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the story of a pioneer- µÚ11²¿·Ö


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These¡¡were¡¡almost¡¡my¡¡first¡¡encouraging¡¡words£»¡¡and

the¡¡morning¡¡stars¡¡singing¡¡together¡¡could¡¡not¡¡have

made¡¡sweeter¡¡music¡¡for¡¡my¡¡ears¡£¡¡¡¡Before¡¡I¡¡could

recover¡¡a¡¡woman¡¡within¡¡hearing¡¡spoke¡¡up¡£



¡®¡®Oh£»¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Livermore£»''¡¡she¡¡exclaimed£»¡¡¡®¡®don't¡¡say

that¡¡to¡¡her£¡¡¡¡¡We're¡¡all¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡stop¡¡her¡£¡¡¡¡Her¡¡peo¡­

ple¡¡are¡¡wretched¡¡over¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡thing¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡don't

you¡¡see¡¡how¡¡ill¡¡she¡¡is£¿¡¡¡¡She¡¡has¡¡one¡¡foot¡¡in¡¡the¡¡grave

and¡¡the¡¡other¡¡almost¡¡there£¡''



Mrs¡£¡¡Livermore¡¡turned¡¡upon¡¡me¡¡a¡¡long¡¡and¡¡deeply

thoughtful¡¡look¡£¡¡¡¡¡®¡®Yes£»''¡¡she¡¡said¡¡at¡¡last£»¡¡¡®¡®I¡¡see¡¡she

has¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡it¡¡is¡¡better¡¡that¡¡she¡¡should¡¡die¡¡doing¡¡the

thing¡¡she¡¡wants¡¡to¡¡do¡¡than¡¡that¡¡she¡¡should¡¡die

because¡¡she¡¡can't¡¡do¡¡it¡£''



Her¡¡words¡¡were¡¡a¡¡tonic¡¡which¡¡restored¡¡my¡¡voice¡£¡¡

¡®¡®So¡¡they¡¡think¡¡I'm¡¡going¡¡to¡¡die£¡''¡¡I¡¡cried¡£¡¡¡¡¡®¡®Well£»

I'm¡¡not£¡¡¡¡¡I'm¡¡going¡¡to¡¡live¡¡and¡¡preach£¡''



I¡¡have¡¡always¡¡felt¡¡since¡¡then¡¡that¡¡without¡¡the

inspiration¡¡of¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Livermore's¡¡encouragement¡¡I

might¡¡not¡¡have¡¡continued¡¡my¡¡fight¡£¡¡¡¡Her¡¡sanction

was¡¡a¡¡shield£»¡¡however£»¡¡from¡¡which¡¡the¡¡criticisms¡¡of

the¡¡world¡¡fell¡¡back¡£¡¡¡¡Fate's¡¡more¡¡friendly¡¡interest

in¡¡my¡¡affairs¡¡that¡¡year¡¡was¡¡shown¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that

she¡¡sent¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Livermore¡¡into¡¡my¡¡life¡¡before¡¡I¡¡had

met¡¡Anna¡¡Dickinson¡£¡¡¡¡Miss¡¡Dickinson¡¡came¡¡to¡¡us

toward¡¡spring¡¡and¡¡lectured¡¡on¡¡Joan¡¡of¡¡Arc¡£¡¡¡¡Never

before¡¡or¡¡since¡¡have¡¡I¡¡been¡¡more¡¡deeply¡¡moved¡¡by¡¡a

speaker¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡she¡¡had¡¡finished¡¡her¡¡address¡¡I¡¡made

my¡¡happy¡¡way¡¡to¡¡the¡¡front¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hall¡¡with¡¡the¡¡others

who¡¡wished¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡the¡¡distinguished¡¡guest¡£¡¡¡¡It

was¡¡our¡¡local¡¡manager¡¡who¡¡introduced¡¡me£»¡¡and¡¡he

said£»¡¡¡®¡®This¡¡is¡¡our¡¡Anna¡¡Shaw¡£¡¡¡¡She¡¡is¡¡going¡¡to¡¡be

a¡¡lecturer£»¡¡too¡£''



I¡¡looked¡¡up¡¡at¡¡the¡¡brilliant¡¡Miss¡¡Dickinson¡¡with

the¡¡trustfulness¡¡of¡¡youth¡¡in¡¡my¡¡eyes¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡remem¡­

bered¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Livermore¡¡and¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡all¡¡great¡¡wom¡­

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disillusionment¡£¡¡¡¡Miss¡¡Dickinson¡¡barely¡¡touched

the¡¡tips¡¡of¡¡my¡¡fingers¡¡as¡¡she¡¡looked¡¡indifferently

past¡¡the¡¡side¡¡of¡¡my¡¡face¡£¡¡¡¡¡®¡®Ah£»''¡¡she¡¡said£»¡¡icily£»

and¡¡turned¡¡away¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡later¡¡years¡¡I¡¡learned¡¡how

impossible¡¡it¡¡is¡¡for¡¡a¡¡public¡¡speaker¡¡to¡¡leave¡¡a

gracious¡¡impression¡¡on¡¡every¡¡life¡¡that¡¡for¡¡a¡¡moment

touches¡¡her¡¡own£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡have¡¡never¡¡ceased¡¡to¡¡be

thankful¡¡that¡¡I¡¡met¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Livermore¡¡before¡¡I¡¡met

Miss¡¡Dickinson¡¡at¡¡the¡¡crisis¡¡in¡¡my¡¡career¡£



In¡¡the¡¡autumn¡¡of¡¡1873¡¡I¡¡entered¡¡Albion¡¡College£»

in¡¡Albion£»¡¡Michigan¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡twenty¡­five¡¡years¡¡of

age£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡looked¡¡much¡¡youngerprobably¡¡not¡¡more

than¡¡eighteen¡¡to¡¡the¡¡casual¡¡glance¡£¡¡¡¡Though¡¡I¡¡had

made¡¡every¡¡effort¡¡to¡¡save¡¡money£»¡¡I¡¡had¡¡not¡¡been

successful£»¡¡for¡¡my¡¡expenses¡¡constantly¡¡outran¡¡my

little¡¡income£»¡¡and¡¡my¡¡position¡¡as¡¡preacher¡¡made¡¡it

necessary¡¡for¡¡me¡¡to¡¡have¡¡a¡¡suitable¡¡wardrobe¡£¡¡

When¡¡the¡¡time¡¡came¡¡to¡¡enter¡¡college¡¡I¡¡had¡¡exactly

eighteen¡¡dollars¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡started¡¡for

Albion¡¡with¡¡this¡¡amount¡¡in¡¡my¡¡purse¡¡and¡¡without

the¡¡slightest¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡how¡¡I¡¡was¡¡to¡¡add¡¡to¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡The

money¡¡problem¡¡so¡¡pressed¡¡upon¡¡me£»¡¡in¡¡fact£»¡¡that

when¡¡I¡¡reached¡¡my¡¡destination¡¡at¡¡midnight¡¡and¡¡dis¡­

covered¡¡that¡¡it¡¡would¡¡cost¡¡fifty¡¡cents¡¡to¡¡ride¡¡from

the¡¡station¡¡to¡¡the¡¡college£»¡¡I¡¡saved¡¡that¡¡amount¡¡by

walking¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡distance¡¡on¡¡the¡¡railroad¡¡tracks£»

while¡¡my¡¡imagination¡¡busied¡¡itself¡¡pleasantly¡¡with

pictures¡¡of¡¡the¡¡engine¡¡that¡¡might¡¡be¡¡thundering¡¡upon

me¡¡in¡¡the¡¡rear¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡had¡¡chosen¡¡Albion¡¡because¡¡Miss

Foot¡¡had¡¡been¡¡educated¡¡there£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡was¡¡encouraged

by¡¡an¡¡incident¡¡that¡¡happened¡¡the¡¡morning¡¡after¡¡my

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on¡¡the¡¡ground£»¡¡and£»¡¡on¡¡picking¡¡it¡¡up£»¡¡I¡¡discovered

that¡¡it¡¡bore¡¡the¡¡year¡¡of¡¡my¡¡birth¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡seemed¡¡a

good¡¡omen£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡emphatically¡¡underlined¡¡by

the¡¡finding¡¡of¡¡two¡¡exactly¡¡similar¡¡pennies¡¡within¡¡a

week¡£¡¡¡¡Though¡¡there¡¡have¡¡been¡¡days¡¡since¡¡then

when¡¡I¡¡was¡¡sorely¡¡tempted¡¡to¡¡spend¡¡them£»¡¡I¡¡have

those¡¡three¡¡pennies¡¡still£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡confess¡¡to¡¡a¡¡certain

comfort¡¡in¡¡their¡¡possession£¡



As¡¡I¡¡had¡¡not¡¡completed¡¡my¡¡high¡­school¡¡course£»

my¡¡first¡¡days¡¡at¡¡Albion¡¡were¡¡spent¡¡in¡¡strenuous¡¡prep¡­

aration¡¡for¡¡the¡¡entrance¡¡examinations£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡morn¡­

ing£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡was¡¡crossing¡¡the¡¡campus¡¡with¡¡a¡¡History

of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡tucked¡¡coyly¡¡under¡¡my¡¡arm£»

I¡¡met¡¡the¡¡president¡¡of¡¡the¡¡college£»¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Josclyn¡£¡¡¡¡He

stopped¡¡for¡¡a¡¡word¡¡of¡¡greeting£»¡¡during¡¡which¡¡I¡¡be¡­

trayed¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡I¡¡had¡¡never¡¡studied¡¡United

States¡¡history¡£¡¡¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Josclyn¡¡at¡¡once¡¡invited¡¡me¡¡into

his¡¡office¡¡with£»¡¡I¡¡am¡¡quite¡¡sure£»¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡ex¡­

plaining¡¡as¡¡kindly¡¡as¡¡he¡¡could¡¡that¡¡my¡¡preparation

for¡¡college¡¡was¡¡insufficient¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡an¡¡opening¡¡to¡¡the

subject¡¡he¡¡began¡¡to¡¡talk¡¡of¡¡history£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡talked

and¡¡talked¡¡on£»¡¡while¡¡unheeded¡¡hours¡¡were¡¡born¡¡and

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the¡¡governments¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡the¡¡causes¡¡which¡¡led

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sophical¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡the¡¡different¡¡national¡¡movements

westward£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡like¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡the¡¡longest¡¡and¡¡by

far¡¡the¡¡most¡¡interesting¡¡talk¡¡I¡¡have¡¡ever¡¡had¡¡with

a¡¡highly¡¡educated¡¡man£»¡¡and¡¡during¡¡it¡¡I¡¡could¡¡actually

feel¡¡my¡¡brain¡¡expand¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡I¡¡rose¡¡to¡¡go¡¡President

Josclyn¡¡stopped¡¡me¡£



¡®¡®I¡¡have¡¡something¡¡to¡¡give¡¡you£»''¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡and¡¡he

wrote¡¡a¡¡few¡¡words¡¡on¡¡a¡¡slip¡¡of¡¡paper¡¡and¡¡handed

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me¡¡in¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡college¡¡course£¡¡¡¡¡This£»

moreover£»¡¡was¡¡not¡¡the¡¡only¡¡pleasant¡¡result¡¡of¡¡our

interview£»¡¡for¡¡within¡¡a¡¡few¡¡weeks¡¡President¡¡and¡¡Mrs¡£

Josclyn£»¡¡whose¡¡daughter¡¡had¡¡recently¡¡died£»¡¡invited

me¡¡to¡¡board¡¡with¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡made¡¡my¡¡home¡¡with

them¡¡during¡¡my¡¡first¡¡year¡¡at¡¡Albion¡£



My¡¡triumph¡¡in¡¡history¡¡was¡¡followed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡swift

and¡¡chastening¡¡discovery¡¡that¡¡I¡¡was¡¡behind¡¡my¡¡as¡­

sociates¡¡in¡¡several¡¡other¡¡branches¡£¡¡¡¡Owing¡¡to¡¡my

father's¡¡early¡¡help£»¡¡I¡¡was¡¡well¡¡up¡¡in¡¡mathematics£»

but¡¡I¡¡had¡¡much¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡of¡¡philosophy¡¡and¡¡the

languages£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡these¡¡I¡¡devoted¡¡many¡¡midnight

candles¡£



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first¡¡public¡¡speech¡¡at¡¡college¡¡was¡¡a¡¡defense¡¡of¡¡Xan¡­

tippe¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡always¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡lady¡¡was

greatly¡¡abused£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡Socrates¡¡deserved¡¡all¡¡he

received¡¡from¡¡her£»¡¡and¡¡more¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡glad¡¡to¡¡put

myself¡¡on¡¡record¡¡as¡¡her¡¡champion£»¡¡and¡¡my¡¡fellow¡­

students¡¡must¡¡soon¡¡have¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡my¡¡admiration

for¡¡Xantippe¡¡was¡¡based¡¡on¡¡similarities¡¡of¡¡tempera¡­

ment£»¡¡for¡¡within¡¡a¡¡few¡¡months¡¡I¡¡was¡¡leading¡¡the¡¡first

college¡¡revolt¡¡against¡¡the¡¡authority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡men

students¡£



Albion¡¡was¡¡a¡¡coeducational¡¡institution£»¡¡and¡¡the

brightest¡¡jewels¡¡in¡¡its¡¡crown¡¡were¡¡its¡¡three¡¡literary

societiesthe¡¡first¡¡composed¡¡of¡¡men¡¡alone£»¡¡the¡¡sec¡­

ond¡¡of¡¡women¡¡alone£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡third¡¡of¡¡men¡¡and

women¡¡together¡£¡¡¡¡Each¡¡of¡¡the¡¡societies¡¡made¡¡friend¡­

ly¡¡advances¡¡to¡¡new¡¡students£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡some¡¡time¡¡I

hesitated¡¡on¡¡the¡¡brink¡¡of¡¡the¡¡new¡¡joys¡¡they¡¡offered£»

uncertain¡¡which¡¡to¡¡choose¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡representative¡¡of¡¡the

mixed¡¡society£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡putting¡¡its¡¡claims¡¡before

me£»¡¡unconsciously¡¡helped¡¡me¡¡to¡¡make¡¡up¡¡my¡¡mind¡£



¡®¡®Women£»''¡¡he¡¡pompously¡¡assured¡¡me£»¡¡¡®¡®need¡¡to¡¡be

associated¡¡with¡¡men£»¡¡because¡¡they¡¡don't¡¡know¡¡how

to¡¡manage¡¡meetings¡£''



On¡¡the¡¡instant¡¡the¡¡needle¡¡of¡¡decision¡¡swung¡¡around

to¡¡the¡¡women's¡¡society¡¡and¡¡remained¡¡there£»¡¡fixed¡£



¡®¡®If¡¡they¡¡don't£»''¡¡I¡¡told¡¡the¡¡pompous¡¡young¡¡man£»

¡®¡®it's¡¡high¡¡time¡¡they¡¡learned¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡shall¡¡join¡¡the¡¡women£»

and¡¡we'll¡¡master¡¡the¡¡art¡£''



I¡¡did¡¡join¡¡the¡¡women's¡¡society£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡had¡¡not¡¡been

a¡¡member¡¡very¡¡long¡¡before¡¡I¡¡discovered¡¡that¡¡when

there¡¡was¡¡an¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡any¡¡kind¡¡to¡¡be¡¡secured

the¡¡men¡¡invariably¡¡got¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡While¡¡I¡¡was¡¡brooding

somberly¡¡upon¡¡this¡¡wrong¡¡an¡¡opportunity¡¡came¡¡to

make¡¡a¡¡formal¡¡and¡¡effective¡¡protest¡¡against¡¡the

men's¡¡high¡­handed¡¡methods¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Quinquennial¡¡re¡­

union¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡societies¡¡was¡¡about¡¡to¡¡be¡¡held£»¡¡and

the¡¡special¡¡feature¡¡of¡¡this¡¡festivity¡¡was¡¡always¡¡an

oration¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡simple¡¡method¡¡of¡¡selecting¡¡the¡¡orator

which¡¡had¡¡formerly¡¡prevailed¡¡had¡¡been¡¡for¡¡the

young¡¡men¡¡to¡¡decide¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡speaker¡¡and¡¡then¡¡an¡­

nounce¡¡his¡¡name¡¡to¡¡the¡¡women£»¡¡who¡¡humbly¡¡con¡­

firmed¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡this¡¡occasion£»¡¡however£»¡¡when¡¡the

name¡¡came¡¡in¡¡to¡¡us£»¡¡I¡¡sent¡¡a¡¡message¡¡to¡¡our¡¡brother

society¡¡to¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡that¡¡we£»¡¡too£»¡¡intended¡¡to¡¡make

a¡¡nomination¡¡and¡¡to¡¡send¡¡in¡¡a¡¡name¡£



At¡¡such¡¡unprecedented¡¡behavior¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡stu¡­

dent¡¡body¡¡arose¡¡in¡¡excitement£»¡¡which£»¡¡among¡¡the

girls£»¡¡was¡¡combined¡¡with¡¡equal¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡exhilaration

and¡¡awe¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡men¡¡refused¡¡to¡¡consider¡¡our¡¡nominee£»

and¡¡as¡¡a¡¡friendly¡¡compromise¡¡we¡¡suggested¡¡that¡¡we

have¡¡a¡¡joint¡¡meeting¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡societies¡¡and¡¡elect

the¡¡speaker¡¡at¡¡this¡¡gathering£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡plan¡¡also

the¡¡men¡¡at¡¡first¡¡refused£»¡¡giving¡¡in¡¡only¡¡after¡¡weeks

of¡¡argument£»¡¡during¡¡which¡¡no¡¡one¡¡had¡¡time¡¡for

the¡¡calmer¡¡pleasures¡¡of¡¡study¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡the¡¡joint

meeting¡¡was¡¡finally¡¡held£»¡¡nothing¡¡was¡¡accomplished£»

we¡¡girls¡¡had¡¡one¡¡more¡¡member¡¡than¡¡the¡¡boys¡¡had£»

and¡¡we¡¡promptly¡¡re¡­elected¡¡our¡¡candidate£»¡¡who¡¡was

as¡¡promptly¡¡declined¡¡by¡¡the¡¡boys¡£¡¡¡¡Two¡¡of¡¡our¡¡girls

were¡¡engaged¡¡to¡¡two¡¡of¡¡the¡¡boys£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡secretly

planned¡¡by¡¡our¡¡brother¡¡society¡¡that¡¡during¡¡a¡¡second

joint¡¡meeting¡¡these¡¡two¡¡men¡¡should¡¡take¡¡the¡¡girls

out¡¡for¡¡a¡¡drive¡¡and¡¡then¡¡slip¡¡back¡¡to¡¡vote£»¡¡leaving

the¡¡girls¡¡at¡¡some¡¡point¡¡sufficiently¡¡remote¡¡from¡¡col¡­

lege¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡discovered¡¡the¡¡plot£»¡¡however£»¡¡in¡¡time¡¡to

thwart¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡last£»¡¡when¡¡nothing¡¡but¡¡the¡¡un¡­

precedented¡¡tie¡­up¡¡had¡¡been¡¡discussed¡¡for¡¡months£»

the¡¡boys¡¡suddenly¡¡gave¡¡up¡¡their¡¡candidate¡¡and

nominated¡¡me¡¡for¡¡orator¡£



This¡¡was¡¡not¡¡at¡¡all¡¡what¡¡I¡¡wanted£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡immedi¡­

ately¡¡declined¡¡to¡¡serve¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡girls¡¡then¡¡nominated

the¡¡young¡¡man¡¡who¡¡had¡¡been¡¡first¡¡choice¡¡of¡¡our

brother¡¡society£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡haughtily¡¡refused¡¡to¡¡accept

the¡¡compliment¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡reunion¡¡was¡¡only¡¡a¡¡fortnight

away£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡programme¡¡had¡¡not¡¡been¡¡printed£»¡¡so

now¡¡the¡¡president¡¡took¡¡the¡¡situation¡¡in¡¡hand¡¡and

peremptorily¡¡ordered¡¡me¡¡to¡¡accept¡¡the¡¡nomination

or¡¡be¡¡suspended¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡was¡¡a¡¡wholly¡¡unexpected

boomerang¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡had¡¡wished¡¡to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡good¡¡fight¡¡for

equal¡¡rights¡¡for¡¡the¡¡girls£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡impress¡¡the¡¡boys

with¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡of¡¡ou
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