huddered at the prospect of Al…Sirat； that awful bridge； narrow as a spider's thread and hanging over the furnaces of Hell； which a Mussulman must cross in order to arrive at the gate of Paradise。 He ceased to joke about Eblis； the Prince of Evil； and sank by degrees into profound superstition。 He was surrounded by magicians and soothsayers； he consulted omens； and demanded talismans and charms from the dervishes； which he had either sewn into his garments； or suspended in the most secret parts of his palace； in order to avert evil influences。 A Koran was hung about his neck as a defence against the evil eye； and frequently he removed it and knelt before it； as did Louis XI before the leaden figures of saints which adorned his hat。 He ordered a complete chemical laboratory from Venice； and engaged alchemists to distill the water of immortality； by the help of which he hoped to ascend to the planets and discover the Philosopher's Stone。 Not perceiving any practical result of their labours； he ordered； the laboratory to be burnt and the alchemists to be hung。
Ali hated his fellow…men。 He would have liked to leave no survivors； and often regretted his inability to destroy all those who would have cause to rejoice at his death； Consequently he sought to accomplish as much harm as he could during the time which remained to him； and for no possible reason but that of hatred； he caused the arrest of both Ibrahim Pasha； who had already suffered so much at his hands； and his son； and confined them both in a dungeon purposely constructed under the grand staircase of the castle by the lake； in order that he might have the pleasure of passing over their heads each time he left his apartments or returned to them。
It was not enough for Ali merely to put to death those who displeased him； the form of punishment must be constantly varied in order to produce a fresh mode of suffering； therefore new tortures had to be constantly invented。 Now it was a servant； guilty of absence without leave； who was bound to a stake in the presence of his sister； and destroyed by a cannon placed six paces off； but only loaded with powder； in order to prolong the agony； now； a Christian accused of having tried to blow up Janina by introducing mice with tinder fastened to their tails into the powder magazine； who was shut up in the cage of Ali's favourite tiger and devoured by it。
The pasha despised the human race as much as he hated it。 A European having reproached him with the cruelty shown to his subjects； Ali replied：
〃You do not understand the race with which I have to deal。 Were I to hang a criminal on yonder tree； the sight would not deter even his own brother from stealing in the crowd at its foot。 If I had an old man burnt alive； his son would steal the ashes and sell them。 The rabble can be governed by fear only； and I am the one man who does it successfully。〃
His conduct perfectly corresponded to his ideas。 One great feast…day； two gipsies devoted their lives in order to avert the evil destiny of the pasha； and； solemnly convoking on their own heads all misfortunes which might possibly befall him； cast themselves down from the palace roof。 One arose with difficulty； stunned and suffering； the other remained on the ground with a broken leg。 Ali gave them each forty francs and an annuity of two pounds of maize daily； and considering this sufficient； took no further trouble about them。
Every year； at Ramadan； a large sum was distributed in alms among poor women without distinction of sect。 But Ali contrived to change this act of benevolence into a barbarous form of amusement。
As he possessed several palaces in Janina at a considerable distance from each other； the one at which a distribution was to take place was each day publicly announced； and when the women had waited there for an hour or two； exposed to sun； rain or cold； as the case might be； they were suddenly informed that they must go to some other palace； at the opposite end of the town。 When they got there； they usually had to wait for another hour； fortunate if they were not sent off to a third place of meeting。 When the time at length arrived； an eunuch appeared； followed by Albanian soldiers armed with staves； carrying a bag of money； which he threw by handfuls right into the midst of the assembly。 Then began a terrible uproar。 The women rushed to catch it； upsetting each other； quarreling； fighting； and uttering cries of terror and pain； while the Albanians； pretending to enforce order； pushed into the crowd； striking right and left with their batons。 The pacha meanwhile sat at a window enjoying the spectacle； and impartially applauding all well delivered blows； no matter whence they came。 During these distributions； which really benefitted no one； many women were always severely hurt； and some died from the blows they had received。
Ali maintained several carriages for himself and his family； but allowed no one else to share in this prerogative。 To avoid being jolted； he simply took up the pavement in Janina and the neighbouring towns； with the result that in summer one was choked by dust； and in winter could hardly get through the mud。 He rejoiced in the public inconvenience； and one day having to go out in heavy rain； he remarked to one of the officers of his escort； 〃How delightful to be driven through this in a carriage； while you will have the pleasure of following on horseback！ You will be wet and dirty； whilst I smoke my pipe and laugh at your condition。〃
He could not understand why Western sovereigns should permit their subjects to enjoy the same conveniences and amusements as themselves。 〃If I had a theatre；〃 he said； 〃I would allow no one to be present at performances except my own children； but these idiotic Christians do not know how to uphold their own dignity。〃
There was no end to the mystifications which it amused the pacha to carry out with those who approached him。
One day he chose to speak Turkish to a Maltese merchant who came to display some jewels。 He was informed that the merchant understood only Greek and Italian。 He none the less continued his discourse without allowing anyone to translate what he said into Greek。 The Maltese at length lost patience； shut up his cases； and departed。 Ali watched him with the utmost calm； and as he went out told him； still in Turkish； to come again the next day。
An unexpected occurrence seemed； like the warning finger of Destiny； to indicate an evil omen for the pacha's future。 〃Misfortunes arrive in troops；〃 says the forcible Turkish proverb； and a forerunner of disasters came to Ali Dacha。
One morning he was suddenly roused by the Sheik Yussuf； who had forced his way in； in spite of the guards。 〃Behold！〃 said he； handing Ali a letter； 〃Allah； who punishes the guilty； has permitted thy seraglio of Tepelen to be burnt。 Thy splendid palace； thy beautiful furniture； costly stuffs； cashmeers； furs； arms； all are destroyed！ And it is thy youngest and best beloved son； Salik Bey himself； whose hand kindled the flames！〃 So saying； Yussuf turned and departed； crying with a triumphant voice； 〃Fire！ fire！ fire！〃
Ali instantly ordered his horse； and； followed by his guards； rode without drawing rein to Tepelen。 As soon as he arrived at the place where his palace had formerly insulted the public misery； he hastened to examine the cellars where his treasures were deposited。 All was intact； silver plate； jewels； and fifty millions of francs in gold； enclosed in a well over which he had caused a tower to be built。 After this examination he ordered all the ashes to be carefully sifted in hopes of recovering the gold in the tassels and fringes of the sofas； and the silver from the plate and the armour。 He next proclaimed through the length and breadth of the land； that； being by the hand of Allah deprived of his house； and no longer possessing anything in his native town； he requested all who loved him to prove their affection by bringing help in proportion。 He fixed the day of reception for each commune； and for almost each individual of any rank； however small； according to their distance from Tepelen； whither these evidences of loyalty were to be brought。
During five days Ali received these forced benevolences from all parts。 He sat； covered with rags； on a shabby palm…leaf mat placed。 at the outer gate of his ruined palace； holding in his left hand a villainous pipe of the kind used by the lowest people； and in his right an old red cap； which he extended for the donations of the passers…by。 Behind stood a Jew from Janina； charged with the office of testing each piece of gold and valuing jewels which were offered instead of money； for； in terror； each endeavoured to appear generous。 No means of obtaining a rich harvest were neglected； for instance； Ali distributed secretly large sums among poor and obscure people； such as servants； mechanics； and soldiers； in order that by returning them in public they might appear to be making great sacrifices； so that richer and more distinguished persons could not； without appearing ill…disposed towards the pacha； offer only the same amount as did the poor； but were obliged to present gifts of enormous value。
After this charity extorted from their fears； the pacha's subjects hoped to be at peace。 But a new decree proclaimed throughout Albania required them to rebuild and refurnish the formidable palace of Tepelen entirely at the public expense。 Ali then returned to Janina； followed by his treasure and a few women who had escaped from the flames； and whom he disposed of amongst his friends； saying that he was no longer sufficiently wealthy to maintain so many slaves。
Fate soon provided him with a second opportunity for amassing wealth。 Arta； a wealthy town with a Christian population； was ravaged by the plague； and out of eight thousand inhabitants； seven thousand were swept away。 Hearing this； Ali hastened to send commissioners to prepare an account of furniture and lands which the pacha claimed as being heir to his subjects。 A few livid and emaciated spectres were yet to be found in the streets of Arta。 In order that the inventory might be more complete； these unhappy beings were compelled to wash in the Inachus blankets； sheets； and