er； and； as I told you； may be rather said not to be ill； than to be good meat； The Chub and he have； I think； both lost part of their credit by ill cookery； they being reputed the worst； or coarsest； of fresh…water fish。 But the Barbel affords an angler choice sport； being a lusty and a cunning fish； so lusty and cunning as to endanger the breaking of the angler's line； by running his head forcibly towards any covert； or hole； or bank； and then striking at the line； to break it off； with his tail； as is observed by Plutarch； in his book De Industria Animalium： and also so cunning； to nibble and suck off your worm close to the hook； and yet avoid the letting the hook come into his mouth。
The Barbel is also curious for his baits； that is to say； that they be clean and sweet； that is to say； to have your worms well scoured； and not kept in sour and musty moss； for he is a curious feeder： but at a well…scoured lob…worm he will bite as boldly as at any bait； and specially if； the night or two before you fish for him； you shall bait the places where you intend to fish for him； with big worms cut into pieces。 And note； that none did ever over…bait the place； nor fish too early or too late for a Barbel。 And the Barbel will bite also at generals； which； not being too much scoured； but green； are a choice bait for him： and so is cheese； which is not to be too hard； but kept a day or two in a wet linen cloth； to make it tough； with this you may also bait the water a day or two before you fish for the Barbel； and be much the likelier to catch store； and if the cheese were laid in clarified honey a short time before； as namely； an hour or two； you were still the likelier to catch fish。 Some have directed to cut the cheese into thin pieces； and toast it； and then tie it on the hook with fine silk。 And some advise to fish for the Barbel with sheep's tallow and soft cheese； beaten or worked into a paste； and that it is choicely good in August： and I believe it。 Rut； doubtless； the lob… worm well scoured； and the gentle not too much scoured； and cheese ordered as I have directed； are baits enough； and I think will serve in any month： though I shall commend any angler that tries conclusions； and is industrious to improve the art And now my honest scholar； the long shower and my tedious discourse are both ended together： and I shall give you but this observation； that when you fish for a Barbel； your rod and line be both long and of good strength； for； as I told you； you will find him a heavy and a dogged fish to be dealt withal； yet he seldom or never breaks his hold； if he be once strucken。 And if you would know more of fishing for the Umber or Barbel； get into favour with Dr。 Sheldon； whose skill is above others； and of that； the poor that dwell about him have a comfortable experience。
And now let's go and see what interest the Trouts will pay us； for letting our angle…rods lie so long and so quietly in the water for their use。 Come； scholar； which will you take up ？
Venator。 Which you think fit； master。
Piscator。 Why； you shall take up that； for I am certain； by viewing the line； it has a fish at it。 Look you； scholar！ well done！ Come； now take up the other too： well！ now you may tell my brother Peter； at night； that you have caught a leash of Trouts this day。 And now let's move towards our lodging； and drink a draught of red…cow's milk as we go； and give pretty Maudlin and her honest mother a brace of Trouts for their supper。
Venator。 Master； I like your motion very well： and I think it is now about milking…time； and yonder they be at it
Piscator。 God speed you； good woman ！ I thank you both for our songs last night： I and my companion have had such fortune a…fishing this day； that we resolve to give you and Maudlin a brace of Trouts for supper； and we will now taste a draught of your red…cow's milk。
Milk…woman。 Marry； and that you shall with all my heart； and I will be still your debtor when you come this way。 If you will but speak the word； I will make you a good syllabub of new verjuice； and then you may sit down in a haycock； and eat it； and Maudlin shall sit by and sing you the good old song of the 〃 Hunting in Chevy Chace； 〃 or some other good ballad； for she hath store of them： Maudlin； my honest Maudlin； hath a notable memory； and she thinks nothing too good for you； because you be such honest men。
Venator。 We thank you； and intend； once in a month to call upon you again； and give you a little warning； and so； good…night Good…night； Maudlin。 And now； good master； let's lose no time： but tell me somewhat more of fishing； and if you please； first； something of fishing for a Gudgeon。
Piscator。 I will； honest scholar。
The fourth day…continued
Of the Gudgeon； the Ruffe； and the Bleak
Chapter XV
Piscator
The GUDGEON is reputed a fish of excellent taste； and to be very wholesome。 He is of a fine shape； of a silver colour； and beautified with black spots both on his body and tail。 He breeds two or three times in the year； and always in summer。 He is commended for a fish of excellent nourishment。 The Germans call him Groundling； by reason of his feeding on the ground； and he there feasts himself； in sharp streams and on the gravel。 He and the Barbel both feed so： and do not hunt for flies at any time； as most other fishes do。 He is an excellent fish to enter a young angler； being easy to be taken with a small red worm； on or very near to the ground。 He is one of those leather…mouthed fish that has his teeth in his throat； and will hardly be lost off from the hook if he be once strucken。
They be usually scattered up and down every river in the shallows； in the heat of summer： but in autumn； when the weeds begin to grow sour and rot； and the weather colder； then they gather together； and get into the deeper parts of the water； and are to be fished for there； with your hook always touching the ground； if you fish for him with a float or with a cork。 But many will fish for the Gudgeon by hand； with a running line upon the ground； without a cork； as a Trout is fished for： and it is an excellent way； if you have a gentle rod； and as gentle a hand。
There is also another fish called a POPE； and by some a RUFFE； a fish that is not known to be in some rivers： he is much like the Perch for his shape； and taken to be better than the Perch； but will not grow to be bigger than a Gudgeon。 He is an excellent fish； no fish that swims is of a pleasanter taste。 And he is also excellent to enter a young angler； for he is a greedy biter： and they will usually lie； abundance of them together； in one reserved place； where the water is deep and runs quietly； and an easy angler； if he has found where they lie； may catch forty or fifty； or sometimes twice so many； at a standing。
You must fish for him with a small red worm； and if you bait the ground with earth； it is excellent。
There is also a BLEAK or fresh…water Sprat； a fish that is ever in motion； and therefore called by some the river…swallow； for just as you shall observe the swallow to be； most evenings in summer； ever in motion； making short and quick turns when he flies to catch flies； in the air； by which he lives； so does the Bleak at the top of the water。 Ausonius would have called him Bleak from his whitish colour： his back is of a pleasant sad or sea…water…green； his belly； white and shining as the mountain snow。 And doubtless； though we have the fortune； which virtue has in poor people； to be neglected； yet the Bleak ought to be much valued； though we want Allamot salt； and the skill that the Italians have； to turn them into anchovies。 This fish may be caught with a Pater…noster line； that is； six or eight very small hooks tied along the line； one half a foot above the other： I have seen five caught thus at one time； and the bait has been gentles； than which none is better。
Or this fish may be caught with a fine small artificial fly； which is to be of a very sad brown colour； and very small； and the hook answerable。 There is no better sport than whipping for Bleaks in a boat； or on a bank； in the swift water； in a summer's evening； with a hazel top about five or six foot long； and a line twice the length of the rod。 I have heard Sir Henry Wotton say； that there be many that in Italy will catch swallows so； or especially martins； this bird…angler standing on the top of a steeple to do it； and with the line twice so long as I have spoken of。 And let me tell you； scholar； that both Martins and Bleaks be most excellent meat
And let me tell you； that I have known a Heron； that did constantly frequent one place； caught with a hook baited with a big minnow or a small gudgeon。 The line and hook must be strong： and tied to some loose staff； so big as she cannot fly away with it： a line not exceeding two yards。
The fourth day…continued
Is of nothing； or of nothing worth
Chapter XVI
Piscator； Venator； Peter； Coridon
Piscator。 My purpose was to give you some directions concerning ROACH and DACE； and some other inferior fish which make the angler excellent sport； for you know there is more pleasure in hunting the hare than in eating her： but I will forbear； at this time； to say any more； because you see yonder come our brother Peter and honest Coridon。 But I will promise you； that as you and I fish and walk to… morrow towards London； if I have now forgotten anything that I can then remember； I will not keep it from you。
Well met； gentlemen； this is lucky that we meet so just together at this very door； Come； hostess； where are you ？ is supper ready ？ Come； first give us a drink； and be as quick as you can； for I believe we are all very hungry。 Well； brother Peter and Coridon； to you both！ Come； drink： and then tell me what luck of fish： we two have caught but ten bouts； of which my scholar caught three。 Look！ here's eight； and a brace we gave away。 We have had a most pleasant day for fishing and talking； and are returned home both weary and hungry； and now meat and rest will be pleasant。
Peter。 And Coridon and I have not had an unpleasant day： and yet I have caught but five bouts； for； indeed； we went to a good honest ale… house； and there we played at shovel…board half the day； all the time that it rained we were there； and as merry