the army of the cumberland- 第6部分

General　E。　Dumont　was　placed　in　command　of　Nashville。　　The　Twenty…third　Brigade　under　Colonel　Duffield；　composed　of　four　regiments；　was　ordered　from　Kentucky　to　garrison　Murfreesboro；　and　protect　the　road　from　Shelbyville　to　Lavergne。

Buell　designated　the　First　Division　under　Thomas；　the　Second　under　McCook；　the　Fourth　under　Nelson；　the　Fifth　under　Crittenden；　and　the　Sixth　under　Wood；　to　constitute　the　army　under　his　personal　command；　which　was　to　join　Halleck　in　the　operations　against　the　enemy's　position　at　Corinth。　　These　divisions；　with　cavalry　and　artillery　attached　made　a　force　of　37；000　effective　troops。　　In　addition　to　these；　Buell　had　under　his　command　36；000　effective　men　to　defend　his　communications；　maintain　his　line　of　supply；　enforce　order　within　his　lines；　and　to　perform　any　special　duty　assigned　to　them。　　The　muster…rolls　of　his　army　showed　that　he　had　at　this　time　92　regiments　of　infantrynot　including　those　sent　to　Halleck　under　Cruft。　　These　regiments　aggregated　79；334　men。　　He　had　11　regiments；　1　battalion；　and　7　detached　companies　of　cavalry；　making　a　total　of　11；496　men；　and　28　field；　and　2　siege　batteries；　with　3；935　men。　　The　grand　total　was　94；765　men。　　His　effective　force；　however；　was　73；487　men；　comprising　60；882　infantry；　9；237　cavalry；　and　3；368　artillery。

Buell's　army；　after　crossing　Duck　River；　pressed　rapidly　forward。　The　day　before　Nelson's　arrival　at　the　Tennessee　River　he　was　informed　by　General　Grant；　to　whom　he　had　reported　his　movements　by　courier；　that　he　need　not　hasten　his　march；　as　he　could　not　cross　the　river　before　the　following　Tuesday；　the　8th。　　Nelson's　entire　division；　with　forced　marches；　reached　Savannah　April　5th；　the　other　division　closely　following。　　Ammen's　brigade　of　Nelson's　division　crossed　the　river　on　the　afternoon　of　the　6th；　and　reported　to　Buell；　and　was　engaged　in　the　battle　of　that　day；　aiding　in　resisting　the　final　attack　of　Chalmers　on　the　left　of　Grant's　command。　　Crittenden's　and　McCook's　divisions　arrived　on　the　field　during　the　night　of　the　6th；　and　took　an　active　part　in　the　fighting　of　the　next　day。　The　rest　of　the　command　arrived　on　the　field　after　the　battle。

The　movements　of　the　troops　of　the　〃Army　of　the　Ohio〃　in　the　battle　of　Shiloh　and　in　the　operations　against　Corinth　are　treated　in　Volume　II。　of　this　series；　and　it　is　not　within　the　purview　of　this　volume　to　enter　further　into　the　narrative　of　their　service　than　to　give　a　few　brief　facts　as　to　the　disposition　of　the　troops；　in　order　to　follow　the　subsequent　events　in　which　the　Army　of　the　Ohio　was　the　main　actor。





Chapter　IV。




Morgan's　and　Forest's　Raids。


On　April　11th；　Halleck　arrived　at　Pittsburg　Landing　and　at　once　reorganized　the　troops　in　his　command；　designating　the　divisions　of　his　army　as　the　right　wing；　centre；　left　wing；　reserves；　and　cavalry　under　Major…Generals　George　H。　Thomas；　D。　C。　Buell；　John　Pope；　and　J。　A。　McClernand　and　Brigadier…General　A。　J。　Smith　respectively。　Thomas's　command　comprised　four　divisions　of　the　〃Army　of　the　Tennessee；〃　and　his　old　division　of　the　〃Army　of　the　Ohio。〃　　The　remainder　of　the　army　was　under　the　command　of　Buell。　　After　the　fall　of　Corinth；　the　enemy　breaking　his　large　force　into　several　smaller　commands　rendered　necessary　a　similar　disposition　of　the　Federal　forces。　　Buell　was　ordered　with　his　command　to　enter　into　a　campaign　looking　to　the　occupation　of　East　Tennessee。　　One　division　of　his　army　under　O。　M。　Mitchel　left　Nashville　about　the　middle　of　March　under　orders　to　proceed　to　Murfreesboro　and　repair　the　railroad　bridges　burned　by　Johnston　on　his　retreat。　　On　Colonel　Duffield's　reporting　with　the　Twenty…third　brigade；　Mitchel　pressed　forward　to　Shelbyville　and　from　there　by　a　rapid　movement　on　the　7th　of　April　he　occupied　Huntsville；　Ala。；　with　Turchin's　brigade；　Kennett's　Ohio　cavalry；　and　Simonson's　battery；　capturing　170　prisoners；　15　locomotives；　and　150　passenger　and　freight　cars；　and　a　large　amount　of　army　stores。　　On　the　8th；　Mitchel　ordered　Sill　with　his　brigade　to　proceed　east　along　the　line　of　the　railroad　to　seize　Stevenson；　the　junction　of　the　Nashville　and　Chattanooga；　and　Memphis　and　Charleston　Railroads；　and　directed　Turchin　with　his　command　to　move　west　and　take　possession　of　Decatur　and　Tuscumbia。　This　was　successfully　done；　and　Mitchel　was　in　possession　of　over　one　hundred　miles　of　this　important　link　connecting　Corinth　with　Richmond　in　the　heart　of　the　enemy's　territory。　　He　then　posted　his　troops　at　the　more　prominent　points；　ready　to　move　to　any　place　threatened　by　the　enemy。

On　April　29th；　Mitchel；　hearing　of　the　advance　of　the　force　under　Kirby　Smith　from　Bridgeport　against　the　command　beyond　Stevenson；　moved　as　rapidly　as　possible　by　rail　from　Huntsville　to　resist　him。　He　found　the　enemy　had　attacked　the　detachment　posted　five　miles　west　of　Bridgeport；　and　that　his　troops　had　driven　the　enemy's　advance　back　across　Widow's　Creek。　　The　bridge　over　this　creek　had　been　burned　by　the　enemy　on　their　retreat。　　Mitchel　strengthened　the　detachment　and　engaged　the　attention　of　the　enemy　by　an　apparent　effort　to　cross　this　creek；　while　with　his　main　force　he　advanced　on　Bridgeport　by　a　detour　by　the　left　and　drove　that　portion　of　the　enemy　in　the　town　across　the　Tennessee　River。　　In　their　retreat　the　enemy　set　fire　to　the　bridge　reaching　from　the　west　bank　of　the　river　to　the　Island。　　This　bridge　Mitchel　succeeded　in　saving；　but　the　bridge　east　of　the　Island　was　completely　destroyed。　　General　Mitchel　then　turned　his　attention　to　that　part　of　the　enemy's　force　at　Widow's　Creek；　which　he　succeeded　in　capturing；　taking　in　all　some　three　hundred　and　fifty　prisoners。　　Early　in　May；　Mitchel；　who　had　been　placed　in　command　of　all　the　troops　between　Nashville　and　Huntsville；　ordered　General　Negley　with　the　Seventh　Brigade；　belonging　to　McCook's　divisionwho　had　been　left　at　Columbia　on　the　advance　of　the　main　army　upon　Savannahto　make　an　advance　against　General　Adams　with　a　brigade　of　troops　at　Rogersville；　Ala。　At　the　same　time　Mitchel　sent　Colonel　Lytle　from　Athens；　Ala。；　to　cooperate　with　Negley。　　On　the　13th；　the　enemy　learning　of　the　approach　of　the　Federal　forces；　retreated　across　the　Tennessee　River。　　This　placed　Mitchel　in　complete　position　of　that　portion　of　Alabama　north　of　that　river。　　On　May　29th；　Mitchel　concentrated　Negley's　command　from　Columbia；　Turchin's　brigade　from　Huntsville；　and　the　Eighteenth　Ohio　under　T。　R。　Stanley　from　Athens　at　Fayetteville　for　an　expedition　against　Chattanooga　under　the　command　of　Negley。　These　troops　passed　through　Winchester；　Cowen；　and　University　Place　to　Jasper。　　Advancing　upon　the　latter　place；　the　head　of　his　column；　under　Colonel　Hambright；　encountered　a　brigade　of　the　enemy's　troops　under　General　Adams。　　The　enemy　was　driven　from　the　place　after　a　sharp　engagement；　leaving　his　supply　and　ammunition　trains。　　His　loss　was　18　killed；　20　wounded；　and　12　prisoners。　　Leaving　Jasper；　Negley　arrived　on　the　north　bank　of　the　Tennessee；　opposite　Chattanooga；　on　the　7th。　　Negley；　on　the　evening　of　that　day　and　the　morning　of　the　next；　bombarded　Chattanooga；　and　made　a　demonstration　of　crossing　the　river　and　attacking　the　town。　　General　Duke　says：　〃The　commandant　of　the　place；　General　Leadbetter；　had　two　or　three　guns　in　battery　and　replied；　when　the　gunners；　who　were　the　most　independent　fellows　I　ever　saw；　chose　to　work　the　guns。　　The　defence　of　the　place　was　left　entirely　to　the　individual　efforts　of　those　who　chose　to　defend　it；　and　nothing　prevented　its　capture　but　the　fact　that　the　enemy　could　not　cross　the　river。〃

Negley　then　withdrew　and　encamped　his　command　at　Shelbyville。

General　G。　W。　Morgan；　under　orders　from　Buell；　assumed　command　of　the　forces　in　Eastern　Kentucky　early　in　April。　　Acting　under　his　orders　he　proceeded　to　Cumberland　Ford　and　commenced　operations　at　once　against　Cumberland　Gap。　　This　gap　is　situated　in　the　Cumberland　range　on　the　boundary　line　between　Kentucky　and　Tennessee；　near　the　Western　Virginia　line；　is　a　deep　depression　in　the　mountain　range；　making　a　natural　roadway　through　it；　and　is　the　centre　of　all　the　roads　in　that　section　of　country。　　It　is　a　stronghold　protected　by　nature　with　abrupt　slopes　on　the　mountains；　frequently　so　steep　as　to　be　almost　perpendicular；　with　the　ranges　much　broken　by　spurs；　knobs；　and　ravines；　protected　by　parallel　ranges　of　less　height　in　close　proximity　on　the　east　and　west。　　Morgan；　after　encountering　the　enemy　in　several　skirmishes；　determined　either　to　compel　him　to　fight　or　retreat。　　He　sent　General　Spears　with　three　brigades　to　Pine　Mountain；　on　the　road　to　Big　Creek　Gap。　　General　Kirby　Smith；　commanding　the　enemy's　forces　in　East　Tennessee；　placed　General　Barton's　command　of　two　brigades　of　infantry　in　Big　Creek　Gap；　and　then　advanced　with　some　eight　thousand　men　under　his　immediate　command　to　cut　Spears　off；　and　to　threaten　the　Federal　forces　at　Cumberland　Ford。　　Morgan；　under　orders；　withdrew　Spears；　but　learning　a　few　days　later　from　Buell　of　the　operations　of　Negley's　command　before　Chattanooga；　and　that　Kirby　Smith　had　proceeded　with　a　part　of　his　command　to　the　relief　of　that　place；　resumed　the　advance。　Negley's　movements　had　caused　Smith　to　suspend　his　operations；　but　when　he　heard　of　Negley's　withdrawal　he　proceeded　at　once　to　execute　his　plans　against　Morgan。　　On　June　18th；　the　latter；　finding　that　Kirby　Smith　had　taken　his　entire　command　away　from　Cumberland　Gap；　marched　his　troops　up　Powell's　Valley　and　late　in　the　evening　of　that　day　reached　the　fortifications；　found　the　Gap　empty；　and　took　possession。　　This　natural　stronghold　had　been　extensively　fortified　by　the　rebels；　who　regarded　the　position　of　their　troops　such　as　to　prevent　the　success　of　any　attempt　on　the　part　of　the　Federal　forces　to　obtain　possession　without　a　battle。　　The　enemy　were　completely　out…maneuvred；　and　General　Morgan　had　the　satisfaction　of　occupying　this　fortress　without　the　loss　of　any　of　his　command。

In　the　early　part　of　May；　the　rebel　Colonel　John　H。　Morgan's　command　of　some　five　hundred　men；　in　the　neighborhood　of　Pulaski；　Tenn。；　captured　a　wagon　train　with　about　four　hundred　Federal　troops；　mostly　convalescents　going　to　Columbia。　　On　the　night　of　the　5th；　Morgan　reached　Lebanon　and　quartered　his　entire　force　in