born。 ＇20＇ And so they were； in that he uttered no lie； but they
brought me no joy。 One of them was dumb his whole life long； and the
noblest perished in the flower of his youth。 And I； crushed by these
sorrows； sent again to the god and asked him how I could live in
happiness for the rest of my days； and he answered：
〃'Know thyself； O Croesus； and happiness shall be thine。'
〃And when I heard the oracle； I was comforted。 ＇21＇ I said to myself；
the god has laid the lightest of tasks upon me； and promised me
happiness in return。 Some of his neighbours a man may know and others
not： but every one can know himself。 ＇22＇ So I thought； and in truth
so long as I was at peace I had no fault to find with my lot after my
son's death； but when the Assyrian persuaded me to march against you I
encountered every danger。 Yet I was saved； I came to no harm。 Once
again； therefore； I have no charge to bring against the god： when I
/knew myself/ incapable of warring against you； he came to my help and
saved mine and me。 ＇23＇ But afterwards； intoxicated by my wealth；
cajoled by those who begged me to be their leader； tempted by the
gifts they showered on me； flattered by all who said that if I would
but lead them they would obey me to a man； and that I would be the
greatest ruler in all the world； and that all their kings had met
together and chosen me for their champion in the war； I undertook the
generalship as though I were born to be the monarch of the world； for
I did not /know myself/。 ＇24＇ I thought myself able to fight against
you； you who are sprung from the seed of the gods； born of a royal
line； trained in valour and virtue from your youth； while II believe
that the first of my ancestors to reign won his freedom and his crown
on the self…same day。 For this dull ignorance of mine I see I am
justly punished。 ＇25＇ But now at last； O Cyrus；〃 he cried； 〃now I
/know myself/。 And tell me； do you think the god will still speak
truth？ Do you think that； knowing myself； I can be happy now？ I ask
you； because you of all men have it in your power to answer best。
Happiness is yours to give。〃
＇26＇ Cyrus answered； 〃Give me time to deliberate； Croesus。 I bear in
mind your former happiness and I pity you。 I give you back at once
your wife and your daughters （for they tell me you have daughters）；
and your friends and your attendants； they are yours once more。 And
yours it is to sit at your own table as you used to live。 But battles
and wars I must put out of your power。〃
＇27＇ 〃Now by the gods above us；〃 cried Croesus； 〃you need take no
further thought about your answer： if you will do for me what you say；
I shall live the life that all men called the happiest of lives； and I
knew that they were right。〃 ＇28＇ 〃And who；〃 said Cyrus； 〃who was it
that lived that life of happiness？〃 〃My own wife；〃 said Croesus； 〃she
shared all my good things with me； my luxuries； my softest joys； but
in the cares on which those joys were based； in war and battle and
strife； she had no part or lot。 Methinks； you will provide for me as I
provided for her whom I loved beyond all others in the world； and I
must needs send to Apollo again； and send thank…offerings。〃
＇29＇ And as Cyrus listened he marvelled at the man's contentedness of
soul； and for the future wherever he went he took Croesus with him；
either because he thought he might be useful or perhaps because he
felt it was safer so。
＇C。3＇ So for that night they rested。 But the next day Cyrus called his
friends and generals together and told some to make an inventory of
their treasures and others to receive all the wealth that Croesus
brought in。 First they were to set aside for the gods all that the
Persian priests thought fit； and then store the rest in coffers；
weight them； and pack them on waggons； distributing the waggons by lot
to take with them on the march； so that they could receive their
proper share at any convenient time。 ＇2＇ So they set about the work。
Then Cyrus called some of his squires and said：
〃Tell me； have any of you seen Abradatas？ I wonder that he who used to
come to me so often is nowhere to be found。〃
＇3＇ Then one of the squires made answer； 〃My lord； he is dead： he fell
in the battle； charging straight into the Egyptian ranks： the rest；
all but his own companions； swerved before their close array。 ＇4＇ And
now；〃 he added； 〃we hear that his wife has found his body and laid it
in her own car； and has brought it here to the banks of the Pactolus。
＇5＇ Her chamberlains and her attendants are digging a grave for the
dead man upon a hill； and she； they say； has put her fairest raiment
on him and her jewels； and she is seated on the ground with his head
upon her knees。〃
＇6＇ Then Cyrus smote his hand upon his thigh and leapt up and sprang
to horse； galloping to the place of sorrow； with a thousand troopers
at his back。 ＇7＇ He bade Gadatas and Gobryas take what jewels they
could find to honour the dear friend and brave warrior who had fallen；
and follow with all speed： and he bade the keepers of the herds； the
cattle； and the horses drive up their flocks wherever they heard he
was； that he might sacrifice on the grave。
＇8＇ But when he saw Pantheia seated on the ground and the dead man
lying there； the tears ran down his cheeks and he cried：
〃O noble and loyal spirit； have you gone from us？〃
Then he took the dead man by the hand； but the hand came away with his
own： it had been hacked by an Egyptian blade。 ＇9＇ And when he saw
that； his sorrow grew； and Pantheia sobbed aloud and took the hand
from Cyrus and kissed it and laid it in its place； as best she could；
and said：
＇10＇ 〃It is all like that； Cyrus。 But why should you see it？〃 And
presently she said； 〃All this； I know； he suffered for my sake； and
for yours too； Cyrus； perhaps as much。 I was a fool： I urged him so to
bear himself as became a faithful friend of yours； and he； I know； he
never thought once of his own safety； but only of what he might do to
show his gratitude。 Now he has fallen； without a stain upon his
valour： and I； who urged him； I live on to sit beside his grave。〃
＇11＇ And Cyrus wept silently for a while； and then he said：
〃Lady； his end was the noblest and the fairest that could be： he died
in the hour of victory。 Take these gifts that I have brought and adorn
him。〃
For now Gobryas and Gadatas appeared with store of jewels and rich
apparel。 〃He shall not lack for honour；〃 Cyrus said； 〃many hands will
raise his monument： it shall be a royal one； and we will offer such
sacrifice as befits a hero。 ＇12＇ And you； lady；〃 he added； 〃you shall
not be left desolate。 I reverence your chastity and your nobleness；
and I will give you a guardian to lead you withersoever you choose； if
you will but tell me to whom you wish to go。〃
＇13＇ And Pantheia answered：
〃Be at rest； Cyrus； I will not hide from you to whom I long to go。〃
＇14＇ Therewith Cyrus took his leave of her and went； pitying from his
heart the woman who had lost so brave a husband； and the dead man in
his grave； taken from so sweet a wife； never to see her more。 Then
Pantheia bade her chamberlains stand aside 〃until；〃 she said； 〃I have
wept over him as I would。〃 But she made her nurse stay with her and
she said：
〃Nurse； when I am dead； cover us with the same cloak。〃 And the nurse
entreated and besought her； but she could not move her； and when she
saw that she did but vex her mistress； she sat down and wept in
silence。 Then Pantheia took the scimitar； that had been ready for her
so long； and drew it across her throat； and dropped her head upon her
husband's breast and died。 And the nurse cried bitterly； but she
covered the two with one cloak as her mistress had bidden her。
＇15＇ And when Cyrus heard what Pantheia had done he rushed out in
horror to see if he could save her。 And when the three chamberlains
saw what had happened they drew their own scimitars and killed
themselves； there where she had bidden them stand。 ＇16； 17＇ And when
Cyrus came to that place of sorrow； he looked with wonder and
reverence on the woman； and wept for her and went his way and saw that
all due honour was paid to those who lay there dead； and a mighty
sepulchre was raised above them； mightier； men say； than had been seen
in all the world before。
＇C。4＇ After this the Carians； who were always at war and strife with
one another； because their dwellings were fortified； sent to Cyrus and
asked for aid。 Cyrus himself was unwilling to leave Sardis； where he
was having engines of artillery made and battering…rams to overthrow
the walls of those who would not listen to him。 But he sent Adousius；
a Persian； in his place； a man of sound judgment and a stout soldier
and withal a person of winning presence。 He gave him an army； and the
Cilicians and Cypriotes were very ready to serve under him。 ＇2＇ That
was why Cyrus never sent a Persian satrap to govern either Cilicia or
Cyprus； he was always satisfied with the native kings； only he exacted
tribute and levied troops whenever he needed them。
＇3＇ So Adousius took his army and marched into Caria； where he was met
by the men of both parties； ready to receive him inside their walls to
the detriment of their opponents。 Adousius treated each in exactly the
same way； he told whichever side was pleading that he thought their
case was just； but it was essential that the others should not realise
he was their friend； 〃for thus； you perceive； I will take them
unprepared whenever I attack。〃
He insisted they should give him pledges of good faith； and the
Carians had to swear they would receive him without fraud or guile
within their walls and for the welfare of Cyrus and the Persians； and
on his side he was willing to swear that he would enter without fraud
or guile himself and for the welfare of those who received him。 ＇4＇
Having imposed these terms on either party without the knowledge of
the other； he fixed on the same night with both； entered the walls；
and had the strongholds of both parties in his hands。 At break of day
he took his place in the midst with his army； and sent for the leading
men on either side。 Thus confronted with each other they were more
than a little vexed； and both imagined th