Frame…work Knitters； 66。 *Silk throwers； 67。 Carmen； 68。 *Pin…makers； 69。 Needle…makers； 70。 Gardeners； 71。 Soap…makers； 72。 Tin…plate Workers； 73。 Wheelwrights； 74。 Distillers； 75。 Hatband…makers； 76。 Patten…makers； 77。 Glasssellers； 78。 Tobacco…pipe makers； 79。 Coach and Coach…harness makers； 80。 Gun…makers； 81。 Gold and Silver Wire…Drawers； 82。 Long Bow…string makers； 83。 Card…makers； 84。 Fan…makers。
The companies marked with an * before them have no liverymen； and all the freemen of the rest are not upon the livery； that is； entitled to wear the gowns belonging to the respective companies； and vote in elections； but a select number of freemen only。 Every company is a distinct corporation； being incorporated by grants from the crown； or acts of parliament； and having certain rules； liberties； and privileges； for the better support and government of their several trades and mysteries： many of them are endowed with lands to a great value； and have their masters； wardens； assistants； clerks； and other officers； to direct and regulate their affairs； and to restrain and punish abuses incident to their several trades； and when any disputes arise concerning the due execution of these charters； the Lord Mayor has a supreme power to determine the case and to punish the offenders。
The military government of the City of London is lodged in the lieutenancy； consisting of the Lord Mayor； aldermen； and other principal citizens； who receive their authority from his majesty's commission； which he revokes and alters as often as he sees fit。 These have under their command six regiments of foot； viz。：… 1； The White； 2； the Orange； 3； the Yellow； 4； the Blue； 5； the Green； and 6； the Red Regimentin every one of which are eight companies； consisting of one hundred and fifty men each； in all； seven thousand two hundred men： besides which there is a kind of independent company； called the artillery company； consisting of seven or eight hundred volunteers； whose skill in military discipline is much admired by their fellow…citizens。 These exercise frequently in the artillery ground； engage in mock fights and sieges； and storm the dunghills with great address。
The Tower Hamlets； it has been observed already； are commanded by the lieutenant of the Tower； and consist of two regiments of foot； eight hundred each： so that the whole militia of London； exclusive of Westminster and Southwark； amount to near ten thousand men。
London； like other cities of the kingdom； is； or ought to be； governed by its bishop in spirituals； though his authority is very little regarded at present。 The justices of peace at their sessions may empower any man to preach and administer the sacraments； let his occupation or qualifications be never so mean； nor do they ever refuse it to a person who is able to raise the small sum of pence being less a great deal than is paid for licensing a common alehouse。 A clergyman indeed cannot be entitled to a benefice without being； in some measure； subject to his diocesan； but he may throw off his gown； and assemble a congregation that shall be much more beneficial to him； and propagate what doctrines he sees fit （as is evident in the case of orator Henley）： but to proceed。
The diocese of London is in the province of Canterbury； and comprehends the counties of Middlesex and Essex； and part of Hertfordshire； the British plantations in America are also subject to this bishop。 To the cathedral of St。 Paul belongs a dean； three residentiaries； a treasurer； chancellor； precentor； and thirty prebendaries。 The Bishop of London takes place next to the Archbishops of Canterbury and York； but his revenues are not equal to those of Durham or Winchester。 The deanery of St。 Paul's is said to be worth a thousand pounds per annum； and each of the residentiaries about three hundred pounds per annum。
The parishes within the walls of London are ninety…seven； but several of them having been united since the Fire； there are at present but sixty…two parish churches； and consequently the same number of parish priests： the revenues of these gentlemen are seldom less than 100 pounds per annum； and none more than 200 pounds per annum。 They appear to be most of them about 150 pounds per annum； besides their several parsonage houses and surplice fees； and most of them have lectureships in town； or livings in the country； or some other spiritual preferment of equal value。
The city of Westminster； the western part of the town； comes next under consideration which received its name from the abbey or minster situated to the westward of London。 This city； if we comprehend the district or liberties belonging to it； lies along the banks of the Thames in the form of a bow or crescent； extending from Temple Bar in the east to Millbank in the south…west； the inside of this bow being about a mile and a half in length； and the outside two miles and a half at least； the breadth； one place with another； from the Thames to the fields on the north…west side of the town； about a mile； and I am apt to think a square of two miles in length and one in breadth would contain all the buildings within the liberty of Westminster。 That part of the town which is properly called the city of Westminster contains no more than St。 Margaret's and St。 John's parishes； which form a triangle； one side whereof extends from Whitehall to Peterborough House on Millbank； another side reaches from Peterborough House to Stafford House； or Tart Hall； at the west end of the park； and the third side extends from Stafford house to Whitehall； the circumference of the whole being about two miles。 This spot of ground； it is said； was anciently an island； a branch of the Thames running through the park from west to east； and falling into the main river again about Whitehall； which island was originally called Thorney Island； from the woods and bushes that covered it； the abbey or minster also was at first called Thorney Abbey or minster； from the island on which it stood。
St。 James's Park is something more than a mile in circumference； and the form pretty near oval； about the middle of it runs a canal 2；800 feet in length and 100 in breadth； and near it are several other waters； which form an island that has good cover for the breeding and harbouring wild ducks and other water…fowl； on the island also is a pretty house and garden； scarce visible to the company in the park。 On the north side are several fine walks of elms and limes half a mile in length； of which the Mall is one。 The palace of St。 James's； Marlborough House； and the fine buildings in the street called Pall Mall； adorn this side of the park。 At the east end is a view of the Admiralty； a magnificent edifice； lately built with brick and stone； the Horse Guards； the Banqueting House； the most elegant fabric in the kingdom； with the Treasury and the fine buildings about the Cockpit； and between these and the end of the grand canal is a spacious parade； where the horse and foot guards rendezvous every morning before they mount their respective guards。
On the south side of the park run shady walks of trees from east to west； parallel almost to the canal； and walks on the north； adjoining to which are the sumptuous houses in Queen Street； Queen Square； &c。； inhabited by people of quality： and the west end of the park is adorned with the Duke of Buckingham's beautiful seat。 But what renders St。 James's Park one of the most delightful scenes in Nature is the variety of living objects which is met with here； for besides the deer and wild fowl； common to other parks； besides the water； fine walks； and the elegant buildings that surround it； hither the politest part of the British nation of both sexes frequently resort in the spring to take the benefit of the evening air； and enjoy the most agreeable conversation imaginable； and those who have a taste for martial music； and the shining equipage of the soldiery； will find their eyes and ears agreeably entertained by the horse and foot guards every morning。
The Sanctuary； or the abbey…yard； is a large open square； between King Street and the Gate…house； north…west of the abbey； and was called the Sanctuary； because any person who came within these limits was entitled to the privilege of sanctuarythat is； he was not liable to be apprehended by any officers of justice。
This privilege； it is said； was first granted to the abbey by Sebert； king of the East Saxons； increased by King Edgar； and confirmed by Edward the Confessor； by the following charter：…
〃Edward； by the grace of God； king of Englishmen； I make it to be known to all generations of the world after me； that； by special commandment of our holy father Pope Leo； I have renewed and honoured the holy church of the blessed apostle St。 Peter of Westminster； and I order and establish for ever； that what person； of what condition or estate soever he be； from whencesoever he come； or for what offence or cause it be； either for his refuge in the said holy place； he is assured of his life； liberty； and limbs： and over this； I forbid； under pain of everlasting damnation； that no minister of mine； or any of my successors； intermeddle with any of the goods； lands； and possessions of the said persons taking the said sanctuary： for I have taken their goods and livelode into my special protection。 And therefore I grant to every； each of them； in as much as my terrestrial power may suffice； all manner of freedom of joyous liberty。 And whosoever presumes； or doth contrary to this my grant； I will he lose his name； worship； dignity； and power； and that with the great traitor Judas that betrayed our Saviour； he be in the everlasting fire of hell。 And I will and ordain； that this my grant endure as long as there remaineth in England either love or dread of Christian name。〃
This privilege of sanctuary； as far as it related to traitors； murderers； and felons； was in a great measure abolished by a statute of the 32nd Henry VIII。： and in the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth； every debtor who fled to sanctuary； to shelter himself from his creditors； was obliged to take an oath of the following tenor； viz。：… That he did not claim the privilege of sanctuary to defraud any one of his goods； debts； or money； but only for the secu