rs by sea or land； merchants who had suffered by piracy or shipwreck； or servants of the King's household； and were to be fifty years of age and upwards at their admission； except maimed soldiers； who are capable of being admitted at forty years of age。 Nor are any to be admitted who are afflicted with leprosy； or any unclean or infectious disease； or who shall be possessed of the value of 200 pounds； or 14 pounds per annum for life； or who are married men。 No poor brother to go beyond sea without the licence of six of the governors； nor to go into the country for above two months without the master's leave； and during such absence shall be allowed but two…thirds of his commons in money besides his salary； and if a brother go out and is arrested he shall have no allowance during his absence； but his place to be reserved till the governors' pleasure be known。
No brother to pass the gates of the hospital in his livery gown； or to lie out of the house； or solicit causes； or molest any of the King's subjects； under a certain pecuniary pain； and all other duties； such as frequenting chapel； decent clothing and behaviour； to be regulated by the governors。
This munificent benefactor also founded a grammar school in the Charter House； to consist of a master； usher； and forty scholars。
No scholars to be admitted at above fourteen or under ten years of age。
The scholars are habited in black gowns； and when any of them are fit for the university； and are elected； each of them receives 20 pounds per annum for eight years out of the revenues of the house。 And such boys who are found more fit for trades are bound out； and a considerable sum of money given with them。
When any of the forty boys are disposed of； or any of the old men die； others are placed in their rooms by the governors in their turns。
The master is to be an unmarried man； aged about forty； one that hath no preferment in Church or State which may draw him from his residence and care of the hospital。
The preacher must be a Master of Arts； of seven years' standing in one of the universities of England； and one who has preached four years。
The governors meet in December； to take the year's accounts； view the state of the hospital； and to determine other affairs； and again in June or July； to dispose of the scholars to the university or trades； make elections； &c。 And a committee of five at the least is appointed at the assembly in December yearly； to visit the school between Easter and Midsummer； &c。
The buildings of the Charter House take up a great deal of ground； and are commodious enough； but have no great share of beauty。 This house has pretty much the air of a college or monastery； of which the principal rooms are the chapel and the hall； and the old men who are members of the society have their several cells； as the monks have in Portugal。
The chapel is built of brick and boulder； and is about sixty…three feet in length； thirty…eight in breadth； and twenty…four in height。 Here Sir William Manny； founder of the Carthusian monastery； was buried； and here was interred Mr。 Sutton； the founder of the hospital； whose monument is at the north…east angle of the chapel； being of black and white marble； adorned with four columns； with pedestals and entablature of the Corinthian order； between which lies his effigy at length in a fur gown； his face upwards and the palms of his hands joined over his breast； and on the tomb is the following inscription：…
〃Sacred to the glory of God； in grateful memory of Thomas Sutton； Esq。 Here lieth buried the body of Thomas Sutton； late of Castle Camps； in the County of Cambridge； Esq。； at whose only cost and charges this Hospital was founded and endowed with large possessions； for the relief of poor men and children。 He was a gentleman born at Knayth； in the County of Lincoln； of worthy and honest parentage。 He lived to the age of seventy…nine years； and deceased the 12th day of December； 1611。〃
The Charter House gardens are exceeding pleasant； and of a very great extent； considering they stand so far within this great town。
I shall； in the next place； survey the free schools and charity schools。
Anciently I have read that there were three principal churches in London that had each of them a famous school belonging to it； and these three churches are supposed to be（1） The Cathedral Church of St。 Paul； because； at a general council holden at Rome； anno 1176； it was decreed； 〃That every cathedral church should have its schoolmaster； to teach poor scholars and others as had been accustomed； and that no man should take any reward for licence to teach。〃 （2） The Abbey Church of St Peter at Westminster； for of the school here Ingulphus； Abbot of Croyland； in the reign of William the Conqueror； writes as follows： 〃I； Ingulphus； a humble servant of God； born of English parents； in the most beautiful city of London； for attaining to learning was first put to Westminster； and after to study at Oxford；〃 &c。 （3） The Abbey Church of St。 Saviour； at Bermondsey； in Southwark； for this is supposed to be the most ancient and most considerable monastery about the city at that time； next to that of St。 Peter at Westminster； though there is no doubt but the convents of St。 John by Clerkenwell； St。 Bartholomew in Smithfield； St。 Mary Overy in Southwark； that of the Holy Trinity by Aldgate； and other monasteries about the city； had their respective schools； though not in such reputation as the three first。 Of these none are now existing but St。 Paul's and Westminster； though perhaps on different and later foundations。 Yet other schools have been erected in this metropolis from time to time； amongst which I find that called Merchant Taylors' to be the most considerable。
St。 Paul's School is situated on the east side of St。 Paul's Churchyard； being a handsome fabric built with brick and stone； founded by John Collet； D。D。 and Dean of St。 Paul's； anno 1512； who appointed a high…master； sur…master； a chaplain or under…master； and 153 scholars； to be taught by them gratis； of any nation or country。 He also left some exhibitions to such scholars as are sent to the universities and have continued at this school three years。 The masters are elected by the wardens and assistants of the Mercers' Company； and the scholars are admitted by the master upon a warrant directed to him by the surveyor。 The elections for the university are in March； before Lady Day； and they are allowed their exhibitions for seven years。 To this school belongs a library； consisting chiefly of classic authors。 The frontispiece is adorned with busts； entablature； pediments； festoons； shields； vases； and the Mercers' arms cut in stone； with this inscription over the door： INGREDERE UT PROFICIAS。 Upon every window of the school was written； by the founder's direction： AUT DOCE； AUT DISCE； AUT DISCEDEi。e。； Either teach； learn； or begone。
The founder； in the ordinances to be observed in this school； says he founded it to the honour of the Child Jesus； and of His blessed mother Mary； and directs that the master be of a healthful constitution； honest； virtuous； and learned in Greek and Latin； that he be a married or single man； or a priest that hath no cure； that his wages should be a mark a week； and a livery gown of four nobles； with a house in town； and another at Stebonheath （Stepney）； that there should be no play…days granted but to the King； or some bishop in person： that the scholars every Childermas Day should go to St。 Paul's Church； and hear the child…bishop sermon； and afterwards at high mass each of them offer a penny to the child…bishop： and committed the care of the school to the Company of Mercers； the stipends to the masters； the officers' salaries； &c。； belonging to the school； amounting at first to 118 pounds 14s。 7d。 1ob。 per annum； but the rents and revenues of the school being of late years considerably advanced； the salaries of the masters have been more than doubled； and many exhibitions granted to those who go to the university； of 10 pounds and 6 pounds odd money per annum。 The second master hath a handsome house near the school； as well as the first master。
The school at Mercers' Chapel； in Cheapside； hath the same patrons and governors as that of St。 Paul's； viz。； the Mercers； who allow the master a salary of 40 pounds per annum； and a house； for teaching twenty…five scholars gratis。
Merchant Taylors' School is situated near Cannon Street； on St。 Lawrence Poultney （or Pountney） Hill。 This school； I am told； consists of six forms； in which are three hundred lads； one hundred of whom are taught gratis； another hundred pay two shillings and sixpence per quarter； and the third hundred five shillings a quarter； for instructing of whom there is a master and three ushers： and out of these scholars some are annually； on St。 Barnabas' Day； the 11th of June； elected to St。 John's College； in Oxford； where there are forty…six fellowships belonging to the school。
As to the charity schools： there are in all 131； some for boys； others for girls； where the children are taught； if boys； to read； write； and account； if girls； to read； sew； and knit； who are all clothed and fitted for service or trades gratis。
I proceed in the next place to show how well London is supplied with water； firing； bread…corn； flesh； fish； beer； wine； and other provisions。
And as to water； no city was ever better furnished with it； for every man has a pipe or fountain of good fresh water brought into his house； for less than twenty shillings a year； unless brewhouses； and some other great houses and places that require more water than an ordinary family consumes； and these pay in proportion to the quantity they spend； many houses have several pipes laid in； and may have one in every room； if they think fit； which is a much greater convenience than two or three fountains in a street； for which some towns in other countries are so much admired。
These pipes of water are chiefly supplied from the waterworks at London Bridge； Westminster； Chelsea； and the New River。
Besides the water brought from the Thames and the New River； there are a great many good springs； pumps； and conduits about the town； which afford excellent water for drinking。 There are also m