the writings-6- 第19部分

the　pressure　of　the　war　should　call　off　our　forces　from　New　Orleans

to　defend　some　other　point；　what　is　to　prevent　the　masters　from

reducing　the　blacks　to　slavery　again？　　for　I　am　told　that　whenever

the　rebels　take　any　black　prisoners；　free　or　slave；　they　immediately

auction　them　off。　　They　did　so　with　those　they　took　from　a　boat　that

was　aground　in　the　Tennessee　River　a　few　days　ago。　　And　then　I　am

very　ungenerously　attacked　for　it！　　For　instance；　when；　after　the

late　battles　at　and　near　Bull　Run；　an　expedition　went　out　from

Washington　under　a　flag　of　truce　to　bury　the　dead　and　bring　in　the

wounded；　and　the　rebels　seized　the　blacks　who　went　along　to　help；　and

sent　them　into　slavery；　Horace　Greeley　said　in　his　paper　that　the

government　would　probably　do　nothing　about　it。　　What　could　I　do？



Now；　then；　tell　me；　if　you　please；　what　possible　result　of　good　would

follow　the　issuing　of　such　a　proclamation　as　you　desire？　　Understand；

I　raise　no　objections　against　it　on　legal　or　constitutional　grounds；

for；　as　commander…in…chief　of　the　army　and　navy；　in　time　of　war　I

suppose　I　have　a　right　to　take　any　measure　which　may　best　subdue　the

enemy；　nor　do　I　urge　objections　of　a　moral　nature；　in　view　of

possible　consequences　of　insurrection　and　massacre　at　the　South。　　I

view　this　matter　as　a　practical　war　measure；　to　be　decided　on

according　to　the　advantages　or　disadvantages　it　may　offer　to　the

suppression　of　the　rebellion。



I　admit　that　slavery　is　the　root　of　the　rebellion；　or　at　least　its

sine　qua　non。　　The　ambition　of　politicians　may　have　instigated　them

to　act；　but　they　would　have　been　impotent　without　slavery　as　their

instrument。　　I　will　also　concede　that　emancipation　would　help　us　in

Europe；　and　convince　them　that　we　are　incited　by　something　more　than

ambition。　　I　grant；　further；　that　it　would　help　somewhat　at　the

North；　though　not　so　much；　I　fear；　as　you　and　those　you　represent

imagine。　　Still；　some　additional　strength　would　be　added　in　that　way

to　the　war；　and　then；　unquestionably；　it　would　weaken　the　rebels　by

drawing　off　their　laborers；　which　is　of　great　importance；　but　I　am

not　so　sure　we　could　do　much　with　the　blacks。　　If　we　were　to　arm

them；　I　fear　that　in　a　few　weeks　the　arms　would　be　in　the　hands　of

the　rebels；　and；　indeed；　thus　far　we　have　not　had　arms　enough　to

equip　our　white　troops。　　I　will　mention　another　thing；　though　it　meet

only　your　scorn　and　contempt。　　There　are　fifty　thousand　bayonets　in

the　Union　armies　from　the　border　slave　States。　　It　would　be　a　serious

matter　if；　in　consequence　of　a　proclamation　such　as　you　desire；　they

should　go　over　to　the　rebels。　　I　do　not　think　they　all　wouldnot　so

many；　indeed；　as　a　year　ago；　or　as　six　months　agonot　so　many　to…day

as　yesterday。　　Every　day　increases　their　Union　feeling。　　They　are

also　getting　their　pride　enlisted；　and　want　to　beat　the　rebels。　　Let

me　say　one　thing　more：　　I　think　you　should　admit　that　we　already　have

an　important　principle　to　rally　and　unite　the　people；　in　the　fact

that　constitutional　government　is　at　stake。　　This　is　a　fundamental

idea　going　down　about　as　deep　as　anything。



Do　not　misunderstand　me　because　I　have　mentioned　these　objections。

They　indicate　the　difficulties　that　have　thus　far　prevented　my　action

in　some　such　way　as　you　desire。　　I　have　not　decided　against　a

proclamation　of　liberty　to　the　slaves；　but　hold　the　matter　under

advisement；　and　I　can　assure　you　that　the　subject　is　on　my　mind；　by

day　and　night；　more　than　any　other。　　Whatever　shall　appear　to　be

God's　will；　I　will　do。　　I　trust　that　in　the　freedom　with　which　I　have

canvassed　your　views　I　have　not　in　any　respect　injured　your　feelings。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　H。　G。　WRIGHT。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　WASHINGTON；　D。　C。；　September　14；　1862。



GENERAL　WRIGHT；　Cincinnati；　Ohio：



Thanks　for　your　despatch。　　Can　you　not　pursue　the　retreating　enemy；

and　relieve　Cumberland　Gap？



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　G。　B。　McCLELLAN。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　WASHINGTON；



September　15；　1862。　　2。45　P。M。



MAJOR…GENERAL　McCLELLAN：



Your　despatch　of　to…day　received。　　God　bless　you；　and　all　with　you。

Destroy　the　rebel　army　if　possible。



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　J。　K。　DUBOIS。　WASHINGTON；　D。C。；



September　15；　1862。　　　3　P。M。



HON。　K。　DUBOIS；　Springfield；　Illinois：



I　now　consider　it　safe　to　say　that　General　McClellan　has　gained　a

great　victory　over　the　great　rebel　army　in　Maryland；　between

Fredericktown　and　Hagerstown。　　He　is　now　pursuing　the　flying　foe。



A。　LINCOLN。



＇But　not　very　fastand　he　did　not　catch　them！　　D。W。＇









TELEGRAM　TO　GOVERNOR　CURTIN；



WASHINGTON；　D。　C。；　September　16；　1862。　　Noon。



GOVERNOR　CURTIN；　Harrisburg：



What　do　you　hear　from　General　McClellan's　army？　　We　have　nothing　from

him　to…day。



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GOVERNOR　MORTON。



WASHINGTON；　D。C。；　September　17；　1862。



GOVERNOR　O。　P。　MORTON；　Indianapolis；　Indiana：



I　have　received　your　despatch　in　regard　to　recommendations　of　General

Wright。　　I　have　received　no　such　despatch　from　him；　at　least　not　that

I　can　remember。　　　I　refer　yours　for　General　Halleck's　consideration。

A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　KETCHUM。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；　September　20；　1862。



GENERAL　KETCHUM；　Springfield；　Illinois：



How　many　regiments　are　there　in　Illinois；　ready　for　service　but　for

want　of　arms？　　How　many　arms　have　you　there　ready　for　distribution？



A。　LINCOLN。









PRELIMINARY　EMANCIPATION　PROCLAMATION；

SEPTEMBER　22；　1862。



THE　PRESIDENT　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES　OF　AMERICA：



A　Proclamation。



I；　Abraham　Lincoln；　President　of　the　United　States　of　America　and

Commander…in…Chief　of　the　Army　and　Navy　thereof；　do　hereby　proclaim

and　declare　that　hereafter；　as　heretofore；　the　war　will　be　prosecuted

for　the　object　of　practically　restoring　the　constitutional　relation

between　the　United　States　and　each　of　the　States　and　the　people

thereof　in　which　States　that　relation　is　or　may　be　suspended　or

disturbed。



That　it　is　my　purpose；　upon　the　next　meeting　of　Congress；　to　again

recommend　the　adoption　of　a　practical　measure　tendering　pecuniary　aid

to　the　free　acceptance　or　rejection　of　all　slave　States；　so　called；

the　people　whereof　may　not　then　be　in　rebellion　against　the　United

States；　and　which　States　may　then　have　voluntarily　adopted；　or

thereafter　may　voluntarily　adopt；　immediate　or　gradual　abolishment　of

slavery　within　their　respective　limits；　and　that　the　effort　to

colonize　persons　of　African　descent　with　their　consent　upon　this

continent　or　elsewhere；　with　the　previously　obtained　consent　of　the

governments　existing　there；　will　be　continued。



That　on　the　1st　day　of　January；　A。D。　1863；　all　persons　held　as　slaves

within　any　State　or　designated　part　of　a　State　the　people　whereof

shall　then　be　in　rebellion　against　the　United　States　shall　be　then；

thenceforward；　and　forever　free；　and　the　executive　government　of　the

United　States；　including　the　military　and　naval　authority　thereof；

will　recognize　and　maintain　the　freedom　of　such　persons　and　will　do

no　act　or　acts　to　repress　such　persons；　or　any　of　them；　in　any

efforts　they　may　make　for　their　actual　freedom。





That　the　Executive　will　on　the　1st　day　of　January　aforesaid；　by

proclamation；　designate　the　States　and　parts　of　States；　if　any；　in

which　the　people　thereof；　respectively；　shall　then　be　in　rebellion

against　the　United　States；　and　the　fact　that　any　State　or　the　people

thereof　shall　on　that　day　be　in　good　faith　represented　in　the

Congress　of　the　United　States　by　members　chosen　thereto　at　elections

wherein　a　majority　of　the　qualified　voters　of　such　State　shall　have

participated　shall；　in　the　absence　of　strong　countervailing

testimony；　be　deemed　conclusive　evidence　that　such　State　and　the

people　thereof　are　not　then　in　rebellion　against　the　United　States。



That　attention　is　hereby　called　to　an　act　of　Congress　entitled　〃An

act　to　make　an　additional　article　of　war；〃　approved　March　13；　1862；

and　which　act　is　in　the　words　and　figure　following：



〃Be　it　enacted　by　the　Senate　and　House　of　Representatives　of　the

United　States　of　America　in　Congress　assemb1ed；　That　hereafter　the

following　shall　be　promulgated　as　an　additional　article　of　war　for

the　government　of　the　Army　of　the　United　States　and　shall　be　obeyed

and　observed　as　such。



〃ART。　　　　All　officers　or　persons　in　the　military　or　naval　service　of

the　United　States　are　prohibited　from　employing　any　of　the　forces

under　their　respective　commands　for　the　purpose　of　returning

fugitives　from　service　or　labor　who　may　have　escaped　from　any　person；

to　whom　such　service　or　labor　is　claimed　to　be　due；　and　any　officer

who　shall　be　found　guilty　by　a　court…martial　of　violating　this

article　shall　be　dismissed　from　the　service。



SEC。　2。　　And　be　it　further　enacted；　That　this　act　shall　take　effect

from　and　after　its　passage。〃



Also　to　the　ninth　and　tenth　sections　of　an　act　entitled　〃An　act　to

suppress　insurrection；　to　punish　treason　and　rebellion；　to　seize　and

confiscate　the　property　of　rebels；　and　for　other　purposes；〃　approved

July　17；　1862；　and　which　sections　are　in　the　words　and　figures

following：





〃SEC。　9。　　And　be　it　further　enacted；　That　all　slaves　of　persons　who

shall　hereafter　be　engaged　in　rebellion　against　the　Government　of　the

United　States；　or　who　shall　in　any　way　give　aid　or　comfort　thereto；

escaping　from　such　persons　and　taking　refuge　within　the　lines　of　the

army；　and　all　slaves　captured　from　such　persons　or　deserted　by　them

and　coming　under　the　control　of　the　Government　of　the　United　States；

and　all　slaves　of　such　persons　found　on　（or）　being　within　any　place

occupied　by　rebel　forces　and　afterwards　occupied　by　the　forces　of　the

United　States；　shall　be　deemed　captives　of　war　and　shall　be　forever

free　of　their　servitude