the fathers of the constitution- 第25部分

aid；　that　the　following　articles　shall　be　considered　as　articles　of　compact；　between　the　original　States　and　the　people　and　States　in　the　said　territory；　and　forever　remain　unalterable；　unless　by　common　consent；　to　wit：　ARTICLE　I。　No　person；　demeaning　himself　in　a　peaceable　and　orderly　manner；　shall　ever　be　molested　on　account　of　his　mode　of　worship；　or　religious　sentiments；　in　the　said　territories。　ARTICLE　II。　The　inhabitants　of　the　said　territory　shall　always　be　entitled　to　the　benefits　of　the　writs　of　habeas　corpus；　and　of　the　trial　by　jury；　of　a　propo＇r＇tionate　representation　of　the　people　in　the　legislature；　and　of　judicial　proceedings　according　to　the　course　of　the　common　law。　All　persons　shall　be　bailable；　unless　for　capital　offences；　where　the　proof　shall　be　evident；　or　the　presumption　great。　All　fines　shall　be　moderate；　and　no　cruel　or　unusual　punishments　shall　be　inflicted。　No　man　shall　be　deprived　of　his　liberty　or　property；　but　by　the　judgment　of　his　peers；　or　the　law　of　the　land；　and　should　the　public　exigencies　make　it　necessary；　for　the　common　preservation；　to　take　any　person's　property；　or　to　demand　his　particular　services；　full　compensation　shall　be　made　for　the　same。　And；　in　the　just　preservation　of　rights　and　property；　it　is　understood　and　declared；　that　no　law　ought　ever　to　be　made　or　have　force　in　the　said　territory；　that　shall；　in　any　manner　whatever；　interfere　with　or　affect　private　contracts；　or　engagements；　bona　fide；　and　without　fraud　previously　formed。　ARTICLE　III。　Religion；　morality；　and　knowledge　being　necessary　to　good　government　and　the　happiness　of　mankind；　schools　and　the　means　of　education　shall　forever　be　encouraged。　The　utmost　good　faith　shall　always　be　observed　towards　the　Indians；　their　lands　and　property　shall　never　be　taken　from　them　without　their　consent；　and　in　their　property；　rights；　and　liberty　they　never　shall　be　invaded　or　disturbed；　unless　in　just　and　lawful　wars　authorized　by　Congress；　but　laws　founded　in　justice　and　humanity　shall；　from　time　to　time；　be　made；　for　preventing　wrongs　being　done　to　them；　and　for　preserving　peace　and　friendship　with　them。　ARTICLE　IV。　The　said　territory；　and　the　States　which　may　be　formed　therein；　shall　forever　remain　a　part　of　this　confederacy　of　the　United　States　of　America；　subject　to　the　Articles　of　Confederation；　and　to　such　alterations　therein　as　shall　be　constitutionally　made；　and　to　all　the　acts　and　ordinances　of　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　conformable　thereto。　The　inhabitants　and　settlers　in　the　said　territory　shall　be　subject　to　pay　a　part　of　the　Federal　debts；　contracted；　or　to　be　contracted；　and　a　proportional　part　of　the　expenses　of　government　to　be　apportioned　on　them　by　Congress；　according　to　the　same　common　rule　and　measure　by　which　apportionments　thereof　shall　be　made　on　the　other　States；　and　the　taxes　for　paying　their　proportion　shall　be　laid　and　levied　by　the　authority　and　direction　of　the　legislatures　of　the　district；　or　districts；　or　new　States；　as　in　the　original　States；　within　the　time　agreed　upon　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled。　The　legislatures　of　those　districts；　or　new　States；　shall　never　interfere　with　the　primary　disposal　of　the　soil　by　the　United　States　in　Congress　assembled；　nor　with　any　regulations　Congress　may　find　necessary　for　securing　the　title　in　such　soil　to　the　bona…fide　purchasers。　No　tax　shall　be　imposed　on　lands　the　property　of　the　United　States；　and　in　no　case　shall　non…resident　proprietors　be　taxed　higher　than　residents。　The　navigable　waters　leading　into　the　Mississippi　and　Saint　Lawrence；　and　the　carrying　places　between　the　same；　shall　be　common　highways；　and　forever　free；　as　well　to　the　inhabitants　of　the　said　territory　as　to　the　citizens　of　the　United　States；　and　those　of　any　other　States　that　may　be　admitted　into　the　confederacy；　without　any　tax；　impost；　or　duty　therefor。　ARTICLE　V。　There　shall　be　formed　in　the　said　territory　not　less　than　three　nor　more　than　five　States；　and　the　boundaries　of　the　States；　as　soon　as　Virginia　shall　alter　her　act　of　cession　and　consent　to　the　same；　shall　become　fixed　and　established　as　follows；　to　wit：　The　western　State；　in　the　said　territory；　shall　be　bounded　by　the　Mississippi；　the　Ohio；　and　the　Wabash　Rivers；　a　direct　line　drawn　from　the　Wabash　and　Post　Vincents；　due　north；　to　the　territorial　line　between　the　United　States　and　Canada；　and　by　the　said　territorial　line　to　the　Lake　of　the　Woods　and　Mississippi。　The　middle　State　shall　be　bounded　by　the　said　direct　line；　the　Wabash　from　Post　Vincents　to　the　Ohio；　by　the　Ohio；　by　a　direct　line　drawn　due　north　from　the　mouth　of　the　Great　Miami　to　the　said　territorial　line；　and　by　the　said　territorial　line。　The　eastern　State　shall　be　bounded　by　the　last…mentioned　direct　line；　the　Ohio；　Pennsylvania；　and　the　said　territorial　line：　Provided；　however；　And　it　is　further　understood　and　declared；　that　the　boundaries　of　these　three　States　shall　be　subject　so　far　to　be　altered；　that；　if　Congress　shall　hereafter　find　it　expedient；　they　shall　have　authority　to　form　one　or　two　States　in　that　part　of　the　said　territory　which　lies　north　of　an　east　and　west　line　drawn　through　the　southerly　bend　or　extreme　of　Lake　Michigan。　And　whenever　any　of　the　said　States　shall　have　sixty　thousand　free　inhabitants　therein；　such　State　shall　be　admitted；　by　its　delegates；　into　the　Congress　of　the　United　States；　on　an　equal　footing　with　the　original　States；　in　all　respects　whatever；　and　shall　be　at　liberty　to　form　a　permanent　constitution　and　State　government：　Provided；　The　constitution　and　government；　so　to　be　formed；　shall　be　republican；　and　in　conformity　to　the　principles　contained　in　these　articles；　and；　so　far　as　it　can　be　consistent　with　the　general　interest　of　the　confederacy；　such　admission　shall　be　allowed　at　an　earlier　period；　and　when　there　may　be　a　less　number　of　free　inhabitants　in　the　State　than　sixty　thousand。　ARTICLE　VI。　There　shall　be　neither　slavery　nor　involuntary　servitude　in　the　said　territory；　otherwise　than　in　the　punishment　of　crimes；　whereof　the　party　shall　have　been　duly　convicted：　Provided　always；　That　any　person　escaping　into　the　same；　from　whom　labor　or　service　is　lawfully　claimed　in　any　one　of　the　original　States；　such　fugitive　may　be　lawfully　reclaimed；　and　conveyed　to　the　person　claiming　his　or　her　labor　or　service　as　aforesaid。　Be　it　ordained　by　the　authority　aforesaid；　That　the　resolutions　of　the　23d　of　April；　1784；　relative　to　the　subject　of　this　ordinance；　be；　and　the　same　are　hereby；　repealed；　and　declared　null　and　void。　Done　by　the　United　States；　in　Congress　assembled；　the　13th　day　of　July；　in　the　year　of　our　Lord　1787；　and　of　their　sovereignty　and　independence　the　twelfth。　CONSTITUTION　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES　　1787。　WE　THE　PEOPLE　Of　the　United　States；　in　Order　to　form　a　more　perfect　Union；　establish　Justice；　insure　domestic　Tranquility；　provide　for　the　common　defence；　promote　the　general　Welfare；　and　secure　the　Blessings　of　Liberty　to　ourselves　and　our　Posterity；　do　ordain　and　establish　this　CONSTITUTION　for　the　United　States　of　America。　ARTICLE　I。　SECTION。　1。　All　legislative　Powers　herein　granted　shall　be　vested　in　a　Congress　of　the　United　States；　which　shall　consist　of　a　Senate　and　House　of　Representatives。　SECTION。　2。　1。The　House　of　Representatives　shall　be　composed　of　Members　chosen　every　second　Year　by　the　People　of　the　several　States；　and　the　Electors　in　each　State　shall　have　the　Qualifications　requisite　for　Electors　of　the　most　numerous　Branch　of　the　State　Legislature。　2。　No　Person　shall　be　a　Representative　who　shall　not　have　attained　to　the　Age　of　twenty…five　Years；　and　been　seven　Years　a　Citizen　of　the　United　States；　and　who　shall　not；　when　elected；　be　an　Inhabitant　of　that　State　in　which　he　shall　be　chosen。　3。　＇Representatives　and　direct　Taxes　shall　be　apportioned　among　the　several　States　which　may　be　included　within　this　Union；　according　to　their　respective　Numbers；　which　shall　be　determined　by　adding　to　the　whole　Number　of　free　Persons；　including　those　bound　to　Service　for　a　Term　of　Years；　and　excluding　Indians　not　taxed；　three　fifths　of　all　other　Persons。＇　The　actual　Enumeration　shall　be　made　within　three　Years　after　the　first　Meeting　of　the　Congress　of　the　United　States；　and　within　every　subsequent　Term　of　ten　Years；　in　such　Manner　as　they　shall　by　Law　direct。　The　Number　of　Representatives　shall　not　exceed　one　for　every　thirty　Thousand；　but　each　State　shall　have　at　Least　one　Representative；　and　until　such　enumeration　shall　be　made；　the　State　of　New　Hampshire　shall　be　entitled　to　chuse　three；　Massachusetts　eight；　Rhode…Island　and　Providence　Plantations　one；　Connecticut　five；　New　York　six；　New　Jersey　four；　Pennsylvania　eight；　Delaware　one；　Maryland　six；　Virginia　ten；　North　Carolina　five；　South　Carolina　five；　and　Georgia　three。　4。　When　vacancies　happen　in　the　Representation　from　any　State；　the　Executive　Authority　thereof　shall　issue　Writs　of　Election　to　fill　such　Vacancies。　5。　The　House　of　Representatives　shall　chuse　their　Speaker　and　other　Officers；　and　shall　have　the　sole　Power　of　Impeachment。　SECTION。　3。　1。　The　Senate　of　the　United　States　shall　be　composed　of　two　Senators　from　each　State；　chosen　by　the　Legislature　thereof；　for　six　Years；　and　each　Senator　shall　have　one　Vote。　2。　Immediately　after　they　shall　be　assembled　in　Consequence　of　the　first　Election；　they　shall　be　divided　as　equally　as　may　be　into　three　Classes。　The　Seats　of　the　Senators　of　the　first　Class　shall　be　vacated　at　the　Expiration　of　the　second　year；　of　the　second　Class　at　the　Expiration　of　the　fourth　Year；　and　of　the　third　Class　at　the　Expiration　of　the　sixth　Year；　so　that　one…third　may　be　chosen　every　second　Year；　and　if　Vacancies　happen　by　Resignation；　or　otherwise；　during　the　Recess　of　the　Legislature　of　any　State；　the　Executive　thereof　may　make　temporary　Appointments　until　the　next　Meeting　of　the　Legislature；　which　shall　then　fill　such　Vacancies。　3。　No　Person　shall　be　a　Senator　who　shall　not　have　attained　to　the　Age　of　thi＇r＇ty　Years；　and　been　nine　Years　a　Citizen　of　the　United　States；　and　who　shall　not；　when　elected；　be　an　Inhabitant　of　that　State　for　which　he　shall　be　chosen。　4。　The　Vice　President　of　the　United　States　shall　be　President　of　the　Senate；　but　shall　have　no　Vote；　unless　they　be　equally　divided。　5。　The　Senate　shall　ch