¡¶histories¡·

ÏÂÔØ±¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

histories- µÚ60²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡


and¡¡your¡¡father¡­land¡£¡¡This¡¡day¡¡will¡¡either¡¡be¡¡the¡¡most¡¡glorious



among¡¡the¡¡deeds¡¡of¡¡the¡¡past£»¡¡or¡¡will¡¡be¡¡infamous¡¡in¡¡the¡¡eyes¡¡of



posterity¡£¡¨¡¡These¡¡words¡¡were¡¡hailed£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡their¡¡custom£»¡¡with



the¡¡clash¡¡of¡¡arms¡¡and¡¡with¡¡wild¡¡antics£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡the¡¡battle¡¡was



commenced¡¡by¡¡a¡¡discharge¡¡of¡¡stones£»¡¡leaden¡¡balls£»¡¡and¡¡other



missiles£»¡¡our¡¡soldiers¡¡not¡¡entering¡¡the¡¡morass£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡Germans



sought¡¡to¡¡provoke£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡draw¡¡them¡¡on¡£



¡¡¡¡When¡¡their¡¡store¡¡of¡¡missiles¡¡was¡¡spent£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡battle¡¡grew



hotter£»¡¡a¡¡fiercer¡¡onslaught¡¡was¡¡made¡¡by¡¡the¡¡enemy¡£¡¡Their¡¡tall



stature¡¡and¡¡very¡¡long¡¡spears¡¡enabled¡¡them£»¡¡without¡¡closing£»¡¡to¡¡wound



our¡¡men£»¡¡who¡¡were¡¡wavering¡¡and¡¡unsteady¡£¡¡At¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡a¡¡column



of¡¡the¡¡Bructeri¡¡swam¡¡across¡¡from¡¡the¡¡dam£»¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡described¡¡as



carried¡¡out¡¡into¡¡the¡¡river¡£¡¡Here¡¡there¡¡was¡¡some¡¡confusion¡£¡¡The¡¡line¡¡of



the¡¡allied¡¡infantry¡¡was¡¡being¡¡driven¡¡back£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡legions¡¡took¡¡up



the¡¡contest¡£¡¡The¡¡fury¡¡of¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡was¡¡checked£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡battle¡¡again



became¡¡equal¡£¡¡At¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡a¡¡Batavian¡¡deserter¡¡came¡¡up¡¡to



Cerialis£»¡¡offering¡¡an¡¡opportunity¡¡of¡¡attacking¡¡the¡¡enemy's¡¡rear£»¡¡if



some¡¡cavalry¡¡were¡¡sent¡¡along¡¡the¡¡edge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡morass¡£¡¡The¡¡ground



there¡¡was¡¡firm£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Gugerni£»¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡the¡¡post¡¡had¡¡been¡¡allotted£»



were¡¡careless¡£¡¡Two¡¡squadrons¡¡were¡¡sent¡¡with¡¡the¡¡deserter£»¡¡and



outflanked¡¡the¡¡unsuspecting¡¡enemy¡£¡¡At¡¡the¡¡shout¡¡that¡¡announced¡¡this



success£»¡¡the¡¡legions¡¡charged¡¡in¡¡front¡£¡¡The¡¡Germans¡¡were¡¡routed£»¡¡and



fled¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡Rhine¡£¡¡The¡¡war¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡finished¡¡that¡¡day£»



if¡¡the¡¡fleet¡¡had¡¡hastened¡¡to¡¡come¡¡up¡£¡¡As¡¡it¡¡was£»¡¡the¡¡cavalry¡¡did¡¡not



pursue£»¡¡for¡¡a¡¡storm¡¡of¡¡rain¡¡suddenly¡¡fell£»¡¡and¡¡night¡¡was¡¡at¡¡hand¡£



¡¡¡¡The¡¡next¡¡day¡¡the¡¡14th¡¡legion¡¡was¡¡sent¡¡into¡¡the¡¡Upper¡¡Province¡¡to



join¡¡Gallus¡¡Annius¡£¡¡The¡¡10th£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡arrived¡¡from¡¡Spain£»¡¡supplied



its¡¡place¡¡in¡¡the¡¡army¡¡of¡¡Cerialis¡£¡¡Civilis¡¡was¡¡joined¡¡by¡¡some



auxiliaries¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Chauci¡£¡¡Nevertheless¡¡he¡¡did¡¡not¡¡venture¡¡to



fight¡¡for¡¡the¡¡defence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Batavian¡¡capital£»¡¡but¡¡carrying¡¡off



property¡¡that¡¡could¡¡be¡¡removed£»¡¡and¡¡setting¡¡fire¡¡to¡¡the¡¡remainder£»



he¡¡retreated¡¡into¡¡the¡¡island£»¡¡aware¡¡that¡¡there¡¡were¡¡not¡¡vessels¡¡enough



for¡¡constructing¡¡a¡¡bridge£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Roman¡¡army¡¡could¡¡not¡¡cross¡¡the



river¡¡in¡¡any¡¡other¡¡way¡£¡¡He¡¡also¡¡demolished¡¡the¡¡dyke£»¡¡constructed¡¡by



Drusus¡¡Germanicus£»¡¡and£»¡¡by¡¡destroying¡¡this¡¡barrier£»¡¡sent¡¡the¡¡river



flowing¡¡down¡¡a¡¡steep¡¡channel¡¡on¡¡the¡¡side¡¡of¡¡Gaul¡£¡¡The¡¡river¡¡having



been¡¡thus£»¡¡so¡¡to¡¡speak£»¡¡diverted£»¡¡the¡¡narrowness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡channel



between¡¡the¡¡island¡¡and¡¡Germany¡¡created¡¡an¡¡appearance¡¡of¡¡an



uninterrupted¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡dry¡¡ground¡£¡¡Tutor£»¡¡Classicus£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡hundred



and¡¡thirteen¡¡senators¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treveri£»¡¡also¡¡crossed¡¡the¡¡Rhine¡£¡¡Among



them¡¡was¡¡Alpinius¡¡Montanus£»¡¡of¡¡whose¡¡mission¡¡into¡¡Gaul¡¡by¡¡Antonius¡¡I



have¡¡already¡¡spoken¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡accompanied¡¡by¡¡his¡¡brother¡¡Decimus



Alpinius¡£¡¡His¡¡other¡¡adherents¡¡were¡¡now¡¡endeavouring¡¡to¡¡collect



auxiliaries¡¡among¡¡these¡¡danger¡­loving¡¡tribes¡¡by¡¡appeals¡¡to¡¡their



pity¡¡and¡¡their¡¡greed¡£



¡¡¡¡The¡¡war¡¡was¡¡so¡¡far¡¡from¡¡being¡¡at¡¡an¡¡end£»¡¡that¡¡Civilis¡¡in¡¡one¡¡day



attacked¡¡on¡¡four¡¡points¡¡the¡¡positions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡auxiliary¡¡infantry¡¡and



cavalry¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡legions£»¡¡assailing¡¡the¡¡tenth¡¡legion¡¡at¡¡Arenacum£»



the¡¡second¡¡at¡¡Batavodurum£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡camp¡¡of¡¡the¡¡auxiliary¡¡infantry



and¡¡cavalry¡¡at¡¡Grinnes¡¡and¡¡Vada£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡dividing¡¡his¡¡forces£»¡¡that¡¡he



himself£»¡¡his¡¡sister's¡¡son¡¡Verax£»¡¡Classicus£»¡¡and¡¡Tutor£»¡¡led¡¡each¡¡his



own¡¡division¡£¡¡They¡¡were¡¡not¡¡confident¡¡of¡¡accomplishing¡¡all¡¡these



objects£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡hoped¡¡that£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡made¡¡many¡¡ventures£»¡¡fortune



would¡¡favour¡¡them¡¡on¡¡some¡¡one¡¡point¡£¡¡Besides£»¡¡Cerialis¡¡was¡¡not



cautious£»¡¡and¡¡might¡¡easily¡¡be¡¡intercepted£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡multiplicity¡¡of



tidings¡¡hurried¡¡him¡¡from¡¡place¡¡to¡¡place¡£¡¡The¡¡force£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡to



attack¡¡the¡¡tenth¡¡legion£»¡¡thinking¡¡it¡¡a¡¡hard¡¡matter¡¡to¡¡storm¡¡a



legionary¡¡encampment£»¡¡surprised¡¡some¡¡troops£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡gone¡¡out£»¡¡and



were¡¡busy¡¡felling¡¡timber£»¡¡killed¡¡the¡¡prefect¡¡of¡¡the¡¡camp£»¡¡five



centurions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first¡¡rank£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡few¡¡soldiers£»¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡found



shelter¡¡behind¡¡the¡¡fortifications¡£¡¡At¡¡Batavodurum¡¡the¡¡German¡¡troops



tried¡¡to¡¡break¡¡down¡¡the¡¡bridge¡¡partly¡¡built¡£¡¡Night¡¡terminated¡¡an



indecisive¡¡conflict¡£



¡¡¡¡There¡¡was¡¡greater¡¡danger¡¡at¡¡Grinnes¡¡and¡¡Vada¡£¡¡Civilis¡¡attacked¡¡Vada£»



Classicus¡¡Grinnes£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡checked£»¡¡for¡¡our¡¡bravest



men¡¡had¡¡fallen£»¡¡among¡¡them¡¡Briganticus£»¡¡who¡¡commanded¡¡a¡¡squadron¡¡of



cavalry£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡whose¡¡loyalty¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Roman¡¡cause¡¡and¡¡enmity¡¡to¡¡his



uncle¡¡Civilis¡¡I¡¡have¡¡already¡¡spoken¡£¡¡But¡¡when¡¡Cerialis¡¡came¡¡up¡¡with



a¡¡picked¡¡body¡¡of¡¡cavalry£»¡¡the¡¡fortune¡¡of¡¡the¡¡day¡¡changed£»¡¡and¡¡the



Germans¡¡were¡¡driven¡¡headlong¡¡into¡¡the¡¡river¡£¡¡Civilis£»¡¡who¡¡was



recognised¡¡while¡¡seeking¡¡to¡¡stop¡¡his¡¡flying¡¡troops£»¡¡became¡¡the¡¡mark¡¡of



many¡¡missiles£»¡¡left¡¡his¡¡horse£»¡¡and¡¡swam¡¡across¡¡the¡¡river¡£¡¡Verax



escaped¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡way¡£¡¡Some¡¡light¡¡vessels¡¡were¡¡brought¡¡up£»¡¡and



carried¡¡off¡¡Tutor¡¡and¡¡Classicus¡£¡¡Even¡¡on¡¡this¡¡occasion¡¡the¡¡Roman¡¡fleet



was¡¡not¡¡present¡¡at¡¡the¡¡engagement£»¡¡though¡¡orders¡¡had¡¡been¡¡given¡¡to



that¡¡effect¡£¡¡Fear¡¡kept¡¡them¡¡away£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡crews¡¡were¡¡dispersed¡¡about



other¡¡military¡¡duties¡£¡¡Cerialis¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡allowed¡¡too¡¡little¡¡time¡¡for



executing¡¡his¡¡commands£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡hasty¡¡in¡¡his¡¡plans£»¡¡though¡¡eminently



successful¡¡in¡¡their¡¡results¡£¡¡Fortune¡¡helped¡¡him¡¡even¡¡where¡¡skill¡¡had



failed£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡both¡¡the¡¡general¡¡and¡¡his¡¡army¡¡became¡¡less¡¡careful¡¡about



discipline¡£¡¡A¡¡few¡¡days¡¡after¡¡this¡¡he¡¡escaped¡¡the¡¡peril¡¡of¡¡actual



capture£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡without¡¡great¡¡disgrace¡£



¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡gone¡¡to¡¡Novesium¡¡and¡¡Bonna£»¡¡to¡¡inspect¡¡the¡¡camps¡¡which¡¡were



then¡¡in¡¡course¡¡of¡¡erection¡¡for¡¡the¡¡winter¡¡abode¡¡of¡¡the¡¡legions£»¡¡and



was¡¡making¡¡his¡¡way¡¡back¡¡with¡¡the¡¡fleet£»¡¡his¡¡escort¡¡being¡¡in



disorder£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡sentries¡¡negligent¡£¡¡This¡¡was¡¡observed¡¡by¡¡the



Germans£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡planned¡¡a¡¡surprise¡£¡¡They¡¡chose¡¡a¡¡dark¡¡and¡¡cloudy



night£»¡¡and¡¡moving¡¡rapidly¡¡down¡¡the¡¡stream£»¡¡entered¡¡the¡¡entrenchments



without¡¡opposition¡£¡¡The¡¡carnage¡¡was¡¡at¡¡first¡¡helped¡¡on¡¡by¡¡a¡¡cunning



device¡£¡¡They¡¡cut¡¡the¡¡ropes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tents£»¡¡and¡¡slaughtered¡¡the



soldiers¡¡as¡¡they¡¡lay¡¡buried¡¡beneath¡¡their¡¡own¡¡dwellings¡£¡¡Another¡¡force



put¡¡the¡¡fleet¡¡into¡¡confusion£»¡¡threw¡¡their¡¡grapling¡¡irons¡¡on¡¡the



vessels£»¡¡and¡¡dragged¡¡them¡¡away¡¡by¡¡the¡¡sterns¡£¡¡They¡¡sought¡¡at¡¡first



to¡¡elude¡¡notice¡¡by¡¡silence£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡the¡¡slaughter¡¡was¡¡begun£»¡¡by¡¡way



of¡¡increasing¡¡the¡¡panic¡¡they¡¡raised¡¡on¡¡all¡¡sides¡¡a¡¡deafening¡¡shout¡£



The¡¡Romans£»¡¡awakened¡¡by¡¡sounds£»¡¡looked¡¡for¡¡their¡¡arms¡¡and¡¡rushed



through¡¡the¡¡passages¡¡of¡¡the¡¡camp£»¡¡some¡¡few¡¡with¡¡their¡¡proper



accoutrements£»¡¡but¡¡most¡¡with¡¡their¡¡garments¡¡wrapped¡¡round¡¡their



shoulders£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡drawn¡¡swords¡¡in¡¡their¡¡hands¡£¡¡The¡¡general£»¡¡who



was¡¡half¡¡asleep£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡but¡¡naked£»¡¡was¡¡saved¡¡by¡¡the¡¡enemy's



mistake¡£¡¡They¡¡carried¡¡off¡¡the¡¡praetorian¡¡vessel£»¡¡which¡¡was



distinguished¡¡by¡¡a¡¡flag£»¡¡believing¡¡that¡¡the¡¡general¡¡was¡¡on¡¡board¡£



Cerialis¡¡indeed¡¡had¡¡passed¡¡the¡¡night¡¡elsewhere£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡company£»¡¡as



many¡¡believed£»¡¡of¡¡an¡¡Ubian¡¡woman£»¡¡Claudia¡¡Sacrata¡£¡¡The¡¡sentinels



sought¡¡to¡¡excuse¡¡their¡¡own¡¡scandalous¡¡neglect¡¡by¡¡the¡¡disgraceful



conduct¡¡of¡¡the¡¡general£»¡¡alleging¡¡that¡¡they¡¡had¡¡been¡¡ordered¡¡to¡¡be



silent£»¡¡that¡¡they¡¡might¡¡not¡¡disturb¡¡his¡¡rest£»¡¡and¡¡that£»¡¡from



omitting¡¡the¡¡watchwords¡¡and¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡challenges£»¡¡they¡¡had



themselves¡¡fallen¡¡asleep¡£¡¡The¡¡enemy¡¡rowed¡¡back¡¡in¡¡broad¡¡daylight



with¡¡the¡¡captured¡¡vessels¡£¡¡The¡¡praetorian¡¡trireme¡¡they¡¡towed¡¡up¡¡the



river¡¡Lupia¡¡as¡¡a¡¡present¡¡to¡¡Veleda¡£



¡¡¡¡Civilis¡¡was¡¡seized¡¡by¡¡a¡¡desire¡¡to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡naval¡¡demonstration¡£¡¡He



manned¡¡all¡¡the¡¡triremes¡¡that¡¡he¡¡had£»¡¡and¡¡such¡¡vessels¡¡as¡¡were



propelled¡¡by¡¡a¡¡single¡¡bank¡¡of¡¡oars¡£¡¡To¡¡these¡¡he¡¡added¡¡a¡¡vast¡¡number¡¡of



boats¡£¡¡He¡¡put¡¡in¡¡each¡¡three¡¡or¡¡four¡¡hundred¡¡men£»¡¡the¡¡usual



complement¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Liburnian¡¡galley¡£¡¡With¡¡these¡¡were¡¡the¡¡captured



vessels£»¡¡in¡¡which£»¡¡picturesquely¡¡enough£»¡¡plaids¡¡of¡¡various¡¡colours



were¡¡used¡¡for¡¡sails¡£¡¡The¡¡place¡¡selected¡¡was¡¡an¡¡expanse¡¡of¡¡water£»¡¡not



unlike¡¡the¡¡sea£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡mouth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Mosa¡¡serves¡¡to¡¡discharge¡¡the



Rhine¡¡into¡¡the¡¡ocean¡£¡¡The¡¡motive¡¡for¡¡equipping¡¡this¡¡fleet¡¡was£»¡¡to



say¡¡nothing¡¡of¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡vanity¡¡of¡¡this¡¡people£»¡¡a¡¡desire¡¡to



intercept£»¡¡by¡¡this¡¡alarming¡¡demonstration£»¡¡the¡¡supplies¡¡that¡¡were



approaching¡¡from¡¡Gaul¡£¡¡Cerialis£»¡¡more¡¡in¡¡astonishment¡¡than¡¡alarm£»¡¡drew



up¡¡his¡¡fleet¡¡in¡¡line£»¡¡and£»¡¡though¡¡inferior¡¡in¡¡numbers£»¡¡it¡¡had¡¡the



advantage¡¡in¡¡the¡¡experience¡¡of¡¡the¡¡crews£»¡¡the¡¡skill¡¡of¡¡the¡¡pilots£»¡¡and



the¡¡size¡¡of¡¡the¡¡vessels¡£¡¡The¡¡Romans¡¡had¡¡the¡¡stream¡¡with¡¡them£»¡¡the



enemy's¡¡vessels¡¡were¡¡propelled¡¡by¡¡the¡¡wind¡£¡¡Thus¡¡passing¡¡each¡¡other£»



they¡¡separated¡¡after¡¡a¡¡brief¡¡discharge¡¡of¡¡light¡¡missiles¡£¡¡Civilis



attempted¡¡nothing¡¡more£»¡¡and¡¡retired¡¡to¡¡the¡¡other¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Rhine¡£



Cerialis¡¡mercilessly¡¡ravaged¡¡the¡¡Island¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Batavi£»¡¡but£»¡¡with¡¡a



policy¡¡familiar¡¡to¡¡commanders£»¡¡left¡¡untouched¡¡the¡¡estates¡¡and¡¡houses



of¡¡Civilis¡£¡¡Meanwhile£»¡¡however£»¡¡the¡¡autumn¡¡was¡¡far¡¡advanced£»¡¡and¡¡the



river£»¡¡swollen¡¡by¡¡the¡¡continual¡¡rains¡¡of¡¡the¡¡season£»¡¡overflowed¡¡the



island£»¡¡marshy¡¡and¡¡low¡­lying¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡till¡¡it¡¡resembled¡¡a¡¡lake¡£¡¡There



were¡¡no¡¡ships£»¡¡no¡¡provisions¡¡at¡¡hand£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡camp£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡situated



on¡¡low¡¡ground£»¡¡was¡¡in¡¡process¡¡of¡¡being¡¡carried¡¡away¡¡by¡¡the¡¡force¡¡of



the¡¡stream¡£



¡¡¡¡That¡¡the¡¡legions¡¡might¡¡then¡¡have¡¡been¡¡crushed£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the



Germans¡¡wished¡¡to¡¡crush¡¡them£»¡¡but¡¡were¡¡turned¡¡from¡¡their¡¡purpose¡¡by



his¡¡own¡¡craft£»¡¡was¡¡claimed¡¡as¡¡a¡¡merit¡¡by¡¡Civilis£»¡¡nor¡¡is¡¡it¡¡unlike¡¡the



truth£»¡¡since¡¡a¡¡capitulation¡¡followed¡¡in¡¡a¡¡few¡¡days¡£¡¡Cerialis£»



sending¡¡secret¡¡emissaries£»¡¡had¡¡held¡¡out¡¡the¡¡prospect¡¡of¡¡peace¡¡to¡¡the



Batavi£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡pardon¡¡to¡¡Civilis£»¡¡while¡¡he¡¡advised¡¡Veleda¡¡and¡¡her



relatives¡¡to¡¡change¡¡by¡¡a¡¡well¡­timed¡¡service¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Roman¡¡people¡¡the



fortune¡¡of¡¡war£»¡¡which¡¡so¡¡many¡¡disasters¡¡had¡¡shewn¡¡to¡¡be¡¡adverse¡£¡¡He



reminded¡¡them¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Treveri¡¡had¡¡been¡¡beaten£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Ubii¡¡had



submitted£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Batavi¡¡had¡¡had¡¡their¡¡country¡¡taken¡¡from¡¡them£»



and¡¡that¡¡from¡¡the¡¡friendship¡¡of¡¡Civilis¡¡nothing¡¡else¡¡had¡¡been¡¡gained



but¡¡
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü