and as long as he likes。 He has raised himself upon a glorious pedestal above his fellows； he has touched the summit of ambition； and he envies neither King nor Kaiser； Prophet nor Priest； content in an elevation as high as theirs； and much more easily attained。 Yes； certes； much more easily attained。 He has not risen by climbing himself； but by pushing others down。 He has grown great in his own estimation； not by blowing himself out； and risking the fate of AEsop's frog； but simply by the habitual use of a diminishing glass on everybody else。 And I think altogether that his is a better； a safer； and a surer recipe than most others。
After all； however； looking back on what I have written； I detect a spirit suspiciously like his own。 All through； I have been comparing myself with our satirist； and all through； I have had the best of the comparison。 Well； well； contagion is as often mental as physical； and I do not think my readers； who have all been under his lash； will blame me very much for giving the headsman a mouthful of his own sawdust。
SKETCHES CHAPTER II … NUITS BLANCHES
IF any one should know the pleasure and pain of a sleepless night； it should be I。 I remember； so long ago； the sickly child that woke from his few hours' slumber with the sweat of a nightmare on his brow； to lie awake and listen and long for the first signs of life among the silent streets。 These nights of pain and weariness are graven on my mind； and so when the same thing happened to me again； everything that I heard or saw was rather a recollection than a discovery。
Weighed upon by the opaque and almost sensible darkness； I listened eagerly for anything to break the sepulchral quiet。 But nothing came； save； perhaps； an emphatic crack from the old cabinet that was made by Deacon Brodie； or the dry rustle of the coals on the extinguished fire。 It was a calm； or I know that I should have heard in the roar and clatter of the storm； as I have not heard it for so many years； the wild career of a horseman； always scouring up from the distance and passing swiftly below the window； yet always returning again from the place whence first he came； as though； baffled by some higher power； he had retraced his steps to gain impetus for another and another attempt。
As I lay there； there arose out of the utter stillness the rumbling of a carriage a very great way off； that drew near； and passed within a few streets of the house； and died away as gradually as it had arisen。 This； too； was as a reminiscence。
I rose and lifted a corner of the blind。 Over the black belt of the garden I saw the long line of Queen Street； with here and there a lighted window。 How often before had my nurse lifted me out of bed and pointed them out to me； while we wondered together if； there also； there were children that could not sleep； and if these lighted oblongs were signs of those that waited like us for the morning。
I went out into the lobby； and looked down into the great deep well of the staircase。 For what cause I know not； just as it used to be in the old days that the feverish child might be the better served； a peep of gas illuminated a narrow circle far below me。 But where I was； all was darkness and silence； save the dry monotonous ticking of the clock that came ceaselessly up to my ear。
The final crown of it all； however； the last touch of reproduction on the pictures of my memory； was the arrival of that time for which； all night through； I waited and longed of old。 It was my custom； as the hours dragged on； to repeat the question； 'When will the carts come in？' and repeat it again and again until at last those sounds arose in the street that I have heard once more this morning。 The road before our house is a great thoroughfare for early carts。 I know not； and I never have known； what they carry； whence they come； or whither they go。 But I know that； long ere dawn； and for hours together； they stream continuously past； with the same rolling and jerking of wheels and the same clink of horses' feet。 It was not for nothing that they made the burthen of my wishes all night through。 They are really the first throbbings of life； the harbingers of day； and it pleases you as much to hear them as it must please a shipwrecked seaman once again to grasp a hand of flesh and blood after years of miserable solitude。 They have the freshness of the daylight life about them。 You can hear the carters cracking their whips and crying hoarsely to their horses or to one another； and sometimes even a peal of healthy； harsh horse…laughter comes up to you through the darkness。 There is now an end of mystery and fear。 Like the knocking at the door in MACBETH； （1） or the cry of the watchman in the TOUR DE NESLE； they show that the horrible caesura is over and the nightmares have fled away； because the day is breaking and the ordinary life of men is beginning to bestir itself among the streets。
In the middle of it all I fell asleep； to be wakened by the officious knocking at my door； and I find myself twelve years older than I had dreamed myself all night。
（1） See a short essay of De Quincey's。
SKETCHES CHAPTER III … THE WREATH OF IMMORTELLES
IT is all very well to talk of death as 'a pleasant potion of immortality'； but the most of us； I suspect； are of 'queasy stomachs；' and find it none of the sweetest。 （1） The graveyard may be cloak…room to Heaven； but we must admit that it is a very ugly and offensive vestibule in itself； however fair may be the life to which it leads。 And though Enoch and Elias went into the temple through a gate which certainly may be called Beautiful； the rest of us have to find our way to it through Ezekiel's low…bowed door and the vault full of creeping things and all manner of abominable beasts。 Nevertheless； there is a certain frame of mind to which a cemetery is； if not an antidote； at least an alleviation。 If you are in a fit of the blues； go nowhere else。 It was in obedience to this wise regulation that the other morning found me lighting my pipe at the entrance to Old Greyfriars'； thoroughly sick of the town； the country； and myself。
Two of the men were talking at the gate； one of them carrying a spade in hands still crusted with the soil of graves。 Their very aspect was delightful to me； and I crept nearer to them； thinking to pick up some snatch of sexton gossip； some 'talk fit for a charnel；' （2） something； in fine； worthy of that fastidious logician； that adept in coroner's law； who has come down to us as the patron of Yaughan's liquor； and the very prince of gravediggers。 Scots people in general are so much wrapped up in their profession that I had a good chance of overhearing such conversation： the talk of fish… mongers running usually on stockfish and haddocks； while of the Scots sexton I could repeat stories and speeches that positively smell of the graveyard。 But on this occasion I was doomed to disappointment。 My two friends were far into the region of generalities。 Their profession was forgotten in their electorship。 Politics had engulfed the narrower economy of grave…digging。 'Na； na；' said the one； 'ye're a' wrang。' 'The English and Irish Churches；' answered the other； in a tone as if he had made the remark before； and it had been called in question … 'The English and Irish Churches have IMPOVERISHED the country。'
'Such are the results of education；' thought I as I passed beside them and came fairly among the tombs。 Here； at least； there were no commonplace politics； no diluted this…morning's leader； to distract or offend me。 The old shabby church showed； as usual； its quaint extent of roofage and the relievo skeleton on one gable； still blackened with the fire of thirty years ago。 A chill dank mist lay over all。 The Old Greyfriars' churchyard was in perfection that morning； and one could go round and reckon up the associations with no fear of vulgar interruption。 On this stone the Covenant was signed。 In that vault； as the story goes； John Knox took hiding in some Reformation broil。 From that window Burke the murderer looked out many a time across the tombs； and perhaps o' nights let himself down over the sill to rob some new…made grave。 Certainly he would have a selection here。 The very walks have been carried over forgotten resting…places； and the whole ground is uneven； because （as I was once quaintly told） 'when the wood rots it stands to reason the soil should fall in；' which； from the law of gravitation； is certainly beyond denial。 But it is round the boundary that there are the finest tombs。 The whole irregular space is； as it were； fringed with quaint old monuments； rich in death's…heads and scythes and hour…glasses； and doubly rich in pious epitaphs and Latin mottoes … rich in them to such an extent that their proper space has run over； and they have crawled end…long up the shafts of columns and ensconced themselves in all sorts of odd corners among the sculpture。 These tombs raise their backs against the rabble of squalid dwelling…houses； and every here and there a clothes…pole projects between two monuments its fluttering trophy of white and yellow and red。 With a grim irony they recall the banners in the Invalides； banners as appropriate perhaps over the sepulchres of tailors and weavers as these others above the dust of armies。 Why they put things out to dry on that particular morning it was hard to imagine。 The grass was grey with drops of rain； the headstones black with moisture。 Yet； in despite of weather and common sense； there they hung between the tombs； and beyond them I could see through open windows into miserable rooms where whole families were born and fed； and slept and died。 At one a girl sat singing merrily with her back to the graveyard； and from another came the shrill tones of a scolding woman。 Every here and there was a town garden full of sickly flowers； or a pile of crockery inside upon the window…seat。 But you do not grasp the full connection between these houses of the dead and the living； the unnatural marriage of stately sepulchres and squalid houses； till； lower