war of the classes- 第4部分

At　the　shoulder　of　the　trade…unionist　is　the　socialist；　sympathizing

with　him；　aiding　him　with　head　and　hand；　suggestingperpetually

suggestingthe　necessity　for　political　action。　　As　the　JOURNAL；　of

Lansing；　Michigan；　a　republican　paper；　has　remarked：　　〃The

socialists　in　the　labor　unions　are　tireless　workers。　　They　are

sincere；　energetic；　and　self…sacrificing。　。　。　。　They　stick　to　the

union　and　work　all　the　while；　thus　making　a　showing　which；　reckoned

by　ordinary　standards；　is　out　of　all　proportion　to　their　numbers。

Their　cause　is　growing　among　union　laborers；　and　their　long　fight；

intended　to　turn　the　Federation　into　a　political　organization；　is

likely　to　win。〃



They　miss　no　opportunity　of　driving　home　the　necessity　for　political

action；　the　necessity　for　capturing　the　political　machinery　of

society　whereby　they　may　master　society。　　As　an　instance　of　this　is

the　avidity　with　which　the　American　socialists　seized　upon　the

famous　Taft…Vale　Decision　in　England；　which　was　to　the　effect　that

an　unincorporated　union　could　be　sued　and　its　treasury　rifled　by

process　of　law。　　Throughout　the　United　States；　the　socialists

pointed　the　moral　in　similar　fashion　to　the　way　it　was　pointed　by

the　Social…Democratic　Herald；　which　advised　the　trade…unionists；　in

view　of　the　decision；　to　stop　trying　to　fight　capital　with　money；

which　they　lacked；　and　to　begin　fighting　with　the　ballot；　which　was

their　strongest　weapon。



Night　and　day；　tireless　and　unrelenting；　they　labor　at　their　self…

imposed　task　of　undermining　society。　　Mr。　M。　G。　Cunniff；　who　lately

made　an　intimate　study　of　trade…unionism；　says：　　〃All　through　the

unions　socialism　filters。　　Almost　every　other　man　is　a　socialist；

preaching　that　unionism　is　but　a　makeshift。〃　　〃Malthus　be　damned；〃

they　told　him；　〃for　the　good　time　was　coming　when　every　man　should

be　able　to　rear　his　family　in　comfort。〃　　In　one　union；　with　two

thousand　members；　Mr。　Cunniff　found　every　man　a　socialist；　and　from

his　experiences　Mr。　Cunniff　was　forced　to　confess；　〃I　lived　in　a

world　that　showed　our　industrial　life　a…tremble　from　beneath　with　a

never…ceasing　ferment。〃



The　socialists　have　already　captured　the　Western　Federation　of

Miners；　the　Western　Hotel　and　Restaurant　Employees'　Union；　and　the

Patternmakers'　National　Association。　　The　Western　Federation　of

Miners；　at　a　recent　convention；　declared：　　〃The　strike　has　failed　to

secure　to　the　working　classes　their　liberty；　we　therefore　call　upon

the　workers　to　strike　as　one　man　for　their　liberties　at　the　ballot

box。　。　。　。　We　put　ourselves　on　record　as　committed　to　the　programme

of　independent　political　action。　。　。　。　We　indorse　the　platform　of

the　socialist　party；　and　accept　it　as　the　declaration　of　principles

of　our　organization。　　We　call　upon　our　members　as　individuals　to

commence　immediately　the　organization　of　the　socialist　movement　in

their　respective　towns　and　states；　and　to　cooperate　in　every　way　for

the　furtherance　of　the　principles　of　socialism　and　of　the　socialist

party。　　In　states　where　the　socialist　party　has　not　perfected　its

organization；　we　advise　that　every　assistance　be　given　by　our

members　to　that　end。　。　。　。　We　therefore　call　for　organizers；　capable

and　well…versed　in　the　whole　programme　of　the　labor　movement；　to　be

sent　into　each　state　to　preach　the　necessity　of　organization　on　the

political　as　well　as　on　the　economic　field。〃



The　capitalist　class　has　a　glimmering　consciousness　of　the　class

struggle　which　is　shaping　itself　in　the　midst　of　society；　but　the

capitalists；　as　a　class；　seem　to　lack　the　ability　for　organizing；

for　coming　together；　such　as　is　possessed　by　the　working　class。　　No

American　capitalist　ever　aids　an　English　capitalist　in　the　common

fight；　while　workmen　have　formed　international　unions；　the

socialists　a　world…wide　international　organization；　and　on　all　sides

space　and　race　are　bridged　in　the　effort　to　achieve　solidarity。

Resolutions　of　sympathy；　and；　fully　as　important；　donations　of

money；　pass　back　and　forth　across　the　sea　to　wherever　labor　is

fighting　its　pitched　battles。



For　divers　reasons；　the　capitalist　class　lacks　this　cohesion　or

solidarity；　chief　among　which　is　the　optimism　bred　of　past　success。

And；　again；　the　capitalist　class　is　divided；　it　has　within　itself　a

class　struggle　of　no　mean　proportions；　which　tends　to　irritate　and

harass　it　and　to　confuse　the　situation。　　The　small　capitalist　and

the　large　capitalist　are　grappled　with　each　other；　struggling　over

what　Achille　Loria　calls　the　〃bi…partition　of　the　revenues。〃　　Such　a

struggle；　though　not　precisely　analogous；　was　waged　between　the

landlords　and　manufacturers　of　England　when　the　one　brought　about

the　passage　of　the　Factory　Acts　and　the　other　the　abolition　of　the

Corn　Laws。



Here　and　there；　however；　certain　members　of　the　capitalist　class　see

clearly　the　cleavage　in　society　along　which　the　struggle　is

beginning　to　show　itself；　while　the　press　and　magazines　are

beginning　to　raise　an　occasional　and　troubled　voice。　　Two　leagues　of

class…conscious　capitalists　have　been　formed　for　the　purpose　of

carrying　on　their　side　of　the　struggle。　　Like　the　socialists；　they

do　not　mince　matters；　but　state　boldly　and　plainly　that　they　are

fighting　to　subjugate　the　opposing　class。　　It　is　the　barons　against

the　commons。　　One　of　these　leagues；　the　National　Association　of

Manufacturers；　is　stopping　short　of　nothing　in　what　it　conceives　to

be　a　life…and…death　struggle。　　Mr。　D。　M。　Parry；　who　is　the　president

of　the　league；　as　well　as　president　of　the　National　Metal　Trades'

Association；　is　leaving　no　stone　unturned　in　what　he　feels　to　be　a

desperate　effort　to　organize　his　class。　　He　has　issued　the　call　to

arms　in　terms　everything　but　ambiguous：　　〃THERE　IS　STILL　TIME　IN　THE

UNITED　STALES　TO　HEAD　OFF　THE　SOCIALISTIC　PROGRAMME；　WHICH；

UNRESTRAINED；　IS　SURE　TO　WRECK　OUR　COUNTRY。〃



As　he　says；　the　work　is　for　〃federating　employers　in　order　that　we

may　meet　with　a　united　front　all　issues　that　affect　us。　　We　must

come　to　this　sooner　or　later。　。　。　。　The　work　immediately　before　the

National　Association　of　Manufacturers　is；　first；　KEEP　THE　VICIOUS

EIGHT…HOUR　BILL　OFF　THE　BOOKS；　second；　to　DESTROY　THE　ANTI…

INJUNCTION　BILL；　which　wrests　your　business　from　you　and　places　it

in　the　hands　of　your　employees；　third；　to　secure　the　PASSAGE　OF　THE

DEPARTMENT　OF　COMMERCE　AND　INDUSTRY　BILL；　the　latter　would　go

through　with　a　rush　were　it　not　for　the　hectoring　opposition　of

Organized　Labor。〃　　By　this　department；　he　further　says；　〃business

interests　would　have　direct　and　sympathetic　representation　at

Washington。〃



In　a　later　letter；　issued　broadcast　to　the　capitalists　outside　the

League；　President　Parry　points　out　the　success　which　is　already

beginning　to　attend　the　efforts　of　the　League　at　Washington。　　〃We

have　contributed　more　than　any　other　influence　to　the　quick　passage

of　the　new　Department　of　Commerce　Bill。　　It　is　said　that　the

activities　of　this　office　are　numerous　and　satisfactory；　but　of　that

I　must　not　say　too　muchor　anything。　。　。　。　At　Washington　the

Association　is　not　represented　too　much；　either　directly　or

indirectly。　　Sometimes　it　is　known　in　a　most　powerful　way　that　it　is

represented　vigorously　and　unitedly。　　Sometimes　it　is　not　known　that

it　is　represented　at　all。〃



The　second　class…conscious　capitalist　organization　is　called　the

National　Economic　League。　　It　likewise　manifests　the　frankness　of

men　who　do　not　dilly…dally　with　terms；　but　who　say　what　they　mean；

and　who　mean　to　settle　down　to　a　long；　hard　fight。　　Their　letter　of

invitation　to　prospective　members　opens　boldly。　　〃We　beg　to　inform

you　that　the　National　Economic　League　will　render　its　services　in　an

impartial　educational　movement　TO　OPPOSE　SOCIALISM　AND　CLASS

HATRED。〃　　Among　its　class…conscious　members；　men　who　recognize　that

the　opening　guns　of　the　class　struggle　have　been　fired；　may　be

instanced　the　following　names：　　Hon。　Lyman　J。　Gage；　Ex…Secretary　U。

S。　Treasury；　Hon。　Thomas　Jefferson　Coolidge；　Ex…Minister　to　France；

Rev。　Henry　C。　Potter；　Bishop　New　York　Diocese；　Hon。　John　D。　Long；

Ex…Secretary　U。　S。　Navy；　Hon。　Levi　P。　Morton；　Ex…Vice　President

United　States；　Henry　Clews；　John　F。　Dryden；　President　Prudential

Life　Insurance　Co。；　John　A。　McCall；　President　New　York　Life

Insurance　Co。；　J。　L。　Greatsinger；　President　Brooklyn　Rapid　Transit

Co。；　the　shipbuilding　firm　of　William　Cramp　&　Sons；　the　Southern

Railway　system；　and　the　Atchison；　Topeka；　&　Santa　Fe　Railway

Company。



Instances　of　the　troubled　editorial　voice　have　not　been　rare　during

the　last　several　years。　　There　were　many　cries　from　the　press　during

the　last　days　of　the　anthracite　coal　strike　that　the　mine　owners；　by

their　stubbornness；　were　sowing　the　regrettable　seeds　of　socialism。

The　World's　Work　for　December；　1902；　said：　　〃The　next　significant

fact　is　the　recommendation　by　the　Illinois　State　Federation　of　Labor

that　all　members　of　labor　unions　who　are　also　members　of　the　state

militia　shall　resign　from　the　militia。　　This　proposition　has　been

favorably　regarded　by　some　other　labor　organizations。　　It　has　done

more　than　any　other　single　recent　declaration　or　action　to　cause　a

public　distrust　of　such　unions　as　favor　it。　　IT　HINTS　OF　A　CLASS

SEPARATION　THAT　IN　TURN　HINTS　OF　ANARCHY。〃



The　OUTLOOK；　February　14；　1903；　in　reference　to　the　rioting　at

Waterbury；　remarks；　〃That　all　this　disorder　should　have　occurred　in

a　city　of　the　character　and　intelligence　of　Waterbury　indicates　that

the　industrial　war　spirit　is　by　no　means　confined　to　the　immigrant

or　ignorant　working　classes。〃



That　President　Roosevelt　has　smelt　the　smoke　from　the　firing　line　of

the　class　struggle　is　evidenced　by　his　words；　〃Above　all　we　need　to

remember　that　any　kind　of　CLASS　ANIMOSITY　IN　THE　POLITICAL　WORLD　is；

if　possible；　even　more　destructive　to　national　welfare　than

sectional；　race；　or　religious　animosity。〃　　The　chief　thing　to　be

noted　h