the writings-6- 第35部分

only　to　the　army　and　navy；　but　to　all　honest　creditors　of　the

government；　and　satisfactory　provision　made　for　future　demands　on　the

treasury。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









TO　THE　WORKING…MEN　OF　MANCHESTER；　ENGLAND。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；

January；　1863。



TO　THE　WORKING…MEN　OF　MANCHESTER：



I　have　the　honor　to　acknowledge　the　receipt　of　the　address　and

resolutions　which　you　sent　me　on　the　eve　of　the　new　year。　　When　I

came；　on　the　4th　of　March；　1861；　through　a　free　and　constitutional

election　to　fireside　in　the　Government　of　the　United　States；　the

country　was　found　at　the　verge　of　civil　war。　　Whatever　might　have

been　the　cause；　or　whosesoever　the　fault；　one　duty；　paramount　to　all

others；　was　before　me；　namely；　to　maintain　and　preserve　at　once　the

Constitution　and　the　integrity　of　the　Federal　Republic。

A　conscientious　purpose　to　perform　this　duty　is　the　key　to　all　the

measures　of　administration　which　have　been　and　to　all　which　will

hereafter　be　pursued。　　Under　our　frame　of　government　and　my　official

oath；　I　could　not　depart　from　this　purpose　if　I　would。　　It　is　not

always　in　the　power　of　governments　to　enlarge　or　restrict　the　scope

of　moral　results　which　follow　the　policies　that　they　may　deem　it

necessary　for　the　public　safety　from　time　to　time　to　adopt。



I　have　understood　well　that　the　duty　of　self…preservation　rests

solely　with　the　American　people；　but　I　have　at　the　same　time　been

aware　that　favor　or　disfavor　of　foreign　nations　might　have　a　material

influence　in　enlarging　or　prolonging　the　struggle　with　disloyal　men

in　which　the　country　is　engaged。　　A　fair　examination　of　history　has

served　to　authorize　a　belief　that　the　past　actions　and　influences　of

the　United　States　were　generally　regarded　as　having　been　beneficial

toward　mankind。　　I　have；　therefore；　reckoned　upon　the　forbearance　of

nations。　　Circumstancesto　some　of　which　you　kindly　alludeinduce

me　especially　to　expect　that　if　justice　and　good　faith　should　be

practised　by　the　United　States；　they　would　encounter　no　hostile

influence　on　the　part　of　Great　Britain。　　It　is　now　a　pleasant　duty　to

acknowledge　the　demonstration　you　have　given　of　your　desire　that　a

spirit　of　amity　and　peace　toward　this　country　may　prevail　in　the

councils　of　your　Queen；　who　is　respected　and　esteemed　in　your　own

country　only　more　than　she　is　by　the　kindred　nation　which　has　its

home　on　this　side　of　the　Atlantic。



I　know　and　deeply　deplore　the　sufferings　which　the　workingmen　at

Manchester；　and　in　all　Europe；　are　called　to　endure　in　this　crisis。

It　has　been　often　and　studiously　represented　that　the　attempt　to

overthrow　this　government；　which　was　built　upon　the　foundation　of

human　rights；　and　to　substitute　for　it　one　which　should　rest

exclusively　on　the　basis　of　human　slavery；　was　likely　to　obtain　the

favor　of　Europe。　　Through　the　action　of　our　disloyal　citizens；　the

working…men　of　Europe　have　been　subjected　to　severe　trials；　for　the

purpose　of　forcing　their　sanction　to　that　attempt。　　Under　the

circumstance；　I　cannot　but　regard　your　decisive　utterances　upon　the

question　as　an　instance　of　sublime　Christian　heroism　which　has　not

been　surpassed　in　any　age　or　in　any　country。　　It　is　indeed　an

energetic　and　inspiring　assurance　of　the　inherent　power　of　truth　and

of　the　ultimate　and　universal　triumph　of　justice；　humanity；　and

freedom。　　I　do　not　doubt　that　the　sentiments；　you　have　expressed　will

be　sustained　by　your　great　nation；　and；　on　the　other　hand；　I　have　no

hesitation　in　assuring　you　that　they　will　excite　admiration；　esteem；

and　the　most　reciprocal　feelings　of　friendship　among　the　American

people。



I　hail　this　interchange　of　sentiment；　therefore；　as　an　augury　that

whatever　else　may　happen；　whatever　misfortune　may　befall　your　country

or　my　own；　the　peace　and　friendship　which　now　exist　between　the　two

nations　will　be；　as　it　shall　be　my　desire　to　make　them；　perpetual。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









MESSAGE　TO　CONGRESS。



WASHINGTON；　January　21；　1863。



GENTLEMEN　OF　THE　SENATE　AND　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES：



I　submit　herewith　for　your　consideration　the　joint　resolutions　of　the

corporate　authorities　of　the　city　of　Washington；　adopted　September　a

7；　1862；　and　a　memorial　of　the　same　under　date　of　October　28；　1862；

both　relating　to　and　urging　the　construction　of　certain　railroads

concentrating　upon　the　city　of　Washington。



In　presenting　this　memorial　and　the　joint　resolutions　to　you；　I　am

not　prepared　to　say　more　than　that　the　subject　is　one　of　great

practical　importance；　and　that　I　hope　it　will　receive　the　attention

of　Congress。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









INDORSEMENT　ON　THE　PROCEEDINGS　AND　SENTENCE　OF　THE　FITZ…JOHN　PORTER

COURT…MARTIAL。



HEADQUARTERS　OF　THE　ARMY；　WASHINGTON；



January　13；　1863。



In　compliance　with　the　Sixty…fifth　Article　of　War；　these　whole

proceedings　are　transmitted　to　the　Secretary　of　War；　to　be　laid

before　the　President　of　the　United　States。



H。　W。　HALLECK；

General…in…Chief。

January　21；　1863。





The　foregoing　proceedings；　findings；　and　sentence　in　the　foregoing

case　of　Major…General　Fitz…John　Porter　are　approved　and　confirmed；

and　it　is　ordered　that　the　said　Fitz…John　Porter　be；　and　he　hereby

is；　cashiered　and　dismissed　from　the　service　of　the　United　States　as

a　major…general　of　volunteers；　and　as　colonel　and　brevet

brigadier…general　in　the　regular　service　of　the　United　States；　and

forever　disqualified　from　holding　any　office　of　trust　or　profit　under

the　Government　of　the　United　States。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









FROM　GENERAL　HALLECK　TO　GENERAL　U。　S。　GRANT。



HEADQUARTERS　OF　THE　ARMY；　WASHINGTON



January　21；　1863。



MAJOR…GENERAL　GRANT；　Memphis。



GENERAL：The　President　has　directed　that　so　much　of　Arkansas　as　you

may　desire　to　control　be　temporarily　attached　to　your　department。

This　will　give　you　control　of　both　banks　of　the　river。



In　your　operations　down　the　Mississippi　you　must　not　rely　too

confidently　upon　any　direct　co…operation　of　General　Banks　and　the

lower　flotilla；　as　it　is　possible　that　they　may　not　be　able　to　pass

or　reduce　Port　Hudson。　　They；　however；　will　do　everything　in　their

power　to　form　a　junction　with　you　at　Vicksburg。　　　If　they　should　not

be　able　to　effect　this；　they　will　at　least　occupy　a　portion　of　the

enemy's　forces；　and　prevent　them　from　reinforcing　Vicksburg。　　I　hope；

however；　that　they　will　do　still　better　and　be　able　to　join　you。



It　may　be　proper　to　give　you　some　explanation　of　the　revocation　of

your　order　expelling　all　Jews　from　your　department。　　The　President

has　no　objection　to　your　expelling　traitors　and　Jew　peddlers；　which；

I　suppose；　was　the　object　of　your　order；　but　as　it　in　terms

proscribed　an　entire　religious　class；　some　of　whom　are　fighting　in

our　ranks；　the　President　deemed　it　necessary　to　revoke　it。



Very　respectfully；　your　obedient　servant；



H。　W。　HALLECK；　　General…in…Chief。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　BURNSIDE。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；　January　23；　1863



GENERAL　BURNSIDE：



Will　see　you　any　moment　when　you　come。



A。　LINCOLN。









ORDER　RELIEVING　GENERAL　A。　E。　BURNSIDE　AND　MAKING　OTHER　CHANGES。



（General　Orders　No。20。）



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　ADJUTANT…GENERAL'S　OFFICE；

WASHINGTON；　D。C。　JANUARY　25；　1863。



I。　　The　President　of　the　United　States　has　directed：



1st。　　That　Major…General　A。　E。　Burnside；　at　his　own　request；　be

relieved　from　the　command　of　the　Army　of　the　Potomac。



2d。　　That　Major…General　E。　V。　Sumner；　at　his　own　request；　be　relieved

from　duty　in　the　Army　of　the　Potomac。



3d。　　That　Major…General　W。　B。　Franklin　be　relieved　from　duty　in　the

Army　of　the　Potomac。



4th。　　That　Major…General　J。　Hooker　be　assigned　to　the　command　of　the

Army　of　the　Potomac。



II。　The　officers　relieved　as　above　will　report　in　person　to　the

adjutant…general　of　the　army。



By　order　of　the　Secretary　of　War：

D。　TOWNSEND；　Assistant　Adjutant…General









TO　GENERAL　J。　HOOKER。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；　D。　C。；

January　26；　1863。



MAJOR…GENERAL　HOOKER。



GENERAL：I　have　placed　you　at　the　head　of　the　Army　of　the　Potomac。

Of　course　I　have　done　this　upon　what　appear　to　me　to　be　sufficient

reasons；　and　yet　I　think　it　best　for　you　to　know　that　there　are　some

things　in　regard　to　which　I　am　not　quite　satisfied　with　you。　　I

believe　you　to　be　a　brave　and　skillful　soldier；　which　of　course　I

like。　　I　also　believe　you　do　not　mix　politics　with　your　profession；

in　which　you　are　right。　　You　have　confidence　in　yourself；　which　is　a

valuable　if　not　an　indispensable　quality。　　You　are　ambitious；　which

within　reasonable　bounds　does　good　rather　than　harm；　but　I　think　that

during　General　Burnside's　command　of　the　army　you　have　taken　counsel

of　your　ambition　and　thwarted　him　as　much　as　you　could；　in　which　you

did　a　great　wrong　to　the　country　and　to　a　most　meritorious　and

honorable　brother　officer。　　I　have　heard；　in　such　a　way　as　to　believe

it；　of　your　recently　saying　that　both　the　army　and　the　government

needed　a　dictator。　　Of　course　it　was　not　for　this；　but　in　spite　of

it；　that　I　have　given　you　the　command。　　Only　those　generals　who　gain

successes　can　set　up　dictators。　　　What　I　now　ask　of　you　is　military

success；　and　I　will　risk　the　dictatorship。　　The　government　will

support　you　to　the　utmost　of　its　ability；　which　is　neither　more　nor

less　than　it　has　done　and　will　do　for　all　commanders。　　I　much　fear

that　the　spirit　that　you　have　aided　to　infuse　into　the　army；　of

criticizing　their　commander　and　withholding　confidence　from　him；　will

now　turn　upon　you。　　I　shall　assist　you　as　far　as　I　can　to　put　it

down。　　Neither　you　nor　Napoleon；　if　he　were　alive　again；　could　get

any　good　out　of　an　army　while　such　a　spirit　prevails　in　it。　　And　now

beware　of　rashness。　　Beware　of　rashness；　but　with　energy　and

sleepless　vigilance　go　forward　and　give　us　victories。