller by the waie amongst them should beare any bow； or other unlawful weapon；' which oth； when they refused to take； because they would not stand to that ordinance； he condemned them all to death。 This deceit he used towards them； in revenge of the death of his uncle Henrie of Hereford； whom upon Easter…even before they had through treason murthered； and were now acquited was the like againe。〃 … Hollinshed； tom。 ii。 p。 95。
｛68｝ Landinegat； or the church of St。 Dingad； is now better known by the name of Dingatstow； or Dynastow； a village near Monmouth。
｛69｝ ＇For the end of William de Braose； see footnote 34。＇
｛70｝ Leland divides this district into Low； Middle； and High Venteland； extending from Chepstow to Newport on one side； and to Abergavenny on the other； the latter of which； he says； 〃maketh the cumpace of Hye Venteland。〃 He adds； 〃The soyle of al Venteland is of a darke reddische yerth ful of slaty stones； and other greater of the same color。 The countrey is also sumwhat montayneus； and welle replenishid with woodes； also very fertyle of corne； but men there study more to pastures； the which be well inclosed。〃 … Leland； Itin。 tom。 v。 p。 6。 Ancient Gwentland is now comprised within the county of Monmouth。
｛71｝ William de Salso Marisco； who succeeded to the bishopric of Llandaff； A。D。 1185； and presided over that see during the time of Baldwin's visitation； in 1188。
｛72｝ Alexander was the fourth archdeacon of the see of Bangor。
｛73｝ Once at Usk； then at Caerleon； and afterwards on entering the town of Newport。
｛74｝ Gouldcliffe； or Goldcliff； is situated a few miles S。E。 of Newport； on the banks of the Severn。 In the year 1113； Robert de Candos founded and endowed the church of Goldclive； and； by the advice of king Henry I。； gave it to the abbey of Bec； in Normandy； its religious establishment consisted of a prior and twelve monks of the order of St。 Benedict。
｛75｝ ＇Geoffrey of Monmouth。＇
｛76｝ The Cistercian abbey here alluded to was known by the several names of Ystrat Marchel； Strata Marcella； Alba domus de Stratmargel； Vallis Crucis； or Pola； and was situated between Guilsfield and Welshpool； in Montgomeryshire。 Authors differ in opinion about its original founder。 Leland attributes it to Owen Cyveilioc； prince of Powys； and Dugdale to Madoc； the son of Gruffydh； giving for his authority the original grants and endowments of this abbey。 According to Tanner； about the beginning of the reign of king Edward III。； the Welsh monks were removed from hence into English abbeys； and English monks were placed here； and the abbey was made subject to the visitation of the abbot and convent of Buildwas； in Shropshire。
｛77｝ Cardiff； i。e。； the fortress on the river Taf。
｛78｝ Gwentluc … so called from Gwent； the name of the province； and llug； open； to distinguish it from the upper parts of Wentland； is an extensive tract of flat； marshy ground； reaching from Newport to the shores of the river Severn。
｛79｝ Nant Pencarn； or the brook of Pencarn。 … After a very attentive examination of the country round Newport； by natives of that place； and from the information I have received on the subject； I am inclined to think that the river here alluded to was the Ebwy； which flows about a mile and a half south of Newport。 Before the new turnpike road and bridge were made across Tredegar Park； the old road led to a ford lower down the river； and may still be travelled as far as Cardiff； and was probably the ford mentioned in the text； as three old farm…houses in its neighbourhood still retain the names of Great Pencarn； Little Pencarn； and Middle Pencarn。
｛80｝ Robert Fitz…Hamon； earl of Astremeville； in Normandy； came into England with William the Conqueror； and； by the gift of William Rufus； obtained the honour of Gloucester。 He was wounded with a spear at the siege of Falaise； in Normandy； died soon afterwards； and was buried； A。D。 1102； in the abbey of Tewkesbury； which he had founded。 Leaving no male issue； king Henry gave his eldest daughter； Mabel； or Maude； who； in her own right； had the whole honour of Gloucester； to his illegitimate son Robert； who was advanced to the earldom of Gloucester by the king； his father。 He died A。D。 1147； and left four sons： William； the personage here mentioned by Giraldus； who succeeded him in his titles and honours； Roger； bishop of Worcester； who died at Tours in France； A。D。 1179； Hamon； who died at the siege of Toulouse； A。D。 1159； and Philip。
｛81｝ The Coychurch Manuscript quoted by Mr。 Williams； in his History of Monmouthshire； asserts that Morgan； surnamed Mwyn…fawr； or the Gentle； the son of Athrwy； not having been elected to the chief command of the British armies； upon his father's death retired from Caerleon； and took up his residence in Glamorganshire； sometimes at Radyr； near Cardiff； and at other times at Margam； and from this event the district derived its name； quasi Gwlad…Morgan； the country of Morgan。
｛82｝ St。 Piranus； otherwise called St。 Kiaran； or Piran； was an Irish saint； said to have been born in the county of Ossory； or of Cork； about the middle of the fourth century； and after that by his labours the Gospel had made good progress； he forsook all worldly things； and spent the remainder of his life in religious solitude。 The place of his retirement was on the sea…coast of Cornwall； and not far from Padstow； where； as Camden informs us； there was a chapel on the sands erected to his memory。 Leland has informed us； that the chapel of St。 Perine； at Caerdiff； stood in Shoemaker Street。
｛83｝ So called from a parish of that name in Glamorganshire； situated between Monk Nash and St。 Donat's； upon the Bristol Channel。
｛84｝ Barri Island is situated on the coast of Glamorganshire； and； according to Cressy； took its name from St。 Baruc； the hermit； who resided； and was buried there。 The Barrys in Ireland； as well as the family of Giraldus； who were lords of it； are said to have derived their names from this island。 Leland； in speaking of this island； says； 〃The passage into Barrey isle at ful se is a flite shot over； as much as the Tamise is above the bridge。 At low water； there is a broken causey to go over； or els over the shalow streamelet of Barrey…brook on the sands。 The isle is about a mile in cumpace； and hath very good corne； grasse； and sum wood； the ferme of it worth a 10 pounds a yere。 There ys no dwelling in the isle； but there is in the middle of it a fair little chapel of St。 Barrok； where much pilgrimage was usid。〃 ＇The 〃fair little chapel〃 has disappeared； and 〃Barry Island〃 is now； since the construction of the great dock； connected with the mainland； it is covered with houses； and its estimated capital value is now 250；000 pounds＇。
｛85｝ William de Salso Marisco。
｛86｝ The see of Llandaff is said to have been founded by the British king Lucius as early as the year 180。
｛87｝ From Llandaff； our crusaders proceeded towards the Cistercian monastery of Margam； passing on their journey near the little cell of Benedictines at Ewenith； or Ewenny。 This religious house was founded by Maurice de Londres towards the middle of the twelfth century。 It is situated in a marshy plain near the banks of the little river Ewenny。
｛88｝ The Cistercian monastery of Margam； justly celebrated for the extensive charities which its members exercised； was founded A。D。 1147； by Robert earl of Gloucester； who died in the same year。 Of this once…famed sanctuary nothing now remains but the shell of its chapter…house； which； by neglect； has lost its most ornamental parts。 When Mr。 Wyndham made the tour of Wales in the year 1777； this elegant building was entire； and was accurately drawn and engraved by his orders。
｛89｝ In continuing their journey from Neath to Swansea； our travellers directed their course by the sea…coast to the river Avon； which they forded； and； continuing their road along the sands； were probably ferried over the river Neath； at a place now known by the name of Breton Ferry； leaving the monastery of Neath at some distance to the right： from thence traversing another tract of sands； and crossing the river Tawe； they arrived at the castle of Swansea； where they passed the night。
｛90｝ The monastery of Neath was situated on the banks of a river bearing the same name； about a mile to the westward of the town and castle。 It was founded in 1112； by Richard de Grainville； or Greenefeld； and Constance； his wife； for the safety of the souls of Robert； earl of Gloucester； Maude； his wife； and William； his son。 Richard de Grainville was one of the twelve Norman knights who accompanied Robert Fitz…Hamon； and assisted him in the conquest of Glamorganshire。 In the time of Leland this abbey was in a high state of preservation； for he says； 〃Neth abbay of white monkes； a mile above Neth town； standing in the ripe of Neth； semid to me the fairest abbay of al Wales。〃 … Leland； Itin。 tom。 v。 p。 14。 The remains of the abbey and of the adjoining priory…house are considerable； but this ancient retirement of the grey and white monks is now occupied by the inhabitants of the neighbouring copper… works。
｛91｝ Gower； the western district of Glamorganshire； appears to have been first conquered by Henry de Newburg； earl of Warwick； soon after Robert； duke of Gloucester； had made the conquest of the other part of Glamorganshire。
｛92｝ Sweynsei； Swansea； or Abertawe； situated at the confluence of the river Tawe with the Severn sea； is a town of considerable commerce； and much frequented during the summer months as a bathing… place。 The old castle； now made use of as a prison； is so surrounded by houses in the middle of the town； that a stranger might visit Swansea without knowing that such a building existed。 The Welsh Chronicle informs us； that it was built by Henry de Beaumont； earl of Warwick； and that in the year 1113 it was attacked by Gruffydd ap Rhys； but without success。 Th