hen he was drunk； and that was very often；' said Bishop Burnet。 'He was a learned man； but had always been in armies； and knew no other rule but to obey orders。 He told me he had no regard to any law； but acted； as he was commanded； in a military way。' （5）
This was the state of matters； when an outrage was committed which gave spirit and determination to the oppressed countrymen； lit the flame of insubordination； and for the time at least recoiled on those who perpetrated it with redoubled force。
（1） THEATER of MORTALITY； p。 10； Edin。 1713。 （2） HISTORY OF MY OWN TIMES； beginning 1660； by Bishop Gilbert Burnet； p。 158。 （3） Wodrow's CHURCH HISTORY； Book II。 chap。 i。 sect。 I。 （4） Crookshank's CHURCH HISTORY； 1751； second ed。 p。 202。 （5） Burnet； p。 348。
THE PENTLAND RISING CHAPTER II … THE BEGINNING
I love no warres； I love no jarres； Nor strife's fire。 May discord cease； Let's live in peace： This I desire。
If it must be Warre we must see （So fates conspire）； May we not feel The force of steel： This I desire。
T。 JACKSON； 1651 （1）
UPON Tuesday； November 13th； 1666； Corporal George Deanes and three other soldiers set upon an old man in the clachan of Dalry and demanded the payment of his fines。 On the old man's refusing to pay； they forced a large party of his neighbours to go with them and thresh his corn。 The field was a certain distance out of the clachan； and four persons； disguised as countrymen； who had been out on the moors all night； met this mournful drove of slaves； compelled by the four soldiers to work for the ruin of their friend。 However； chided to the bone by their night on the hills； and worn out by want of food； they proceeded to the village inn to refresh themselves。 Suddenly some people rushed into the room where they were sitting； and told them that the soldiers were about to roast the old man； naked； on his own girdle。 This was too much for them to stand； and they repaired immediately to the scene of this gross outrage； and at first merely requested that the captive should be released。 On the refusal of the two soldiers who were in the front room； high words were given and taken on both sides； and the other two rushed forth from an adjoining chamber and made at the countrymen with drawn swords。 One of the latter； John M'Lellan of Barscob； drew a pistol and shot the corporal in the body。 The pieces of tobacco…pipe with which it was loaded； to the number of ten at least； entered him； and he was so much disturbed that he never appears to have recovered； for we find long afterwards a petition to the Privy Council requesting a pension for him。 The other soldiers then laid down their arms； the old man was rescued； and the rebellion was commenced。 （2）
And now we must turn to Sir James Turner's memoirs of himself； for； strange to say； this extraordinary man was remarkably fond of literary composition； and wrote； besides the amusing account of his own adventures just mentioned； a large number of essays and short biographies； and a work on war； entitled PALLAS ARMATA。 The following are some of the shorter pieces 'Magick；' 'Friendship；' 'Imprisonment；' 'Anger；' 'Revenge；' 'Duells；' 'Cruelty；' 'A Defence of some of the Ceremonies of the English Liturgie … to wit … Bowing at the Name of Jesus； The frequent repetition of the Lord's Prayer and Good Lord deliver us； Of the Doxologie； Of Surplesses； Rotchets； Canonnicall Coats；' etc。 From what we know of his character we should expect 'Anger' and 'Cruelty' to be very full and instructive。 But what earthly right he had to meddle with ecclesiastical subjects it is hard to see。
Upon the 12th of the month he had received some information concerning Gray's proceedings； but as it was excessively indefinite in its character； he paid no attention to it。 On the evening of the 14th； Corporal Deanes was brought into Dumfries； who affirmed stoutly that he had been shot while refusing to sign the Covenant … a story rendered singularly unlikely by the after conduct of the rebels。 Sir James instantly dispatched orders to the cessed soldiers either to come to Dumfries or meet him on the way to Dalry； and commanded the thirteen or fourteen men in the town with him to come at nine next morning to his lodging for supplies。
On the morning of Thursday the rebels arrived at Dumfries with 50 horse and 150 foot。 Neilson of Corsack； and Gray； who commanded； with a considerable troop； entered the town； and surrounded Sir James Turner's lodging。 Though it was between eight and nine o'clock； that worthy； being unwell； was still in bed； but rose at once and went to the window。
Neilson and some others cried； 'You may have fair quarter。'
'I need no quarter；' replied Sir James； 'nor can I be a prisoner； seeing there is no war declared。' On being told； however； that he must either be a prisoner or die； he came down； and went into the street in his night…shirt。 Here Gray showed himself very desirous of killing him； but he was overruled by Corsack。 However； he was taken away a prisoner； Captain Gray mounting him on his own horse； though； as Turner naively remarks； 'there was good reason for it； for he mounted himself on a farre better one of mine。' A large coffer containing his clothes and money； together with all his papers； were taken away by the rebels。 They robbed Master Chalmers； the Episcopalian minister of Dumfries； of his horse； drank the King's health at the market cross； and then left Dumfries。 （3）
（1） FULLER'S HISTORIE OF THE HOLY WARRE； fourth ed。 1651。 （2） Wodrow； vol。 ii。 p。 17。 （3） Sir J。 Turner's MEMOIRS； pp。 148…50。
THE PENTLAND RISING CHAPTER III … THE MARCH OF THE REBELS
'Stay； passenger； take notice what thou reads； At Edinburgh lie our bodies； here our heads； Our right hands stood at Lanark； these we want； Because with them we signed the Covenant。' EPITAPH ON A TOMBSTONE AT HAMILTON。 （1）
ON Friday the 16th； Bailie Irvine of Dumfries came to the Council at Edinburgh； and gave information concerning this 'horrid rebellion。' In the absence of Rothes； Sharpe presided … much to the wrath of some members； and as he imagined his own safety endangered； his measures were most energetic。 Dalzell was ordered away to the West； the guards round the city were doubled； officers and soldiers were forced to take the oath of allegiance； and all lodgers were commanded to give in their names。 Sharpe； surrounded with all these guards and precautions； trembled … trembled as he trembled when the avengers of blood drew him from his chariot on Magus Muir； … for he knew how he had sold his trust； how he had betrayed his charge； and he felt that against him must their chiefest hatred be directed； against him their direst thunder…bolts be forged。 But even in his fear the apostate Presbyterian was unrelenting； unpityingly harsh； he published in his manifesto no promise of pardon； no inducement to submission。 He said； 'If you submit not you must die；' but never added； 'If you submit you may live！' （2）
Meantime the insurgents proceeded on their way。 At Carsphairn they were deserted by Captain Gray； who； doubtless in a fit of oblivion； neglected to leave behind him the coffer containing Sir James's money。 Who he was is a mystery； unsolved by any historian； his papers were evidently forgeries … that； and his final flight； appear to indicate that he was an agent of the Royalists； for either the King or the Duke of York was heard to say； 'That； if he might have his wish； he would have them all turn rebels and go to arms。' （3）
Upon the 18th day of the month they left Carsphairn and marched onwards。
Turner was always lodged by his captors at a good inn； frequently at the best of which their halting…place could boast。 Here many visits were paid to him by the ministers and officers of the insurgent force。 In his description of these interviews he displays a vein of satiric severity； admitting any kindness that was done to him with some qualifying souvenir of former harshness； and gloating over any injury； mistake； or folly； which it was his chance to suffer or to hear。 He appears； notwithstanding all this； to have been on pretty good terms with his cruel 'phanaticks；' as the following extract sufficiently proves：
'Most of the foot were lodged about the church or churchyard； and order given to ring bells next morning for a sermon to be preached by Mr。 Welch。 Maxwell of Morith； and Major M'Cullough invited me to heare 〃that phanatick sermon〃 （for soe they merrilie called it）。 They said that preaching might prove an effectual meane to turne me； which they heartilie wished。 I answered to them that I was under guards； and that if they intended to heare that sermon； it was probable I might likewise； for it was not like my guards wold goe to church and leave me alone at my lodgeings。 Bot to what they said of my conversion； I said it wold be hard to turne a Turner。 Bot because I founde them in a merrie humour； I said； if I did not come to heare Mr。 Welch preach； then they might fine me in fortie shillings Scots； which was double the suome of what I had exacted from the phanatics。' （4）
This took place at Ochiltree； on the 22nd day of the month。 The following is recounted by this personage with malicious glee； and certainly； if authentic； it is a sad proof of how chaff is mixed with wheat； and how ignorant； almost impious； persons were engaged in this movement； nevertheless we give it； for we wish to present with impartiality all the alleged facts to the reader：
'Towards the evening Mr。 Robinsone and Mr。 Crukshank gaue me a visite； I called for some ale purposelie to heare one of them blesse it。 It fell Mr。 Robinsone to seeke the blessing； who said one of the most bombastick graces that ever I heard in my life。 He summoned God Allmightie very imperiouslie to be their secondarie （for that was his language）。 〃And if；〃 said he； 〃thou wilt not be our Secondarie； we will not fight for thee at all； for it is not our cause bot thy cause； and if thou wilt not fight for our cause and thy oune cause； then we are not obliged to fight for it。 They say；〃 said he； 〃that Dukes； Earles； and Lords a