ill the particular field of the magazine so quickly and fully that there would be small room for competition。 The woman's magazine field was to belong to them！
XIX。 Personality Letters
Edward Bok was always interested in the manner in which personality was expressed in letters。 For this reason he adopted； as a boy； the method of collecting not mere autographs； but letters characteristic of their writers which should give interesting insight into the most famous men and women of the day。 He secured what were really personality letters。
One of these writers was Mark Twain。 The humorist was not kindly disposed toward autograph collectors； and the fact that in this case the collector aimed to raise the standard of the hobby did not appease him。 Still； it brought forth a characteristic letter：
〃I hope I shall not offend you； I shall certainly say nothing with the intention to offend you。 I must explain myself； however； and I will do it as kindly as I can。 What you ask me to do； I am asked to do as often as one…half dozen times a week。 Three hundred letters a year！ One's impulse is to freely consent； but one's time and necessary occupations will not permit it。 There is no way but to decline in all cases； making no exceptions； and I wish to call your attention to a thing which has probably not occurred to you； and that is this： that no man takes pleasure in exercising his trade as a pastime。 Writing is my trade； and I exercise it only when I am obliged to。 You might make your request of a doctor； or a builder； or a sculptor； and there would be no impropriety in it； but if you asked either of those for a specimen of his trade； his handiwork； he would be justified in rising to a point of order。 It would never be fair to ask a doctor for one of his corpses to remember him by。
〃MARK TWAIN〃。
At another time； after an interesting talk with Mark Twain； Bok wrote an account of the interview； with the humorist's permission。 Desirous that the published account should be in every respect accurate； the manuscript was forwarded to Mark Twain for his approval。 This resulted in the following interesting letter：
〃MY DEAR MR。 BOK：
〃No； noit is like most interviews； pure twaddle； and valueless。
〃For several quite plain and simple reasons； an 'interview' must； as a rule； be an absurdity。 And chiefly for this reason： it is an attempt to use a boat on land； or a wagon on water； to speak figuratively。 Spoken speech is one thing； written speech is quite another。 Print is a proper vehicle for the latter； but it isn't for the former。 The moment 'talk' is put into print you recognize that it is not what it was when you heard it； you perceive that an immense something has disappeared from it。 That is its soul。 You have nothing but a dead carcass left on your hands。 Color； play of feature； the varying modulations of voice； the laugh； the smile； the informing inflections； everything that gave that body warmth； grace； friendliness； and charm； and commended it to your affection； or at least to your tolerance； is gone； and nothing is left； but a pallid； stiff and repulsive cadaver。
〃Such is 'talk；' almost invariably； as you see it lying in state in an 'interview。' The interviewer seldom tries to tell one how a thing was said； he merely puts in the naked remark； and stops there。 When one writes for print； his methods are very different。 He follows forms which have but little resemblance to conversation； but they make the reader understand what the writer is trying to convey。 And when the writer is making a story； and finds it necessary to report some of the talk of his characters； observe how cautiously and anxiously he goes at that risky and difficult thing：
〃'If he had dared to say that thing in my presence；' said Alfred； taking a mock heroic attitude； and casting an arch glance upon the company； 'blood would have flowed。'
〃'If he had dared to say that thing in my presence；' said Hawkwood； with that in his eye which caused more than one heart in that guilty assemblage to quake； 'blood would have flowed。'
〃'If he had dared to say that thing in my presence；' said the paltry blusterer； with valor on his tongue and pallor on his lips； 'blood would have flowed。'
〃So painfully aware is the novelist that naked talk in print conveys no meaning； that he loads； and often overloads； almost every utterance of his characters with explanations and interpretations。 It is a loud confession that print is a poor vehicle for 'talk；' it is a recognition that uninterpreted talk in print would result in confusion to the reader； not instruction。
〃Now； in your interview you have certainly been most accurate； you have set down the sentences I uttered as I said them。 But you have not a word of explanation； what my manner was at several points is not indicated。 Therefore； no reader can possibly know where I was in earnest and where I was joking； or whether I was joking altogether or in earnest altogether。 Such a report of a conversation has no value。 It can convey many meanings to the reader； but never the right one。 To add interpretations which would convey the right meaning is a something which would requirewhat？ An art so high and fine and difficult that no possessor of it would ever be allowed to waste it on interviews。
〃No； spare the reader and spare me； leave the whole interview out； it is rubbish。 I wouldn't talk in my sleep if I couldn't talk better than that。
〃If you wish to print anything； print this letter； it may have some value； for it may explain to a reader here and there why it is that in interviews as a rule men seem to talk like anybody but themselves。
〃Sincerely yours；
〃MARK TWAIN。〃
The Harpers had asked Bok to write a book descriptive of his autograph…letter collection； and he had consented。 The propitious moment； however； never came in his busy life。 One day he mentioned the fact to Doctor Oliver Wendell Holmes and the poet said： 〃Let me write the introduction for it。〃 Bok； of course； eagerly accepted； and within a few days he received the following； which； with the book； never reached publication：
〃How many autograph writers have had occasion to say with the Scotch trespasser climbing his neighbor's wall； when asked where he was going Bok again！'
〃Edward Bok has persevered like the widow in scripture； and the most obdurate subjects of his quest have found it for their interest to give in； lest by his continual coming he should weary them。 We forgive him； almost admire him for his pertinacity； only let him have no imitators。 The tax he has levied must not be imposed a second time。
〃An autograph of a distinguished personage means more to an imaginative person than a prosaic looker…on dreams of。 Along these lines ran the consciousness and the guiding will of Napoleon； or Washington； of Milton or Goethe。
〃His breath warmed the sheet of paper which you have before you。 The microscope will show you the trail of flattened particles left by the tesselated epidermis of his hand as it swept along the manuscript。 Nay； if we had but the right developing fluid to flow over it； the surface of the sheet would offer you his photograph as the light pictured it at the instant of writing。
〃Look at Mr。 Bok's collection with such thoughts； 。。。and you will cease to wonder at his pertinacity and applaud the conquests of his enthusiasm。
〃Oliver Wendell Holmes。〃
Whenever biographers of the New England school of writers have come to write of John Greenleaf Whittier； they have been puzzled as to the scanty number of letters and private papers left by the poet。 This letter； written to Bok； in comment upon a report that the poet had burned all his letters； is illuminating：
〃Dear Friend：
〃The report concerning the burning of my letters is only true so far as this： some years ago I destroyed a large collection of letters I had received not from any regard to my own reputation； but from the fear that to leave them liable to publicity might be injurious or unpleasant to the writers or their friends。 They covered much of the anti…slavery period and the War of the Rebellion； and many of them I knew were strictly private and confidential。 I was not able at the time to look over the MS。 and thought it safest to make a bonfire of it all。 I have always regarded a private and confidential letter as sacred and its publicity in any shape a shameful breach of trust； unless authorized by the writer。 I only wish my own letters to thousands of correspondents may be as carefully disposed of。
〃You may use this letter as you think wise and best。
〃Very truly thy friend；
〃John G。 Whittier。〃
Once in a while a bit of untold history crept into a letter sent to Bok； as for example in the letter； referred to in a previous chapter from General Jubal A。 Early； the Confederate general； in which he gave an explanation； never before fully given； of his reasons for the burning of Chambersburg； Pennsylvania：
〃The town of Chambersburg was burned on the same day on which the demand on it was made by McCausland and refused。 It was ascertained that a force of the enemy's cavalry was approaching； and there was no time for delay。 Moreover； the refusal was peremptory； and there was no reason for delay unless the demand was a mere idle threat。
〃I had no knowledge of what amount of money there might be in Chambersburg。 I knew that it was a town of some twelve thousand inhabitants。 The town of Frederick； in Maryland； which was a much smaller town than Chambersburg； had in June very promptly responded to my demand on it for 200；000； some of the inhabitants； who were friendly to me； expressing a regret that I had not made it 500；000。 There were one or more National Banks at Chambersburg； and the town ought to have been able to raise the sum I demanded。 I never heard that the refusal was based on the inability to pay such a sum； and there was no offer to pay any sum。 The value of the houses destroyed by Hunter； with their contents； was fully 100；000 in gold； and at the time I made the demand the price of gold in greenbacks had very nearly reached 3。00 and was going up rapidly。 Hence it was that I required the 500；000 in greenbacks； if the gold was not paid； to provide against any further depreciation of the paper money。
〃I would have been fully