Chief of Department of Illumination; Walter D'Arcy Ryan; of the General Electric Company; Schenectady; New York; field assistant; A。 F。 Dickerson。
Ornamental details of lighting standards and fixtures; designed by J。 W。 Gosling; designs made at Illuminating Engineering Laboratories; Schenectady。
Keynote of lighting scheme … life and gaiety; without garishness。
Lighting kept subordinate to architecture; walks shaded to throw emphasis on brilliantly lighted facades and to bring out architecture; landscape and flowers。 Same lighting principle used throughout; but effect in different courts radically different。
Area of surface illuminated; 8;000;000 square feet; 2;000;000 of wall surface; and 6;000;000 of ground surface。
Number of searchlights used: 373 arc searchlights; in diameter from 13 to 36 inches; 450 small searchlights; called the 〃Mosquito Fleet〃; 250 incandescent projectors for flag lighting。
Fillmore Street Entrance
South facade of entrance; outline illumination; with bare electric lights following outlines of architecture; used elsewhere only in Zone。
Inside Fillmore Street entrance; Zone to right; brilliant lighting; outline illumination; more or less refined; exaggerated effects prohibited。
Zone; element of festivity in arches crossing street at short intervals; ribbons of turkey red suspended from each lamp give warmth and action。
Contrast of Zone lights with illumination in other parts of Exposition。
To left; Service Building; administration offices; coloring; Pinks and blue; ceiling of porch; intense blue; deepest used on grounds。
Corner of Avenue of Palms and Avenue of Progress: lights banners; towers; facades of buildings; walks; flood lights; spots of light and color。
Fairy…like effect of Avenue of Palms: towers look luminous; in early evening Italian Towers red hot; throbbing; glow stronger than Tower of Jewels; later; Tower of Jewels most brilliant spot on avenue。
Tower illumination; floods of light from searchlights; white light creates shadows; in turn illuminated by concealed colored light on various stages; on Tower of Jewels and Italian Towers。
Single light standards along Avenue of Palms; light yellow; dull points of light; contrast with white pearly light on tops of booths。
Avenue of Progress
Along Avenue of Progress: fine flag display; no direct sources of light; banners; beautiful scenes made by planting against walls and quality of green on lawn; daylight effect from luminous arcs which produce whitest artificial light in use。
Gas lights on tops of booths; emergency lights if electricity fails。
Banners and heraldic shields; designed by Ryan; banners; of early explorers and pioneers; heraldic shields related to history of California; Mexico; Central America; and Pacific Ocean。
Purpose of banners: to form beautiful lines of color; to screen eyes from direct light source; to reflect light toward buildings; and to suggest history of court。
Banners suspended; swung by wind; form moving spots of color。
Roman gateway; Palace of Varied Industries: faint light through small arches above doorway; delicate green lattice or grill work in door。
Light in doorways: appearance of life within; produced by reflectors inside palaces throwing light through glass of doors; new idea; contrast with dark windows of other expositions。
Arches of Machinery Palace: warm red glow in domes above; strong yellow through doors below。
Inner Court of Mines Leading From Palace of Machinery to Court of Ages
Illumination strongest on upper sections of wall; it becomes more subdued as it approaches flowers and lawns; and reaches lowest point on center of avenue; plan used on all avenues。
Green lattice work; filling entire main doorway; in harmony with lawns。
Single globe lamps placed against walls; only court with lights in this position。
Shell lamps; flooding walls with light; advanced method of wall illumination。
View of central fountain in Court of Ages: glow of red lights; faint shimmer in pools; steam rising to suggest the earth cooling after being thrown off by the sun。
Court of the Ages
Court of the Ages: mystery in blending of illumination from searchlights above; lack of direct illumination on court itself; steam cauldrons; with illumination; incandescent lights; gas torches in small serpent cauldrons; lanterns in arches of the arcade that burn around cloister。
Fountain of Earth in center of pool; carrying mind down the ages to correspond with architect's conception of court。
Steam rising from base of fountain; figures silhouetted in warm red glow; lighter tone of red at upper portion of ball; shimmering reflection of panels; with red background in pool at sides of fountain。
Serpent cauldrons; around edge of pool; to heighten weird effect; by the flickering of the gas lamps。
Large cauldrons at east and west entrances; effect of simmering molten liquid。
Steam used in court; obtained from twenty horse…power boiler under tower。
Main tower; only tower without direct light thrown on exterior; religious feeling; increased by candlesticks; two on each side; steam to suggest smoke drifting upward。
Reflection of tower in pool; to be seen from south。
Cathedral appearance of windows at sides of court; by illumination in warm orange tone from within。
Sunburst standards modelled in imitation of snow crystal; and resembling monstrance used in Catholic church; two at south of court; only large light sources in court; contrast with other illumination。
Two fairy lanterns in each arch around court。
Brangwyn murals lighted without glare by indirect diffusion from four corners。
Play of lights along colonnade; lighting on murals adds to apparent distance。
North Entrance to Court of the Ages
Similar treatment of lights; brighter than in central court; four star clusters; sixteen serpent cauldrons; effect heightened。
Tower; more beautiful from Marina side; note of refinement illumination in altar; shadow in two colors; created by red light illuminated by pale amber lights。
Star clusters convey to mind religious feeling in keeping with design; cathedral effect。
View of Italian Towers at sides of Court of Flowers; from north court; red glow and green columns of towers on either side of Mullgardt tower; vivid contrast。
To Court of the Universe; through Florentine Court。
Florentine Court
Florentine Court; only illumination; single lamp standards; contrast with intense light in Court of Universe; beyond。
Fine shadow effects against walls; vertical shadows of columns in arches contrasted with shadows of trees and shrubbery。
Court of the Universe
Arch of Rising Sun; light through latticed windows in arch to give faint spots of luminous color。
Illumination of main and side arches; curvature preserved and details thrown into relief by lights of different strengths and colors; concealed red light on one side and pale lemon light on other side thrown on arch。 All main arches similarly accentuated。
Urns in side arches; effect heightened by lights thrown from sides; bring out lines; red on one side; on the other pale green。
Colonnade; illuminated by three translucent shell cups sunk into central groove of each column at rear; spear of light from each shell up the grooves or fluting; pleasant glow through shells from below。 Effect of melted gold; suggesting the tongues of fire mentioned in the Scriptures。
Sculptural groups on Arches of Rising and Setting Sun; flooded with light from searchlights; creating black shadows; in turn illuminated by purple lights on top of arch。 Figures thrown into relief。
Tower of Jewels; gradual illumination; early evening; faintly lighted; later; when searchlights are turned on; tower dominates southern wall; blaze of white light; jewels sparkle like diamonds; turquoise columns; faintly colored in bright light; statues; orange color。
Star figures around court above colonnades; jewelled; each has forty…two stones; illuminated by small searchlights on opposite side of court。 Early evening; pretty effect; little jets of light from figures shoot across the court in clearly defined rays。 Later; flood of lights from columns in court above the small rays。
Fountains of Rising and Setting Sun; columns; said to be strongest light sources ever created; aggregate 500;000 candlepower sufficient to illuminate 500;000 square feet of surface; fluting of columns glazed with special diffusion glass。 For elimination of shadows caused by structure; there is diffusive glass inside。 The glare from the light source is not excessive; brilliancy low; daring illumination of entire court。
Lights under water in pools of fountains; source and reflection concealed; yellow light diffused over surface。
Figures on pedestals of balustrades mark boundary of Sunken Garden; not for illumination; but for ornament merely。
Domes of corner pavilions; north of Tower of Jewels; fine contrasts in interior; delicate blue ceiling; orange at sides。
Bear fountains at sides of Palaces of Manufactures and Liberal Arts; north of Tower of Jewels; three on each wall in flat niches; coloring; pink wall; turquoise blue; green; lights concealed under water; when water is flowing; wavering light like heat waves; niches hardly noticeable when water is not flowing。
Tower of Jewels; interior of main arch; accentuated by lights at sides above columns; no illumination on murals。
In niches at either side; Fountains of Youth and El Dorado; flood…lighted from above; no colored lights; two single lamp standards in each court; reflection of fountain figures in pools。
On the Way to the Marina
Lighting of colonnades; vivid pinks and blues。 Illumination in colonnade from lamps concealed in cups in one of the inner flutes of each column。 Notice reflections of colonnade in pool。
Column of Progress; flood light on figures on top of column by searchlights。
On the Marina
North facade of buildings; tall dark…green planting against walls; black vertical shadows; shading of lawn; flood light standards; spots of dull orange light through translucent rigid shields。 Spots of light from single globes along avenue; on water front; white lights o
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