the writings-6- 第2部分

〃The　three　States　of　Georgia；　Florida；　and　South　Carolina；　comprising

the　military　department　of　the　South；　having　deliberately　declared

themselves　no　longer　under　the　protection　of　the　United　States　of

America；　and　having　taken　up　arms　against　the　said　United　States；　it

became　a　military　necessity　to　declare　martial　law。　　This　was

accordingly　done　on　the　25th　day　of　April；　1862。　　Slavery　and　martial

law　in　a　free　country　are　altogether　incompatible。　　The　persons　in

these　three　States：　Georgia　Florida；　and　South　Carolinaheretofore

held　as　slaves　are　therefore　declared　forever　free。

〃By　command　of　Major…General　D。　Hunter：

〃（Official。）ED。　W。　SMITH；

〃Acting　Assistant　Adjutant…General。〃



And　whereas　the　same　is　producing　some　excitement　and

misunderstanding：　therefore；



I；　　Abraham　Lincoln；　President　of　the　United　States；　proclaim　and

declare　that　the　Government　of　the　United　States；　had　no　knowledge；

information；　or　belief　of　an　intention　on　the　part　of　General　Hunter

to　issue　such　a　proclamation；　nor　has　it　yet　any　authentic

information　that　the　document　is　genuine。　　And　further；　that　neither

General　Hunter　nor　any　other　commander　or　person　has　been　authorized

by　the　Government　of　the　United　States　to　make　a　proclamation

declaring　the　slaves　of　any　State　free；　and　that　the　supposed

proclamation　now　in　question；　whether　genuine　or　false；　is　altogether

void　so　far　as　respects　such　a　declaration。



I　further　make　known　that　whether　it　be　competent　for　me；　as

commander…in…chief　of　the　army　and　navy；　to　declare　the　slaves　of　any

State　or　States　free；　and　whether；　at　any　time；　in　any　case；　it　shall

have　become　a　necessity　indispensable　to　the　maintenance　of　the

government　to　exercise　such　supposed　power；　are　questions　which　under

my　responsibility　I　reserve　to　myself；　and　which　I　cannot　feel

justified　in　leaving　to　the　decision　of　commanders　in　the　field。



These　are　totally　different　questions　from　those　of　police

regulations　in　armies　and　camps。



On　the　sixth　day　of　March　last；　by　special　message；　I　recommended　to

Congress　the　adoption　of　a　joint　resolution；　to　be　substantially　as

follows：



Resolved；　That　the　United　States　ought　to　co…operate　with　any　State

which　may　adopt　gradual　abolishment　of　slavery；　giving　to　such　State

pecuniary　aid；　to　be　used　by　such　State；　in　its　discretion；　to

compensate　for　the　inconvenience；　public　and　private；　produced　by

such　change　of　system。



The　resolution　in　the　language　above　quoted　was　adopted　by　large

majorities　in　both　branches　of　Congress；　and　now　stands　an　authentic；

definite；　and　solemn　proposal　of　the　nation　to　the　States　and　people

most　immediately　interested　in　the　subject…matter。　　To　the　people　of

those　States　I　now　earnestly　appeal。　　I　do　not　argueI　beseech　you

to　make　arguments　for　yourselves。　　You　cannot；　if　you　would；　be　blind

to　the　signs　of　the　times。　　I　beg　of　you　a　calm　and　enlarged

consideration　of　them；　ranging；　if　it　may　be；　far　above　personal　and

partisan　politics。　　This　proposal　makes　common　cause　for　a　common

object；　casting　no　reproaches　upon　any。　　It　acts　not　the　Pharisee。

The　change　it　contemplates　would　come　gently　as　the　dews　of　heaven；

not　rending　or　wrecking　anything。　　Will　you　not　embrace　it？　　So　much

good　has　not　been　done；　by　one　effort；　in　all　past　time；　as　in　the

providence　of　God　it　is　now　your　high　privilege　to　do。　　May　the　vast

future　not　have　to　lament　that　you　have　neglected　it。



In　witness　whereof；　I　have　hereunto　set　my　hand　and　caused　the　seal

of　the　United　States　to　be　affixed。



Done　at　the　city　of　Washington；　this　nineteenth　day　of　May；　in　the

year　of　our　Lord　one　thousand　eight　hundred　　and　sixty…two；　and　of

the　independence　of　the　United　States　the　eighty…sixth。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。



By　the　President：

WILLIAM　H。　SEWARD；　Secretary　of　State。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　G。　E。　McCLELLAN。



WASHINGTON；　May　21；　1862。



MAJOR…GENERAL　McCLELLAN：



I　have　just　been　waited　on　by　a　large　committee　who　present　a

petition　signed　by　twenty…three　senators　and　eighty…four

representatives　asking　me　to　restore　General　Hamilton　to　his

division。　　I　wish　to　do　this；　and　yet　I　do　not　wish　to　be　understood

as　rebuking　you。　　Please　answer　at　once。



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　G。　B。　McCLELLAN。



WASHINGTON　CITY；　May　22；　1862。



MAJOR…GENERAL　McCLELLAN：



Your　long　despatch　of　yesterday　just　received。　　You　will　have　just

such　control　of　General　McDowell　and　his　forces　as　you　therein

indicate。　　McDowell　can　reach　you　by　land　sooner　than　he　could　get

aboard　of　boats；　if　the　boats　were　ready　at　Fredericksburg；　unless

his　march　shall　be　resisted；　in　which　case　the　force　resisting　him

will　certainly　not　be　confronting　you　at　Richmond。　　By　land　he　can

reach　you　in　five　days　after　starting；　whereas　by　water　he　would　not

reach　you　in　two　weeks；　judging　by　past　experience。　　Franklin's

single　division　did　not　reach　you　in　ten　days　after　I　ordered　it。



A。　LINCOLN；

President　United　States。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　McCLELLAN。



WASHINGTON；　May　24；　1862。　　4　PM。



MAJOR…GENERAL　G。　B。　McCLELLAN：



In　consequence　of　General　Banks's　critical　position；　I　have　been

compelled　to　suspend　General　McDowell's　movements　to　join　you。　　The

enemy　are　making　a　desperate　push　upon　Harper's　Ferry；　and　we　are

trying　to　throw　General　Fremont's　force　and　part　of　General

McDowell's　in　their　rear。



A。　LINCOLN；　President。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　McCLELLAN



WASHINGTON　May　24；　1862。



MAJOR…GENERAL　GEORGE　B。　McCLELLAN：



I　left　General　McDowell's　camp　at　dark　last　evening。　　Shields's

command　is　there；　but　it　is　so　worn　that　he　cannot　move　before　Monday

morning；　the　26th。　　We　have　so　thinned　our　line　to　get　troops　for

other　places　that　it　was　broken　yesterday　at　Front　Royal；　with　a

probable　loss　to　us　of　one　regiment　infantry；　two　Companies　cavalry；

putting　General　Banks　in　some　peril。



The　enemy's　forces　under　General　Anderson　now　opposing　General

McDowell's　advance　have　as　their　line　of　supply　and　retreat　the　road

to　Richmond。



If；　in　conjunction　with　McDowell's　movement　against　Anderson；　you

could　send　a　force　from　your　right　to　cut　off　the　enemy's　supplies

from　Richmond；　preserve　the　railroad　bridges　across　the　two　forks　of

the　Pamunkey；　and　intercept　the　enemy's　retreat；　you　will　prevent　the

army　now　opposed　to　you　from　receiving　an　accession　of　numbers　of

nearly　15；000　men；　and　if　you　succeed　in　saving　the　bridges　you　will

secure　a　line　of　railroad　for　supplies　in　addition　to　the　one　you　now

have。　　Can　you　not　do　this　almost　as　well　as　not　while　you　are

building　the　Chickahominy　bridges？　　McDowell　and　Shields　both　say

they　can；　and　positively　will；　move　Monday　morning。　　I　wish　you　to

move　cautiously　and　safely。



You　will　have　command　of　McDowell；　after　he　joins　you；　precisely　as

you　indicated　in　your　long　despatch　to　us　of　the　21st。



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　RUFUS　SAXTON。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May；　24　1862。　　2　P。M。



GENERAL　SAXTON：



Geary　reports　Jackson　with　20；000　moving　from　Ashby's　Gap　by　the

Little　River　turnpike；　through　Aldie；　toward　Centreville。　　This　he

says　is　reliable。　　He　is　also　informed　of　large　forces　south　of　him。

We　know　a　force　of　some　15；000　broke　up　Saturday　night　from　in　front

of　Fredericksburg　and　went　we　know　not　where。　　Please　inform　us；　if

possible；　what　has　become　of　the　force　which　pursued　Banks　yesterday；

also　any　other　information　you　have。



A。　LINCOLN









TELEGRAM　TO　COLONEL　D。　S。　MILES。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May　24；　1862。　　　1。30　P。M。



COLONEL　MILES；　Harper's　Ferry；　Virginia



Could　you　not　send　scouts　from　Winchester　who　would　tell　whether

enemy　are　north　of　Banks；　moving　on　Winchester？　　What　is　the　latest

you　have？



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　J。　C。　FREMONT。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May　24；　1862。　　4　P。M。



MAJOR…GENERAL　FREMONT；　Franklin：



You　are　authorized　to　purchase　the　400　horses；　or　take　them　wherever

or　however　you　can　get　them。　　The　exposed　condition　of　General　Banks

makes　his　immediate　relief　a　point　of　paramount　importance。　　You　are

therefore　directed　by　the　President　to　move　against　Jackson　at

Harrisonburg　and　operate　against　the　enemy　in　such　way　as　to　relieve

Banks。　　This　movement　must　be　made　immediately。　　You　will　acknowledge

the　receipt　of　this　order；　and　specify　the　hour　it　is　received　by

you。



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　J。　C。　FREMONT。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May　24；　1862。　　7。15　P。M。



MAJOR…GENERAL　FREMONT；　Franklin；　Virginia：



Many　thanks　for　the　promptness　with　which　you　have　answered　that　you

will　execute　the　order。　　Muchperhaps　alldepends　upon　the　celerity

with　which　you　can　execute　it。　　Put　the　utmost　speed　into　it。　　Do　not

lose　a　minute。



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　H。　W。　HALLECK。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May　24；　1862。



MAJOR…GENERAL　HALLECK；　near　Corinth；　Mississippi：



Several　despatches　from　Assistant　Secretary　Scott　and　one　from

Governor　Morton　asking　reinforcements　for　you　have　been　received。　　I

beg　you　to　be　assured　we　do　the　best　we　can。　　I　mean　to　cast　no　blame

where　I　tell　you　each　of　our　commanders　along　our　line　from　Richmond

to　Corinth　supposes　himself　to　be　confronted　by　numbers　superior　to

his　own。　　Under　this　pressure　We　thinned　the　line　on　the　upper

Potomac；　until　yesterday　it　was　broken　with　heavy　loss　to　us；　and

General　Banks　put　in　great　peril；　out　of　which　he　is　not　yet

extricated；　and　may　be　actually　captured。　　We　need　men　to　repair　this

breach；　and　have　them　not　at　hand。　　My　dear　General；　I　feel　justified

to　rely　very　much　on　you。　　I　believe　you　and　the　brave　officers　and

men　with　you　can　and　will　get　the　victory　at　Corinth。



A。　LINCOLN。







TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　I。　McDOWELL