the zincali- 第41部分

more　properly　the　fashion　of　Andalusia；　the　principal　



characteristic　of　which　is　the　saya；　which　is　exceedingly　short；　



with　many　rows　of　flounces。







True　it　is　that　the　original　dress　of　the　Gitanos；　male　and　female；　



whatever　it　was；　may　have　had　some　share　in　forming　the　Andalusian　



fashion；　owing　to　the　great　number　of　these　wanderers　who　found　



their　way　to　that　province　at　an　early　period。　　The　Andalusians　are　



a　mixed　breed　of　various　nations；　Romans；　Vandals；　Moors；　perhaps　



there　is　a　slight　sprinkling　of　Gypsy　blood　in　their　veins；　and　of　



Gypsy　fashion　in　their　garb。







The　Gitanos　are；　for　the　most　part；　of　the　middle　size；　and　the　



proportions　of　their　frames　convey　a　powerful　idea　of　strength　and　



activity　united；　a　deformed　or　weakly　object　is　rarely　found　



amongst　them　in　persons　of　either　sex；　such　probably　perish　in　



their　infancy；　unable　to　support　the　hardships　and　privations　to　



which　the　race　is　still　subjected　from　its　great　poverty；　and　these　



same　privations　have　given　and　still　give　a　coarseness　and　



harshness　to　their　features；　which　are　all　strongly　marked　and　



expressive。　　Their　complexion　is　by　no　means　uniform；　save　that　it　



is　invariably　darker　than　the　general　olive　hue　of　the　Spaniards；　



not　unfrequently　countenances　as　dark　as　those　of　mulattos　present　



themselves；　and　in　some　few　instances　of　almost　negro　blackness。　　



Like　most　people　of　savage　ancestry；　their　teeth　are　white　and　



strong；　their　mouths　are　not　badly　formed；　but　it　is　in　the　eye　



more　than　in　any　other　feature　that　they　differ　from　other　human　



beings。







There　is　something　remarkable　in　the　eye　of　the　Gitano：　　should　his　



hair　and　complexion　become　fair　as　those　of　the　Swede　or　the　Finn；　



and　his　jockey　gait　as　grave　and　ceremonious　as　that　of　the　native　



of　Old　Castile；　were　he　dressed　like　a　king；　a　priest；　or　a　



warrior；　still　would　the　Gitano　be　detected　by　his　eye；　should　it　



continue　unchanged。　　The　Jew　is　known　by　his　eye；　but　then　in　the　



Jew　that　feature　is　peculiarly　small；　the　Chinese　has　a　remarkable　



eye；　but　then　the　eye　of　the　Chinese　is　oblong；　and　even　with　the　



face；　which　is　flat；　but　the　eye　of　the　Gitano　is　neither　large　nor　



small；　and　exhibits　no　marked　difference　in　its　shape　from　the　eyes　



of　the　common　cast。　　Its　peculiarity　consists　chiefly　in　a　strange　



staring　expression；　which　to　be　understood　must　be　seen；　and　in　a　



thin　glaze；　which　steals　over　it　when　in　repose；　and　seems　to　emit　



phosphoric　light。　　That　the　Gypsy　eye　has　sometimes　a　peculiar　



effect；　we　learn　from　the　following　stanza：…











'A　Gypsy　stripling's　glossy　eye



Has　pierced　my　bosom's　core；



A　feat　no　eye　beneath　the　sky



Could　e'er　effect　before。'











The　following　passages　are　extracted　from　a　Spanish　work；　（55）　and　



cannot　be　out　of　place　here；　as　they　relate　to　those　matters　to　



which　we　have　devoted　this　chapter。







'The　Gitanos　have　an　olive　complexion　and　very　marked　physiognomy；　



their　cheeks　are　prominent；　their　lips　thick；　their　eyes　vivid　and　



black；　their　hair　is　long；　black；　and　coarse；　and　their　teeth　very　



white。　　The　general　expression　of　their　physiognomy　is　a　compound　



of　pride；　slavishness；　and　cunning。　　They　are；　for　the　most　part；　



of　good　stature；　well　formed；　and　support　with　facility　fatigue　and　



every　kind　of　hardship。　　When　they　discuss　any　matter；　or　speak　



among　themselves；　whether　in　Catalan；　in　Castilian；　or　in　Germania；　



which　is　their　own　peculiar　jargon；　they　always　make　use　of　much　



gesticulation；　which　contributes　to　give　to　their　conversation　and　



to　the　vivacity　of　their　physiognomy　a　certain　expression；　still　



more　penetrating　and　characteristic。







To　this　work　we　shall　revert　on　a　future　occasion。







'When　a　Gitano　has　occasion　to　speak　of　some　business　in　which　his　



interest　is　involved；　he　redoubles　his　gestures　in　proportion　as　he　



knows　the　necessity　of　convincing　those　who　hear　him；　and　fears　



their　impassibility。　　If　any　rancorous　idea　agitate　him　in　the　



course　of　his　narrative；　if　he　endeavour　to　infuse　into　his　



auditors　sentiments　of　jealousy；　vengeance；　or　any　violent　passion；　



his　features　become　exaggerated；　and　the　vivacity　of　his　glances；　



and　the　contraction　of　his　lips；　show　clearly；　and　in　an　imposing　



manner；　the　foreign　origin　of　the　Gitanos；　and　all　the　customs　of　



barbarous　people。　　Even　his　very　smile　has　an　expression　hard　and　



disagreeable。　　One　might　almost　say　that　joy　in　him　is　a　forced　



sentiment；　and　that；　like　unto　the　savage　man；　sadness　is　the　



dominant　feature　of　his　physiognomy。







'The　Gitana　is　distinguished　by　the　same　complexion；　and　almost　the　



same　features。　　In　her　frame　she　is　as　well　formed；　and　as　flexible　



as　the　Gitano。　　Condemned　to　suffer　the　same　privations　and　wants；　



her　countenance；　when　her　interest　does　not　oblige　her　to　dissemble　



her　feelings；　presents　the　same　aspect　of　melancholy；　and　shows　



besides；　with　more　energy；　the　rancorous　passions　of　which　the　



female　heart　is　susceptible。　　Free　in　her　actions；　her　carriage；　



and　her　pursuits；　she　speaks；　vociferates；　and　makes　more　gestures　



than　the　Gitano；　and；　in　imitation　of　him；　her　arms　are　in　



continual　motion；　to　give　more　expression　to　the　imagery　with　which　



she　accompanies　her　discourse；　her　whole　body　contributes　to　her　



gesture；　and　to　increase　its　force；　endeavouring　by　these　means　to　



sharpen　the　effect　of　language　in　itself　insufficient；　and　her　



vivid　and　disordered　imagination　is　displayed　in　her　appearance　and　



attitude。







'When　she　turns　her　hand　to　any　species　of　labour；　her　hurried　



action；　the　disorder　of　her　hair；　which　is　scarcely　subjected　by　a　



little　comb；　and　her　propensity　to　irritation；　show　how　little　she　



loves　toil；　and　her　disgust　for　any　continued　occupation。







'In　her　disputes；　the　air　of　menace　and　high　passion；　the　flow　of　



words；　and　the　facility　with　which　she　provokes　and　despises　



danger；　indicate　manners　half　barbarous；　and　ignorance　of　other　



means　of　defence。　　Finally；　both　in　males　and　females；　their　



physical　constitution；　colour；　agility；　and　flexibility；　reveal　to　



us　a　caste　sprung　from　a　burning　clime；　and　devoted　to　all　those　



exercises　which　contribute　to　evolve　bodily　vigour；　and　certain　



mental　faculties。







'The　dress　of　the　Gitano　varies　with　the　country　which　he　inhabits。　　



Both　in　Rousillon　and　Catalonia　his　habiliments　generally　consist　



of　jacket；　waistcoat；　pantaloons；　and　a　red　faja；　which　covers　part　



of　his　waistcoat；　on　his　feet　he　wears　hempen　sandals；　with　much　



ribbon　tied　round　the　leg　as　high　as　the　calf；　he　has；　moreover；　



either　woollen　or　cotton　stockings；　round　his　neck　he　wears　a　



handkerchief；　carelessly　tied；　and　in　the　winter　he　uses　a　blanket　



or　mantle；　with　sleeves；　cast　over　the　shoulder；　his　head　is　



covered　with　the　indispensable　red　cap；　which　appears　to　be　the　



favourite　ornament　of　many　nations　in　the　vicinity　of　the　



Mediterranean　and　Caspian　Sea。







'The　neck　and　the　elbows　of　the　jacket　are　adorned　with　pieces　of　



blue　and　yellow　cloth　embroidered　with　silk；　as　well　as　the　seams　



of　the　pantaloons；　he　wears；　moreover；　on　the　jacket　or　the　



waistcoat；　various　rows　of　silver　buttons；　small　and　round；　



sustained　by　rings　or　chains　of　the　same　metal。　　The　old　people；　



and　those　who　by　fortune；　or　some　other　cause；　exercise；　in　



appearance；　a　kind　of　authority　over　the　rest；　are　almost　always　



dressed　in　black　or　dark…blue　velvet。　　Some　of　those　who　affect　



elegance　amongst　them　keep　for　holidays　a　complete　dress　of　sky…



blue　velvet；　with　embroidery　at　the　neck；　pocket…holes；　arm…pits；　



and　in　all　the　seams；　in　a　word；　with　the　exception　of　the　turban；　



this　was　the　fashion　of　dress　of　the　ancient　Moors　of　Granada；　the　



only　difference　being　occasioned　by　time　and　misery。







'The　dress　of　the　Gitanas　is　very　varied：　　the　young　girls；　or　



those　who　are　in　tolerably　easy　circumstances；　generally　wear　a　



black　bodice　laced　up　with　a　string；　and　adjusted　to　their　figures；　



and　contrasting　with　the　scarlet…coloured　saya；　which　only　covers　a　



part　of　the　leg；　their　shoes　are　cut　very　low；　and　are　adorned　with　



little　buckles　of　silver；　the　breast；　and　the　upper　part　of　the　



bodice；　are　covered　either　with　a　white　handkerchief；　or　one　of　



some　vivid　colour；　and　on　the　head　is　worn　another　handkerchief；　



tied　beneath　the　chin；　one　of　the　ends　of　which　falls　on　the　



shoulder；　in　the　manner　of　a　hood。　　When　the　cold　or　the　heat　



permit；　the　Gitana　removes　the　hood；　without　untying　the　knots；　and　



exhibits　her　long　and　shining　tresses　restrained　by　a　comb。　　The　



old　women；　and　the　very　poor；　dress　in　the　same　manner；　save　that　



their　habiliments　are　more　coarse　and　the　colours　less　in　harmony。　　



Amongst　them　misery　appears　beneath　the　most　revolting　aspect；　



whilst　the　poorest　Gitano　preserves　a　certain　deportment　which　



would　make　his　aspect　supportable；　if　his　unquiet　and　ferocious　



glance　did　not　inspire　us　with　aversion。'















CHAPTER　VI















WHILST　their　husbands　are　engaged　in　their　jockey　vocation；　or　in　



wielding　the　cachas；　the　Callees；　or　Gypsy　females；　are　seldom　



idle；　but　are　endeavouring；　by　various　means；　to　make　all　the　gain　



they　can。　　The　richest　amongst　them　are　generally　contrabandistas；　



and　in　the　large　towns　go　from　house　to　house　with　prohibited　



goods；　especially　silk　and　cotton；　and　occasionally　with　tobacco。　　



They　likewise　purchase　cast…off　female　wearing…apparel；　which；　when　



vamped　up　and　embellished；　they　sometimes　contrive　to　sell　as　new；　



with　no　inconsiderable　profit。