it： and was thus answered： 〃 I lent you； indeed； my fiddle； but not my fiddle…stick； for you are to know； that every one cannot make musick with my words； which are fitted for my own mouth〃。 And so； my scholar； you are to know； that as the ill pronunciation or ill accenting of words in a sermon spoils it； so the ill carriage of your line； or not fishing even to a foot in a right place； makes you lose your labour： and you are to know； that though you have my fiddle； that is； my very rod and tacklings with which you see I catch fish； yet you have not my fiddle…stick； that is； you yet have not skill to know how to carry your hand and line； nor how to guide it to a right place： and this must be taught you； for you are to remember； I told you Angling is an art； either by practice or a long observation； or both。 But take this for a rule； When you fish for a Trout with a worm； let your line have so much； and not more lead than will fit the stream in which you fish； that is to say； more in a great troublesome stream than in a smaller that is quieter； as near as may be； so much as will sink the bait to the bottom； and keep it still in motion； and not more。
But now； let's say grace； and fall to breakfast。 What say you； scholar； to the providence of an old angler ？ Does not this meat taste well？ and was not this place well chosen to eat it？ for this sycamore…tree will shade us from the sun's heat。
Venator。 All excellent good； and my stomach excellent good； too。 And now I remember； and find that true which devout Lessius says； 〃 that poor men； and those that fast often； have much more pleasure in eating than rich men； and gluttons； that always feed before their stomachs are empty of their last meat and call for more； for by that means they rob themselves of that pleasure that hunger brings to poor men〃。 And I do seriously approve of that saying of yours； 〃 that you had rather be a civil； well…governed； well…grounded； temperate； poor angler； than a drunken lord 〃： but I hope there is none such。 However； I am certain of this； that I have been at many very costly dinners that have not afforded me half the content that this has done； for which I thank God and you。
And now； good master； proceed to your promised direction for making and ordering my artificial fly。
Piscator。 My honest scholar； I will do it； for it is a debt due unto you by my promise。 And because you shall not think yourself more engaged to me than indeed you really are； I will freely give you such directions as were lately given to me by an ingenious brother of the angle； an honest man； and a most excellent fly…fisher。
You are to note； that there are twelve kinds of artificial made Flies； to angle with upon the top of the water。 Note； by the way； that the fittest season of using these is in a blustering windy day； when the waters are so troubled that the natural fly cannot be seen； or rest upon them。 The first is the dun…fly； in March： the body is made of dun wool； the wings； of the partridge's feathers。 The second is another dun…fly： the body； of black wool； and the wings made of the black drake's feathers； and of the feathers under his tail。 The third is the stone…fly； in April： the body is made of black wool； made yellow under the wings and under the tail； and so made with wings of the drake。 The fourth is the ruddy…fly； in the beginning of May： the body made of red wool； wrapt about with black silk； and the feathers are the wings of the drake； with the feathers of a red capon also； which hang dangling on his sides next to the tail。 The fifth is the yellow or greenish fly； in May likewise： the body made of yellow wool； and the wings made of the red cock's hackle or tail。 The sixth is the black…fly； in May also： the body made of black wool； and lapt about with the herle of a peacock's tail： the wings are made of the wings of a brown capon； with his blue feathers in his head。 The seventh is the sad yellow…fly in June： the body is made of black wool； with a yellow list on either side； and the wings taken off the wings of a buzzard； bound with black braked hemp。 The eighth is the moorish…fly； made； with the body； of duskish wool； and the wings made of the blackish mail of the drake。 The ninth is the t…fly…fly； good until the middle of June： the body made of tawny wool； the wings made contrary one against the other； made of the whitish mail of the wild drake。 The tenth is the wasp…fly in July； the body made of black wool； lapt about with yellow silk； the wings made of the feathers of the drake； or of the buzzard。 The eleventh is the shell…fly； good in mid…July： the body made of greenish wool； lapt about with the herle of a peacock's tail： and the wings made of the wings of the buzzard。 The twelfth is the dark drake… fly； good in August： the body made with black wool； lapt about with black silk； his wings are made with the mail of the black drake； with a black head。 Thus have you a jury of flies； likely to betray and condemn all the Trouts in the river。
I shall next give you some other directions for fly…fishing； such as are given by Mr。 Thomas Barker； a gentleman that hath spent much time in fishing： but I shall do it with a little variation。
First； let your rod be light； and very gentle： I take the best to be of two pieces。 And let not your line exceed； especially for three or four links next to the hook； I say； not exceed three or four hairs at the most； though you may fish a little stronger above； in the upper part of your line： but if you can attain to angle with one hair； you shall have more rises； and catch more fish。 Now you must be sure not to cumber yourself with too long a line； as most do。 And before you begin to angle； cast to have the wind on your back； and the sun； if it shines； to be before you； and to fish down the stream； and carry the point or top of your rod downward； by which means the shadow of yourself and rod too； will be the least offensive to the fish； for the sight of any shade amazes the fish； and spoils your sport； of which you must take great care。
In the middle of March； till which time a man should not in honesty catch a Trout； or in April； it the weather be dark； or a little windy or cloudy； the best fishing is with the palmer…worm； of which I last spoke to you； but of these there be divers kinds； or at least of divers colours： these and the May…fly are the ground of all fly…angling： which are to be thus made：
First； you must arm your hook with the line； in the inside of it： then take your scissors； and cut so much of a brown mallard's feather as； in your own reason； will make the wings of it； you having； withal； regard to the bigness or littleness of your hook； then lay the outmost part of your feather next to your hook； then the point of your feather next the shank of your hook； and； having so done； whip it three or four times about the hook with the same silk with which your hook was armed； and having made the silk fast； take the hackle of a cock or capon's neck； or a plover's top； which is usually better： take off the one side of the feather； and then take the hackle； silk or crewel； gold or silver thread； make these fast at the bent of the hook； that is to say； below your arming； then you must take the hackle； the silver or gold thread； and work it up to the wings； shifting or still removing your finger as you turn the silk about the hook； and still looking； at every stop or turn； that your gold； or what materials soever you make your fly of； do lie right and neatly； and if you find they do so； then when you have made the head； make all fast： and then work your hackle up to the head； and make that fast： and then； with a needle； or pin； divide the wing into two； and then； with the arming silk； whip it about cross…ways betwixt the wings： and then with your thumb you must turn the point of the feather towards the bent of the hook； and then work three or four times about the shank of the hook； and then view the proportion； and if all be neat； and to your liking； fasten。
I confess； no direction can be given to make a man of a dull capacity able to make a fly well： and yet I know this； with a little practice； will help an ingenious angler in a good degree。 But to see a fly made by an artist in that kind； is the best teaching to make it。 And； then； an ingenious angler may walk by the river； and mark what flies fall on the water that day； and catch one of them； if he sees the Trouts leap at a fly of that kind： and then having always hooks ready…hung with him； and having a bag always with him； with bear's hair； or the hair of a brown or sad…coloured heifer； hackles of a cock or capon； several coloured silk and crewel to make the body of the fly； the feathers of a drake's head； black or brown sheep's wool； or hog's wool； or hair； thread of gold and of silver； silk of several colours； especially sad…coloured； to make the fly's head： and there be also other coloured feathers； both of little birds and of speckled fowl： I say； having those with him in a bag； and trying to make a fly； though he miss at first； yet shall he at last hit it better； even to such a perfection as none can well teach him And if he hit to make his fly right； and have the luck to hit； also； where there is store of Trouts； a dark day； and a right wind； he will catch such store of them； as will encourage him to grow more and more in love with the art of fly… making。
Venator。 But； my loving master； if any wind will not serve； then I wish I were in Lapland； to buy a good wind of one of the honest witches； that sell so many winds there； and so cheap。
Piscator。 Marry； scholar； but I would not be there； nor indeed from under this tree； for look how it begins to rain； and by the clouds； if I mistake not； we shall presently have a smoking shower； and therefore sit close； this sycamore…tree will shelter us： and I will tell you； as they shall come into my mind； more observations of fly…fishing for a Trout。
But first for the wind： you are to take notice that of the winds the south wind is said to be best。 One observes； that
when the wind is south； It blows your bait into a fish's mouth。
Next to that； the west wind is believed to be the best： and having told you that the east wind is the worst； I need not tell you which wind is the best in the third degree： and yet； as