Might get more room and raise its lofty roofs
Far over earth； and air arise around。
For bodies all； from out all regions； are
Divided by blows； each to its proper thing；
And all retire to their own proper kinds：
The moist to moist retires； earth gets increase
From earthy body； and fires； as on a forge；
Beat out new fire； and ether forges ether；
Till nature； author and ender of the world；
Hath led all things to extreme bound of growth：
As haps when that which hath been poured inside
The vital veins of life is now no more
Than that which ebbs within them and runs off。
This is the point where life for each thing ends；
This is the point where nature with her powers
Curbs all increase。 For whatsoe'er thou seest
Grow big with glad increase； and step by step
Climb upward to ripe age； these to themselves
Take in more bodies than they send from selves；
Whilst still the food is easily infused
Through all the veins； and whilst the things are not
So far expanded that they cast away
Such numerous atoms as to cause a waste
Greater than nutriment whereby they wax。
For 'tmust be granted； truly； that from things
Many a body ebbeth and runs off；
But yet still more must come； until the things
Have touched development's top pinnacle；
Then old age breaks their powers and ripe strength
And falls away into a worser part。
For ever the ampler and more wide a thing；
As soon as ever its augmentation ends；
It scatters abroad forthwith to all sides round
More bodies； sending them from out itself。
Nor easily now is food disseminate
Through all its veins； nor is that food enough
To equal with a new supply on hand
Those plenteous exhalations it gives off。
Thus； fairly； all things perish； when with ebbing
They're made less dense and when from blows without
They are laid low； since food at last will fail
Extremest eld； and bodies from outside
Cease not with thumping to undo a thing
And overmaster by infesting blows。
Thus； too； the ramparts of the mighty world
On all sides round shall taken be by storm；
And tumble to wrack and shivered fragments down。
For food it is must keep things whole； renewing；
'Tis food must prop and give support to all；…
But to no purpose； since nor veins suffice
To hold enough； nor nature ministers
As much as needful。 And even now 'tis thus：
Its age is broken and the earth； outworn
With many parturitions； scarce creates
The little lives… she who created erst
All generations and gave forth at birth
Enormous bodies of wild beasts of old。
For never； I fancy； did a golden cord
From off the firmament above let down
The mortal generations to the fields；
Nor sea； nor breakers pounding on the rocks
Created them； but earth it was who bore…
The same to…day who feeds them from herself。
Besides； herself of own accord； she first
The shining grains and vineyards of all joy
Created for mortality； herself
Gave the sweet fruitage and the pastures glad；
Which now to…day yet scarcely wax in size；
Even when aided by our toiling arms。
We break the ox； and wear away the strength
Of sturdy farm…hands； iron tools to…day
Barely avail for tilling of the fields；
So niggardly they grudge our harvestings；
So much increase our labour。 Now to…day
The aged ploughman； shaking of his head；
Sighs o'er and o'er that labours of his hands
Have fallen out in vain； and； as he thinks
How present times are not as times of old；
Often he praises the fortunes of his sire；
And crackles； prating； how the ancient race；
Fulfilled with piety； supported life
With simple comfort in a narrow plot；
Since； man for man； the measure of each field
Was smaller far i' the old days。 And； again；
The gloomy planter of the withered vine
Rails at the season's change and wearies heaven；
Nor grasps that all of things by sure degrees
Are wasting away and going to the tomb；
Outworn by venerable length of life。
BOOK III
PROEM
O thou who first uplifted in such dark
So clear a torch aloft； who first shed light
Upon the profitable ends of man；
O thee I follow； glory of the Greeks；
And set my footsteps squarely planted now
Even in the impress and the marks of thine…
Less like one eager to dispute the palm；
More as one craving out of very love
That I may copy thee！… for how should swallow
Contend with swans or what compare could be
In a race between young kids with tumbling legs
And the strong might of the horse？ Our father thou；
And finder…out of truth； and thou to us
Suppliest a father's precepts； and from out
Those scriven leaves of thine； renowned soul
（Like bees that sip of all in flowery wolds）；
We feed upon thy golden sayings all…
Golden； and ever worthiest endless life。
For soon as ever thy planning thought that sprang
From god…like mind begins its loud proclaim
Of nature's courses； terrors of the brain
Asunder flee； the ramparts of the world
Dispart away； and through the void entire
I see the movements of the universe。
Rises to vision the majesty of gods；
And their abodes of everlasting calm
Which neither wind may shake nor rain…cloud splash；
Nor snow； congealed by sharp frosts； may harm
With its white downfall： ever； unclouded sky
O'er roofs； and laughs with far…diffused light。
And nature gives to them their all； nor aught
May ever pluck their peace of mind away。
But nowhere to my vision rise no more
The vaults of Acheron； though the broad earth
Bars me no more from gazing down o'er all
Which under our feet is going on below
Along the void。 O； here in these affairs
Some new divine delight and trembling awe
Takes hold through me； that thus by power of thine
Nature； so plain and manifest at last；
Hath been on every side laid bare to man！
And since I've taught already of what sort
The seeds of all things are； and how； distinct
In divers forms； they flit of own accord；
Stirred with a motion everlasting on；
And in what mode things be from them create；
Now； after such matters； should my verse； meseems；
Make clear the nature of the mind and soul；
And drive that dread of Acheron without；
Headlong； which so confounds our human life
Unto its deeps； pouring o'er all that is
The black of death； nor leaves not anything
To prosper… a liquid and unsullied joy。
For as to what men sometimes will affirm：
That more than Tartarus （the realm of death）
They fear diseases and a life of shame；
And know the substance of the soul is blood；
Or rather wind （if haply thus their whim）；
And so need naught of this our science； then
Thou well may'st note from what's to follow now
That more for glory do they braggart forth
Than for belief。 For mark these very same：
Exiles from country； fugitives afar
From sight of men； with charges foul attaint；
Abased with every wretchedness； they yet
Live； and where'er the wretches come； they yet
Make the ancestral sacrifices there；
Butcher the black sheep； and to gods below
Offer the honours； and in bitter case
Turn much more keenly to religion。
Wherefore； it's surer testing of a man
In doubtful perils… mark him as he is
Amid adversities； for then alone
Are the true voices conjured from his breast；
The mask off…stripped； reality behind。
And greed； again； and the blind lust of honours
Which force poor wretches past the bounds of law；
And； oft allies and ministers of crime；
To push through nights and days with hugest toil
To rise untrammelled to the peaks of power…
These wounds of life in no mean part are kept
Festering and open by this fright of death。
For ever we see fierce Want and foul Disgrace
Dislodged afar from secure life and sweet；
Like huddling Shapes before the doors of death。
And whilst； from these； men wish to scape afar；
Driven by false terror； and afar remove；
With civic blood a fortune they amass；
They double their riches； greedy； heapers…up
Of corpse on corpse they have a cruel laugh
For the sad burial of a brother…born；
And hatred and fear of tables of their kin。
Likewise； through this same terror； envy oft
Makes them to peak because before their eyes
That man is lordly； that man gazed upon
Who walks begirt with honour glorious；
Whilst they in filth and darkness roll around；
Some perish away for statues and a name；
And oft to that degree； from fright of death；
Will hate of living and beholding light
Take hold on humankind that they inflict
Their own destruction with a gloomy heart…
Forgetful that this fear is font of cares；
This fear the plague upon their sense of shame；
And this that breaks the ties of comradry
And oversets all reverence and faith；
Mid direst slaughter。 For long ere to…day
Often were traitors to country and dear parents
Through quest to shun the realms of Acheron。
For just as children tremble and fear all
In the viewless dark； so even we at times
Dread in the light so many things that be
No whit more fearsome than what children feign；
Shuddering； will be upon them in the dark。
This terror； then； this darkness of the mind；
Not sunrise with its flaring spokes of light；
Nor glittering arrows of morning sun disperse；
But only nature's aspect and her law。
NATURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE MIND
First； then； I say； the mind which oft we call
The intellect； wherein is seated life's
Counsel and regimen； is part no less
Of man than hand and foot and eyes are parts
Of one whole breathing creature。 ＇But some hold＇
That sense of mind is in no fixed part seated；
But is of body some one vital state；…
Named 〃harmony〃 by Greeks； because thereby
We live with sense； though intellect be not
In any part： as oft the body is said
To have good health （when health； however； 's not
One part of him who has it）； so they place
The sense of mind in no fixed part of man。
Mightily； diversly； meseems they err。
Often the body palpable and seen
Sickens； while yet in some invisible part
We feel a pleasure； oft the other way；
A miserable in mind feels pleasure still
Throughout his body… quite the same as when
A foot may pain without a pain in head。
Besides； when these our limbs are given o'er
To gentle sleep and lies the burdened frame
At random void of sense； a something else
Is yet within us； which upon that time
Bestirs itself in many a wise； receiving
All motions of joy and phantom cares of heart。
Now； for to see that in man's members dwells
Also the soul； and body n