complication。 ＇1＇ See Lloyd Morgan's book on sex。
I refer the reader to textbooks in anatomy and embryology； and to the specialists on sex like Krafft…Ebbing； Havelock Ellis and Ploss for details as to the differences between man and woman。 There are first the essential organs of generation； differing in the two sexes； the ovary furnishing the egg； the testes furnishing the seed or sperm； then the organs of sexual contact； the secondary sex characteristics； such as stature； distribution of hair； deposits of fat； shape of body and especially of the pelvis； the voice； smoothness of skin； muscular development； etc。 There is an orderly evolution in the development of sex characters which starts with earliest embryo life and goes on regularly until puberty； when there is an extraordinary development of latent characters and peculiarities。 After puberty maturity is reached by easy stages； and then comes involution or the recession of sex characters。 This is reached in woman rather suddenly and in man more gradually。 The completely differentiated man differs from his completely differentiated mate in the texture of his hair； skin； nails； in the width and mobility of pupils； in the color of his sclera； etc。； as well as in the more essential sex organs。 Indeed there are very essential bodily differences that are obviously important though not well understood。 One is that the bodily temperature of man is slightly higher than that of woman； and that he has five million red blood corpuscles to every cubic millimeter of his blood； while she has four and a half million； that his brain weighs considerably more but is not heavier proportionately； that her bodily proportions resemble those of the child…form＇1＇ more than do his； which some interpret as a point of superiority for her； while others interpret it as a sign of inferiority。 On the whole； the authorities consider that man is made for the discharge of energy at a high rate for a short time； he is the katabolic element； while woman stores up energy for her children and represents the anabolic element of the race。 ＇1＇ See Havelock Ellis。
As a corollary to the above； it is necessary to know that each human being （and also each higher animal） starts out with the potential sex organs of both sexes； and that each individual becomes sexually differentiated at about the eleventh week of intra…uterine life。 Moreover every male has female organs； and every female has male organs； though in the normal conditions these are mere vestiges and play no part in the sex life of the person。 Yet this indicates that the separation of male and female is not absolute； and logically and actually a male may have female characters； physically and mentally； and vice versa a female may resemble the male in structure and character。 The sex relations have in the racial sense reproduction as their object； but it is wise to remember that in the whole living world only man knows this； and he has known it for only a relatively short time。 Furthermore； in youth； when the sexual life is at its intensest； this fact； though known； is not really realized； and in the individual's plans and desires parenthood figures only incidentally； if at all。 Society； in its organization； places its emphasis on child…bearing； and so indirectly reproduction becomes a great social aim rather than an individual purpose。 1。 The feeling of parenthood is； as every one knows； far stronger in woman than in man。 But here again generalizations are of no use to us； since there are women who develop only a weak maternal feeling； while there are men whose intensity of response to children is almost as great as any woman's。 Undoubtedly occupation in other than the traditional woman's field is weakening the maternal feeling or is at least competing with it in a way that divides the modern mother's emotions and purposes and is largely responsible for her restless nervousness。 This I think may safely be stated： that industry； athleticism； education； late marriage； etc。； are not making for better physical motherhood。＇1＇ On the contrary； the modern woman has a harder time in bearing her children； and worst of all she is showing either a reluctance or an inability to nurse them。 Small families are becoming the rule； especially among the better to do。 On the other hand； the history of the home is the gradual domestication of the man； his greater devotion to the children and to his wife。 The increase in divorce has its roots in social issues too big to be discussed with profit here； but perhaps the principal item is the emancipation of woman who is now freer to decline unsatisfactory relations with her mate。 ＇1＇ 〃The Nervous Housewife。〃
2。 The sex passion； as a direct feeling； is undoubtedly stronger in the male； as it is biologically necessary it should be； since upon him devolves the active part in the sex relationship。＇2＇ The sexologists point out two types of sex feeling； one of which is supposed to be typically male； the other typically female。 ＇2＇ See Havelock Ellis； Krafft…Ebbing； Freud。
The male feeling is called sadism； after an infamous nobleman who wrote on the subject。 It is a delight in power； especially in cruelty； and shows itself in a desire for the subjection of the female。 In its pathological forms it substitutes cruelty for the sexual relation； and we have thus the horrible Jack the Rippers； etc。 The Freudians go to the extreme of seeing in all love of power a sadism； but the truth is that the sadistic impulse is the love of power； cruelly or roughly expressed in sex。 The cave man of the stories is a sadist of a type； and one generally approved of； at least in theory。 A little of sadism is shown in the delight in pinching and biting so often seen； and the expression 〃I'd like to eat you up〃 has a playful sadism in it。 The opposite of sadism is masochism。 This is a delight in being roughly used； in being the victim of aggression。 The typical female is supposed to rejoice in the power and strength of the male as exerted on her。 The admiration women often give to the uncouthly strong； their praise of virility； is masochistic in its origin。 The desire of the peasant woman to be beaten as a mark of man's love is supposed to be masochistic； a pleasure in pain； which is held to be a primitive female reaction。 Sex psychopathology discloses innumerable cases where extreme sadism and masochism exist in both sexes； that is； not only males but females are sadistic； and so not only females but males are masochistic。 Undoubtedly in minor degree both qualities express themselves in male and female； undoubtedly the male is more frequently a sadist than is the female。 Though the majority of women may thrill in the strength and power of the lover； there are relatively few American women who will tolerate real roughness or cruelty。 As a matter of fact the basic feelings in sex love； aside from the sexual urge itself； are tenderness and admiration。 Naturally men desire to protect； and this becomes part of their tenderness； they admire and love the beauty of women and are attracted by the essential （or supposed essential） feminine qualities。 And as naturally women desire to be protected； this enhances their tenderness； and their admiration is elicited by the peculiar male characters of strength； hardihood and aggressiveness； as well as by beauty and human qualities generally。 Though the love of conquest is a part of sex feeling； it is neither male nor female； but is that feeling of superiority and power so longed for in all relations。 Men like to conquer the proud； reserved； haughty woman because she piques them； and women often set out to 〃win〃 the reserved 〃woman hater〃 for the same reason。 Thus tenderness and sex passion； with sadism and masochism in lesser degree； are basic in sex feeling； but other qualities enter so largely that any complete analysis is almost impossible。 The belief； engendered by romance and teaching； that happiness lies in love； spurs youth on。 Admiration for achievement； love of beauty； desire for the social standing that winning some one gives； desire for home and perhaps even for children are some of the factors of love。 Sex passion varies enormously in people。 In some men it is an almost constant desire； obsessive； and is relatively uncritical and unchoosing。 Occasionally； though much more rarely； the same condition is found in women。 Such abnormal individuals are almost certain of social disaster； and when married their conduct usually leads to divorce or desertion。 Then there is a wide range of types down to the almost sexless persons；＇1＇ the frigid； who are much more commonly found among women than men。 In fact； with many women active sex desire may never occur； and for others it is a rarity； while still others find themselves definitely desirous only after pregnancy。 Not only are women less passionate； but their desire is more 〃finicky；〃 more in need of appropriate circumstances； the proper setting and the chosen mate than with man。 In other words； sex desire is more physical and urgent in the man and more psychical and selective in the woman。 ＇1＇ Some claim that the 〃frigid〃 woman is such because her mate is ignorant of the art of love。 This is true of some frigid women。 Instruction to men and women about to be married on the technique of sexual life might well take a fine place in the curriculum of life。
A curious by…product of the sexual feeling is fetichism。 To do it justice； fetichism is found in all feeling toward others； but is most developed in sex relation。 The fetich is a symbol of the desired person； thus the handkerchief and glove of the woman or the hat of the man。 Pathologically any part of the dressthe shoe or the undergarmentsmay become so closely associated with sexual feeling as to evoke it indiscriminately or even to displace it。 Normal fetich formation may become a bit foolish and sentimental but never becomes a predominant factor in sex relationship。 The history of modesty is the history of the sex taboo。 As pointed out； the sex feelings are the most restricted of any of the instincts。 I despair of giving an adequate summary of this； but it may be best stated by declaring that all the restrictions we hold as imperative have； at one time or another in some place； been regarded as sacred and desirable。 Brother a