london in 1731- 第5部分

On　the　south　side　of　Leadenhall　Street　also；　and　a　little　to　the　eastward　of　Leadenhall；　stands　the　East　India　House；　lately　magnificently　built；　with　a　stone　front　to　the　street；　but　the　front　being　very　narrow；　does　not　make　an　appearance　answerable　to　the　grandeur　of　the　house　within；　which　stands　upon　a　great　deal　of　ground；　the　offices　and　storehouses　admirably　well　contrived；　and　the　public　hall　and　the　committee　room　scarce　inferior　to　anything　of　the　like　nature　in　the　City。

There　is　not　one　church　in　this　ward　at　present。　　The　officers　of　the　ward　are；　an　alderman；　his　deputy；　four　common…council　men；　four　constables；　two　scavengers；　sixteen　for　the　wardmote　inquest；　and　a　beadle。

5。　　Bishopsgate　Ward　is　divided　into　two　parts；　one　within　Bishopsgate；　and　the　other　without。

The　streets　and　places　in　this　ward；　within　the　gate；　are；　all　Bishopsgate　Street；　part　of　Gracechurch　Street；　all　Great　and　Little　St。　Helen's；　all　Crosby　Square；　all　Camomile　Street；　and　a　small　part　of　Wormwood　Street；　with　several　courts　and　alleys　that　fall　into　them。

That　part　of　this　ward　that　lies　without　Bishopsgate　extends　northwards　as　far　as　the　bars；　being　the　bounds　of　the　City　freedom　on　this　side。

The　principal　streets　and　places　in　this　ward；　without　the　gate；　are；　Bishopsgate　Street；　Petty　France；　Bethlem　Court　and　Lane；　and　Devonshire　Square；　besides　which；　there　are　little　courts　and　alleys　without　number　between　Bishopsgate　Street　and　Moorfields。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Leather…sellers'　Hall；　Gresham　College；　the　churches　of　St。　Botolph；　Bishopsgate；　St。　Ethelburga；　and　St。　Helen。

London　Workhouse；　for　the　poor　of　the　City　of　London；　also　stands　in　this　ward；　just　without　Bishopsgate；　being　a　long　brick　edifice　four　hundred　feet　in　length；　consisting　of　several　work…rooms　and　lodging　rooms　for　the　vagrants　and　parish　children　brought　thither；　who　are　employed　in　spinning　wool　and　flax；　in　sewing；　knitting；　or　winding　silk；　or　making　their　clothes　or　shoes；　and　are　taught　to　write；　read；　and　cast　accounts。　　The　grown　vagrants　brought　here　for　a　time　only　are　employed　in　washing；　beating　hemp；　and　picking　oakum；　and　have　no　more　to　keep　them　than　they　earn；　unless　they　are　sick；　and　the　boys　are　put　out　apprentices　to　seafaring　men　or　artificers；　at　a　certain　age；　and　in　the　meantime　have　their　diet；　clothes；　physic；　and　other　necessaries　provided　for　them　by　the　house；　which　is　supported　by　private　charities；　by　sums　raised　annually　by　the　City；　or　by　the　labour　of　the　children；　which　last　article　produces　seven　or　eight　hundred　pounds　per　annum。

6。　　Broad　Street　Ward　contains　part　of　Threadneedle　Street；　Bartholomew　Lane；　part　of　Prince's　Street；　part　of　Lothbury；　part　of　Throgmorton　Street；　great　part　of　Broad　Street；　Winchester　Street；　Austinfriars；　part　of　Wormwood　Street；　and　part　of　London　Wall　Street；　with　the　courts　and　lanes　running　into　them。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Carpenters'　Hall；　Drapers'　Hall；　Merchant　Taylors'　Hall；　the　South　Sea　House；　the　Pay　Office；　Allhallows　on　the　Wall；　St。　Peter's　Poor；　the　Dutch　Church；　St。　Martin's；　St。　Bennet's；　St。　Bartholomew's；　St。　Christopher's；　and　the　French　Church。

The　most　magnificent　and　beautiful　edifice　of　the　kind　in　this　ward；　and　indeed　in　the　City　of　London；　is　the　South　Sea　House；　lately　erected　at　the　north…east　corner　of　Threadneedle　Street；　near　Bishopsgate　Street；　and　over　against　the　church　of　St。　Martin　Outwich。　　It　is　built　of　stone　and　brick。

The　several　offices　for　transacting　the　business　of　this　great　company　are　admirably　well　disposed；　and　the　great　hall　for　sales　is　nowhere　to　be　paralleled；　either　in　its　dimensions　or　ornaments；　any　more　than　the　dining…room；　galleries；　and　chambers　above。

7。　　Cornhill　Ward　comprehends　little　more　than　the　street　of　the　same　name；　and　some　little　lanes　and　alleys　that　fall　into　it；　as　Castle　Alley；　Sweeting's　or　Swithin's　Alley；　Freeman's　Yard；　part　of　Finch　Lane；　Weigh　House　Yard；　Star　Court；　the　north　end　of　Birching　Lane；　St。　Michael's　Alley；　Pope's　Head　Alley；　and　Exchange　Alley。

Cornhill　Street　may；　in　many　respects；　be　looked　upon　as　the　principal　street　of　the　City　of　London；　for　here　almost　all　affairs　relating　to　navigation　and　commerce　are　transacted；　and　here　all　the　business　relating　to　the　great　companies　and　the　Bank　are　negotiated。　　This　street　also　is　situated　near　the　centre　of　the　City；　and　some　say；　upon　the　highest　ground　in　it。　　It　is　spacious；　and　well　built　with　lofty　houses；　four　or　five　storeys　high；　inhabited　by　linendrapers　and　other　considerable　tradesmen；　who　deal　by　wholesale　as　well　as　retail；　and　adorned　with　the　principal　gate　and　front　of　the　Royal　Exchange。　　Here　also　it　is　said　the　metropolitan　church　was　situated；　when　London　was　an　archbishopric。

Exchange　Alley；　so　denominated　from　its　being　situated　on　the　south　side　of　this　street；　over　against　the　Royal　Exchange；　has　long　been　famous　for　the　great　concourse　of　merchants　and　commanders　of　ships；　and　the　bargains　and　contracts　made　there　and　in　the　two　celebrated　coffee…houses　in　it；　which　go　under　the　respective　names　of　〃Jonathan's〃　and　〃Garraway's；〃　where　land；　stocks；　debentures；　and　merchandise；　and　everything　that　has　an　existence　in　Nature；　is　bought；　sold；　and　transferred　from　one　to　another；　and　many　things　contracted　for；　that　subsists　only　in　the　imagination　of　the　parties。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are；　the　Royal　Exchange；　and　the　churches　of　St。　Peter　and　St。　Michael。

The　Royal　Exchange　is　situated　on　the　north　side　of　Cornhill；　about　the　middle　of　the　street；　forming　an　oblong　open　square；　the　inside　whereof　is　a　hundred　and　forty…four　feet　in　length　from　east　to　west；　and　a　hundred　and　seventeen　in　breadth　from　north　to　south；　the　area　sixty…one　square　poles；　on　every　side　whereof　is　a　noble　piazza　or　cloister；　consisting　of　twenty…eight　columns　and　arches　that　support　the　galleries　above。

The　length　of　the　building　on　the　outside　is　two　hundred　and　three　feet；　the　breadth　a　hundred　and　seventy…one；　and　the　height　fifty…　six。　　On　the　front　towards　Cornhill　also　is　a　noble　piazza；　consisting　of　ten　pillars；　and　another　on　the　opposite　side　next　Threadneedle　Street；　of　as　many；　and　in　the　middle　of　each　a　magnificent　gate。　　Over　the　Cornhill　gate　is　a　beautiful　tower；　a　hundred　and　seventy…eight　feet　high；　furnished　with　twelve　small　bells　for　chimes；　and　underneath　the　piazzas　are　capacious　cellars；　which　serve　for　warehouses。

The　whole　building　is　of　Portland　stone；　rustic　work；　above　the　arches　the　inward　piazza　is　an　entablament；　with　fine　enrichments；　and　on　the　cornice　a　range　of　pilasters；　within　entablature；　and　a　spacious　compass　pediment　in　the　middle　of　the　corners　of　each　of　the　four　sides。　　Under　the　pediment　on　the　north　side　are　the　king's　arms；　on　the　south　those　of　the　City；　and　on　the　east　the　arms　of　Sir　Thomas　Gresham。　　And　under　the　pediment　on　the　west　side　the　arms　of　the　Company　of　Mercers；　with　their　respective　enrichments。　The　intercolumns　of　the　upper　range　are　twenty…four　niches；　nineteen　of　which　are　filled　with　the　statues　of　the　kings　and　queens　regent　of　England；　standing　erect　with　their　robes　and　regalia；　except　that　of　King　James　II。　and　King　George　II。；　which　are　habited　like　the　Caesars。

On　the　south　side　are　seven　niches；　of　which　four　are　filled；　viz。：…

1。　　The　most　easterly　figure；　which　has　this　inscription　in　gold　letters；　Edvardus　Primus　Rex；　Anno　Dom。　1272。　　2。　　Westward；　Edvardus　III。　Rex；　Anno　Dom。　1329。　　3。　　Henricus　V。　Rex；　Anno　Domini　1412。　　4。　　Henricus　VI。　Rex；　Anno　Domini　1422。

On　the　west　side　five　niches；　four　of　which　are　filled；　viz。：…

1。　　Under　the　most　southerly　figures　is　subscribed　in　gold　letters；　Edvardus　IV。　Rex；　Anno　Domini　1460。　　2。　Northward　（the　crown　pendent　over　his　head）　Edvardus　V。　Rex；　Anno　Domini　1483。　　3。　Henricus　VII。　Rex；　Anno　Domini　1487。　　4。　Henricus　VIII。　Rex；　Anno　Domini　1508。

On　the　north　side　seven　niches　are　filled；　viz。：…

1。　　The　most　westerly；　subscribed　in　golden　characters；　Edvardus　VI。　Rex；　Anno　Domini　1547。　　2。　　Maria　Regina；　Anno　Domini　1553。　　3。　Elizabetha　Regina；　Anno　Domini　1558。　　4。　Is　subscribed　Serenissim　&　Potentissim'　Princip'　Jacobo　Primo；　Mag。　　Brit'　Fran'　&　Hibern'　Reg。　Fid。　Defensori；　Societas　Pannitonsorum　posuit；　A。D。　1684。　　5。　＇Greek　text　which　cannot　be　reproduced＇　Serenissimi　&　Religiosissimi　Principis　Caroli　Primi；　Angliae；　Scotiae；　Franciae　Hiberniae　Regis；　Fidei　Defensoris；　Bis　Martyris　（in　Corpore　Effigie）　Impiis　Rebellium　Manibus；　ex　hoc　loco　deturbata　confracta；　Anno　Dom。　1647。　　Restituta　hic　demum　collocata；　Anno　Dom。　1683。　　Gloria　Martyrii　qui　te　fregere　Rebelles　non　potuere　ipsum　quem　voluere　Deum。　　6。　　Carolus　Secundus　Rex；　Anno　Domini　1648。　　7。　Jacobus　II。　Rex；　Anno　Domini　1685。

On　the　east　side　five　niches；　one　of　which　is　vacant；　the　other　filled；　viz。：…

1。　The　most　northerly　contains　two　statues；　viz。；　of　King　William　and　Queen　Mary；　subscribed　Gulielmus　III。　Rex；　&　Maria　II。　Regina；　A。D。　　1688。　　S。　P。　Q。　　Londin'　Optim　Principibus；　P。　C。　1695。　　2。　Anna　Regina　Dei　Gratia　Mag。　Britan'　Franciae　&　Hiberniae；　1701。　　3。　George　I。　inscribed　Georgius　D。　G。　Magnae　Britan'　Franciae　&　Hiberniae　Rex；　Anno　Dom。　1714。　　S。P。Q。L。　　4。　　Southerly　the　statue　of　King　George　II。　in　the　habiliment　of　a　Caesar；　wreathed　on　the　head；　and　a　battoon　or　truncheon　in　his　hand；　little　differing　from　that　of　Charles　II。　in　the　centre　of　the　area；　only　in　looking　northward；　inscribed　Georgius　II。　D。　G。　Mag。　Brit。　Fra。　&　Hib。　Rex；　Anno　Dom。　1727。　　S。P。Q。L。

On　the　four　sides　of　the　piazza　within　the　Exchange　are　twenty…eight　niches；　which　are　all　vacant　yet；　except　one　near　the　north…west　angle；　where　is　the　figure　of　Sir　Thomas　Gresham。　　The　piazza　itself　is　paved　with　black　and　white　marble；　and　the　court；　or　area；　pitched　with　pebbles；　in　the　middle　whereof　is　the　statue　of　King　Charles　II。　in　a　Roman　habit；　with　a　battoon　in　his　hand；　erected　on　a　marble　pedestal；　about　eight　feet　high　and　looking　southward；　on　which　side　of　the　pedestal；　under　an　imperial　crown；　wings；　trumpet　of　fame；　sceptre　and　sword；　palm　branches；　&c。；　are　these　words　inscribed；　viz。：…

Carolo　II。　Caesari　Britannico；　Patriae　Patri；　Regum　Optimo　Clementiss