no doubt resembles that of a sucking…babe which； in the place of its feet and hands； plays with the stupendous nose that must first explore and question the universe。 It is impossible to grip his attention； and； when they set out before him his alphabet of movable letters； instead of naming those which are pointed out to him he applies himself to pulling them off their stems； in order to swallow them surreptitiously。 He has disheartened his kind master； who； pending the coming of the reason and wisdom promised by the proboscidian legends； leaves him in a contented state of ignorance made more blissful by an almost insatiable appetite。
7
But I ask to see the great pioneer； Kluge Hans； Clever Hans。 He is still alive。 He is old： he must be sixteen or seventeen； but his old age； alas； is not exempt from the baneful troubles from which men themselves suffer in their decline！ Hans has turned out badly； it appears； and is never mentioned save in ambiguous terms。 An imprudent or vindictive groom； I forget which； having introduced a mare into the yard； Hans the Pure； who till then had led an austere and monkish existence； vowed to celibacy； science and the chaste delights of figures； Hans the Irreproachable incontinently lost his head and cut himself open on the hanging…rail of his stall。 They had to force back his intestines and sew up his belly。 He is now rusticating miserably in a meadow outside the town。 So true it is that a life cannot be judged except at its close and that we are sure of nothing until we are dead。
8
Before the sitting begins； while the master is making his morning inspection； I go up to Muhamed； speak to him and pat him； looking straight into his eyes meanwhile in order to catch a sign of his genius。 The handsome creature； well…bred and in hard condition； is as calm and trusting as a dog； he shows himself excessively gracious and friendly and tries to give me some huge licks and mighty kisses which I do my best to avoid because they are a little unexpected and overdemonstrative。 The expression of his limpid antelope…eyes is deep； serious and remote； but it differs in no wise from that of his brothers who； for thousands of years； have seen nothing but brutality and ingratitude in man。 If we were able to read anything there； it would not be that insufficient and vain little effort which we call thought； but rather an indefinable； vast anxiety； a tear…dimmed regret for the boundless； stream…crossed plains where his sires sported at will before they knew man's yoke。 In any case； to see him thus fastened by a halter to the stable…door； beating off the flies and absently pawing the cobbles； Muhamed is nothing more than a well…trained horse who seems to be waiting for his saddle or harness and who hide； his new secret as profoundly as all the others which nature has buried in him。
9
But they are summoning me to take my place in the stable where the lessons are given。 It is a small room； empty and bare； with peat…moss litter bedding and white…washed walls。 The horse is separated from the people present by breast…high wooden partitions。 Opposite the four…legged scholar is a black…board； nailed to the wall； and on one side a corn…bin which forms a seat for the spectators。 Muhamed is led in。 Krall； who is a little nervous； makes no secret of his uneasiness。 His horses are fickle animals； uncertain； capricious and extremely sensitive。 A trifle disturbs them； confuses them； puts them off。 At such times； threats； prayers and even the irresistible charm of carrots and good rye…bread are useless。 They obstinately refuse to do any work and they answer at random。 Everything depends on a whim； the state of the weather； the morning meal or the impression which the visitor makes upon them。 Still； Krall seems to know； by certain imperceptible signs； that this is not going to be a bad day。 Muhamed quivered with excitement； snorts loudly through his nostrils； utters a series of indistinct little whinnyings： excellent symptoms； it appears。 I take my seat on the corn…bin。 The master； standing beside the black…board； chalk in hand； introduces me to Muhamed in due form； as to a human being：
〃Muhamed； attention！ This is your uncle〃pointing to me〃who has come all the way to honour you with a visit。 Mind you don't disappoint him。 His name is Maeterlinck。〃 Krall pronounced the first syllable German…fashion： Mah。 〃You understand： Maeterlinck。 Now show him that you know your letters and that you can spell a name correctly； like a clever boy。 Go ahead； we're listening。〃 Muhamed gives a short neigh and； on the small； movable board at his feet； strikes first with his right hoof and then with his left the number of blows which correspond with the letter M in the conventional alphabet used by the horses。 Then； one after the other； without stopping or hesitating； he marks the letters A D R L I N S H； representing the unexpected aspect which my humble name assumes in the equine mind and phonetics。 His attention is called to the fact that there is a mistake。 He readily agrees and replaces the S H by a G and then the G by a K。 They insist that he must put a T instead of the D； but Muhamed； content with his work； shakes his head to say no and refuses to make any further corrections。
10
I assure you that the first shock is rather disturbing； however much one expected it。 I am quite aware that； when one describes these things； one is taken for a dupe too readily dazzled by the doubtless childish illusion of an ingeniously contrived scene。 But what contrivances； what illusions have we here？ Do they lie in the spoken word？ Why； to admit that the horse understands and translates his master's words is just to accept the most extraordinary part of the phenomenon！ Is it a case of surreptitious touches or conventional signs？ However simple…minded one may be； one would nevertheless notice them more easily than a horse； even a horse of genius。 Krall never lays a hand on the animal； he moves all round the little table； which contains no appliances of any sort； for the most part； he stands behind the horse which is unable to see him； or comes and sits beside his guest on the innocuous corn…bin； busying himself； while lecturing his pupil； in writing up the minutes of the lesson。 He also welcomes with the most serene readiness any restrictions or tests which you propose。 I assure you that the thing itself is much simple； and clearer than the suspicions of the arm…chair critics and that the most distrustful mind world not entertain the faintest idea of fraud in the frank； wholesome atmosphere of the old stable。
〃But；〃 some one might have said； 〃Krall； who knew that you were coming to Elberfeld； had of course thoroughly rehearsed his little exercise in spelling； which apparently is only an exercise in memory。〃
For conscience' sake； though I did not look upon the objection as serious； I submitted it to Krall； who at once said： 〃Try it for yourself。 Dictate to the horse any German word of two or three syllables； emphasizing it strongly。 I'll go out of the stable and leave you alone with him。〃
Behold Muhamed and me by ourselves。 I confess that I am a little frightened。 I have many a time felt less uncomfortable in the presence of the great ones or the kings of the earth。 Whom am I dealing with exactly？ However； I summon my courage and speak aloud the first word that occurs to me； the name of the hotel at which I am staying： Weidenhof。 At first； Muhamed； who seems a little puzzled by his master's absence； appears not to hear me and does not even deign to notice that I am there。 But I repeat eagerly； in varying tones of voice； by turns insinuating； threatening； beseeching and commanding：
〃Weidenhof！ Weidenhof！ Weidenhof！〃
At last； my mysterious companion suddenly makes up his mind to lend me his ears and straightway blithely raps out the following letters； which I write down on the black…board as they come：
WEIDNHOZ。
It is a magnificent specimen of equine spelling！ Triumphant and bewildered； I call in friend Krall； who； accustomed as he is to the prodigy； thinks it quite natural； but knits his brows：
〃What's this； Muhamed？ You've made a mistake again。 It's an F you want at the end of the word； not a Z。 Just correct it at once； please。〃
And the docile Muhamed； recognizing his blunder； gives the three blows with his right hoof； followed by the four blows with his left； which represent the most unexceptionable F that one could ask for。
Observe； by the way； the logic of his phonetic writing： contrary to his habit； he strikes the mute E after the W； because it is indispensable； but； finding it included in the D； he considers it superfluous and suppresses it with a high hand。
You rub your eyes； question yourself； ask yourself in the presence of what humanized phenomenon； of what unknown force； of what new creature you stand。 Was all this what they hid in their eyes； those silent brothers of ours？ You blush at arm's long injustice。 You look around you for some sort of trace； obvious or subtle； of the mystery。 You feel yourself attacked in your innermost citadel； where you held yourself most certain and most impregnable。 You have felt a breath from the abyss upon your face。 You would not be more astonished if you suddenly heard the voice of the dead。 But the most astonishing thing is that you are not astonished for long。 We all； unknown to ourselves； live in the expectation of the extraordinary； and； when it comes； it moves us much less than did the expectation。 It is as though a sort of higher instinct； which knows everything and is not ignorant of the miracles that hang over our heads； were reassuring us in advance and helping us to make an easy entrance into the regions of the supernatural。 There is nothing to which we grow accustomed more readily than to the marvellous； and it is only afterwards； upon reflection； that our intelligence； which knows hardly anything； appreciates the magnitude of certain phenomena。
11
But Muhamed gives unmistakable signs of impatience to show that he has had enough of spelling。 Thereupon； as a diversion and a reward； his kind master suggests the extraction of a few square and cubic roots。 Muhamed appears delighted： these are his favourite problems： for he takes less interest than formerly in the most