RULED： 〃WE PROHIBIT LAYMEN POSSESSING COPIES OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT。 。
。 。 WE FORBID THEM MOST SEVERELY TO HAVE THE ABOVE BOOKS IN THE POPULAR
VERNACULAR。〃 〃THE LORDS OF THE DISTRICTS SHALL CAREFULLY SEEK OUT THE
HERETICS IN DWELLINGS； HOVELS； AND FORESTS； AND EVEN THEIR UNDERGROUND
RETREATS SHALL BE ENTIRELY WIPED OUT。〃COUNCIL。 TOLOSANUM； POPE GREGORY IX；
ANNO。 CHR。 1229。 CANONS 14 AND 2。 THIS COUNCIL SAT AT THE TIME OF THE
CRUSADE AGAINST THE ALBIGENSES。
〃THIS PEST ＇THE BIBLE＇ HAD TAKEN SUCH AN EXTENSION THAT SOME PEOPLE HAD
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APPOINTED PRIESTS OF THEIR OWN； AND EVEN SOME EVANGELISTS WHO DISTORTED AND
DESTROYED THE TRUTH OF THE GOSPEL AND MADE NEW GOSPELS FOR THEIR OWN PURPOSE
。 。 。 （THEY KNOW THAT） THE PREACHING AND EXPLANATION OF THE BIBLE IS
ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN TO THE LAY MEMBERS。〃ACTS OF INQUISITION； PHILIP VAN
LIMBORCH； HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION； CHAPTER 8。
THE COUNCIL OF TARRAGONA； 1234； RULED THAT： 〃NO ONE MAY POSSESS THE BOOKS OF
THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS IN THE ROMANCE LANGUAGE； AND IF ANYONE POSSESSES
THEM HE MUST TURN THEM OVER TO THE LOCAL BISHOP WITHIN EIGHT DAYS AFTER
PROMULGATION OF THIS DECREE； SO THAT THEY MAY BE BURNED LEST； BE HE A CLERIC
OR A LAYMAN； HE BE SUSPECTED UNTIL HE IS CLEARED OF ALL SUSPICION。〃D。
LORTSCH； HISTOIRE DE LA BIBLE EN FRANCE； 1910； P。 14。
AT THE COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE； IN 1415； WYCLIFFE WAS POSTHUMOUSLY CONDEMNED BY
ARUNDEL； THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY； AS 〃THAT PESTILENT WRETCH OF DAMNABLE
HERESY WHO INVENTED A NEW TRANSLATION OF THE SCRIPTURES IN HIS MOTHER
TONGUE。〃
THE OPPOSITION TO THE BIBLE BY THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH HAS CONTINUED
THROUGH THE CENTURIES AND WAS INCREASED PARTICULARLY AT THE TIME OF THE
FOUNDING OF BIBLE SOCIETIES。 ON DECEMBER 8； 1866； POPE PIUS IX； IN HIS
ENCYCLICAL QUANTA CURA； ISSUED A SYLLABUS OF EIGHTY ERRORS UNDER TEN
DIFFERENT HEADINGS。 UNDER HEADING IV WE FIND LISTED： 〃SOCIALISM； COMMUNISM；
CLANDESTINE SOCIETIES； BIBLE SOCIETIES。 。 。 。 PESTS OF THIS SORT MUST BE
DESTROYED BY ALL POSSIBLE MEANS。〃
PAGE 276。 THE REIGN OF TERROR。FOR A RELIABLE； BRIEF INTRODUCTION INTO THE
HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION SEE L。 GERSHOY； THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
（1932）； G。 LEFEBVRE； THE COMING OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION （PRINCETON； 1947）；
AND H。 VON SYBEL； HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION （1869）； 4 VOLS。
THE MONITEUR OFFICIEL WAS THE GOVERNMENT PAPER AT THE TIME OF THE REVOLUTION
AND IS A PRIMARY SOURCE； CONTAINING A FACTUAL ACCOUNT OF ACTIONS TAKEN BY
THE ASSEMBLIES； FULL TEXTS OF THE DOCUMENTS； ETC。 IT HAS BEEN REPRINTED。 SEE
ALSO A。 AULARD； CHRISTIANITY AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION （LONDON； 1927）； IN
WHICH THE ACCOUNT IS CARRIED THROUGH
1802AN EXCELLENT STUDY； W。 H。 JERVIS； THE GALLICAN CHURCH AND THE
REVOLUTION （LONDON； 1882）； A CAREFUL WORK BY AN ANGLICAN； BUT SHOWS
PREFERENCE FOR CATHOLICISM。
ON THE RELATION OF CHURCH AND STATE IN FRANCE DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
SEE HENRY H。 WALSH； THE CONCORDATE OF 1801： A STUDY OF NATIONALISM IN
RELATION TO CHURCH AND STATE （NEW YORK； 1933）； CHARLES LEDRE； L'ENGLISE DE
FRANCE SOULS LA REVOLUTION （PARIS； 1949）。
SOME CONTEMPORARY STUDIES ON THE RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE OF THE REVOLUTION
ARE G。 CHAIS DE SOURCESOL； LE LIVRE DES MANIFESTES （AVIGNON； 1800）； IN WHICH
THE AUTHOR ENDEAVORED TO ASCERTAIN THE CAUSES OF THE UPHEAVAL； AND ITS
RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE； ETC。； JAMES BICHENO； THE SIGNS OF THE TIMES （LONDON；
1794）； JAMES WINTHROP； A SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF SEVERAL SCRIPTURE
PROPHECIES RELATING TO ANTICHRIST； WITH THEIR APPLICATION TO THE COURSE OF
HISTORY
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（BOSTON； 1795）； AND LATHROP； THE PROPHECY OF DANIEL RELATING TO THE TIME OF
THE END （SPRINGFIELD； MASSACHUSETTS； 1811）。
FOR THE CHURCH DURING THE REVOLUTION SEE W。 M。 SLOAN； THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
AND RELIGIOUS REFORM （1901）； P。 F。 LA GORCE； HISTOIRE RELIGIEUSE DE LA
REVOLUTION （PARIS； 1909）。
ON RELATIONS WITH THE PAPACY SEE G。 BOURGIN； LA FRANCE ET ROME DE
1788…1797 （PARIS； 1808）； BASED ON SECRET FILES IN THE VATICAN； A。
LATREILLE； L' EGLISE CATHOLIQUE ET LA REVOLUTION （PARIS； 1950）； ESPECIALLY
INTERESTING ON PIUS VI AND THE RELIGIOUS CRISIS； 1775…1799。
FOR PROTESTANTS DURING THE REVOLUTION； SEE PRESSENSE （ED。）； THE REIGN OF
TERROR （CINCINNATI； 1869）。
PAGE 280。 THE MASSES AND THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES。ON SOCIAL CONDITIONS
PREVAILING IN FRANCE PRIOR TO THE PERIOD OF THE REVOLUTION； SEE H。 VON
HOLST； LOWELL LECTURES ON THE FRENCH REVOLUTION； LECTURE 1； ALSO TAINE；
ANCIEN REGIME； AND A。 YOUNG； TRAVELS IN FRANCE。
PAGE 283。 RETRIBUTION。FOR FURTHER DETAILS CONCERNING THE RETRIBUTIVE
CHARACTER OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION SEE THOS。 H。 GILL； THE PAPAL DRAMA； B。
10； EDMOND DE PRESSENSE； THE CHURCH AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION； B。 3； CH。 1。
PAGE 284。 THE ATROCITIES OF THE REIGN OF TERROR。SEE M。 A。 THIERS； HISTORY
OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION； VOL。 3； PP。 42…44； 62…74； 106 （NEW YORK； 1890；
TRANSLATED BY F。 SHOBERL）； F。 A。 MIGNET； HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION；
CH。 9； PAR。 1 （BOHN； 1894）； A。 ALISON； HISTORY OF EUROPE； 1789…1815； VOL。 1；
CH。 14 （NEW YORK； 1872； VOL。 1； PP。 293…312）。
PAGE 287。 THE CIRCULATION OF THE SCRIPTURES。IN 1804； ACCORDING TO MR。
WILLIAM CANTON OF THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY； 〃ALL THE BIBLES
EXTANT IN THE WORLD； IN MANUSCRIPT OR IN PRINT； COUNTING EVERY VERSION IN
EVERY LAND； WERE COMPUTED AT NOT MANY MORE THAN FOUR MILLIONS。 。 。 。 THE
VARIOUS LANGUAGES IN WHICH THOSE FOUR MILLIONS WERE WRITTEN； INCLUDING SUCH
BYGONE SPEECH AS THE MOESO…GOTHIC OF ULFILAS AND THE ANGLO…SAXON OF BEDE；
ARE SET DOWN AS NUMBERING ABOUT FIFTY。〃WHAT IS THE BIBLE SOCIETY？ REV。
ED。； 1904； P。 23。
THE AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY REPORTED A DISTRIBUTION FROM 1816 THROUGH
1955 OF 481；149；365 BIBLES； TESTAMENTS； AND PORTIONS OF TESTAMENTS。 TO THIS
MAY BE ADDED OVER 600；000；000 BIBLES OR SCRIPTURE PORTIONS DISTRIBUTED BY
THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY。 DURING THE YEAR 1955 ALONE THE
AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY DISTRIBUTED A GRAND TOTAL OF 23；819；733 BIBLES；
TESTAMENTS； AND PORTIONS OF TESTAMENTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD。
THE SCRIPTURES； IN WHOLE OR IN PART； HAVE BEEN PRINTED； AS OF DECEMBER；
1955； IN 1；092 LANGUAGES； AND NEW LANGUAGES ARE CONSTANTLY BEING ADDED。
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PAGE 288。 FOREIGN MISSIONS。THE MISSIONARY ACTIVITY OF THE EARLY CHRISTIAN
CHURCH HAS NOT BEEN DUPLICATED UNTIL MODERN TIMES。 IT HAD VIRTUALLY DIED OUT
BY THE YEAR 1000； AND WAS SUCCEEDED BY THE MILITARY CAMPAIGNS OF THE
CRUSADES。 THE REFORMATION ERA SAW LITTLE FOREIGN MISSION WORK； EXCEPT ON THE
PART OF THE EARLY JESUITS。 THE PIETISTIC REVIVAL PRODUCED SOME MISSIONARIES。
THE WORK OF THE MORAVIAN CHURCH IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY WAS REMARKABLE；
AND THERE WERE SOME MISSIONARY SOCIETIES FORMED BY THE BRITISH FOR WORK IN
COLONIZED NORTH AMERICA。 BUT THE GREAT RESURGENCE OF FOREIGN MISSIONARY
ACTIVITY BEGINS AROUND THE YEAR 1800； AT 〃THE TIME OF THE END。〃 DANIEL 12：4。
IN 1792 WAS FORMED THE BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY； WHICH SENT CAREY TO
INDIA。 IN 1795 THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY WAS ORGANIZED； AND ANOTHER
SOCIETY IN 1799 WHICH IN 1812 BECAME THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY。 SHORTLY
AFTERWARD THE WESLEYAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY WAS FOUNDED。 IN THE UNITED STATES
THE AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS WAS FORMED IN 1812；
AND ADONIRAM JUDSON WAS SENT OUT THAT YEAR TO CALCUTTA。 HE ESTABLISHED
HIMSELF IN BURMA THE NEXT YEAR。 IN 1814 THE AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSIONARY
UNION WAS FORMED。 THE PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS WAS FORMED IN
1837。
〃IN A。D。 1800； 。 。 。 THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF CHRISTIANS WERE THE
DESCENDANTS OF THOSE WHO HAD BEEN WON BEFORE A。D。 1500。 。 。 。 NOW； IN THE
NINETEENTH CENTURY； CAME A FURTHER EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY。 NOT SO MANY
CONTINENTS OR MAJOR COUNTRIES WERE ENTERED FOR THE FIRST TIME AS IN THE
PRECEDING THREE CENTURIES。 THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN IMPOSSIBLE； FOR ON ALL THE
LARGER LAND MASSES OF THE EARTH EXCEPT AUSTRALIA AND AMONG ALL THE MORE
NUMEROUS PEOPLES AND IN ALL THE AREAS OF HIGH CIVILIZATION CHRISTIANITY HAD
BEEN INTRODUCED BEFORE A。D。 1800。 WHAT NOW OCCURRED WAS THE ACQUISITION OF
FRESH FOOTHOLDS IN REGIONS AND AMONG PEOPLES ALREADY TOUCHED； AN EXPANSION
OF UNPRECEDENTED EXTENT FROM BOTH THE NEWER BASES AND THE OLDER ONES； AND
THE ENTRANCE OF CHRISTIANITY INTO THE LARGE MAJORITY OF SUCH COUNTRIES；
ISLANDS； PEOPLES； AND TRIBES AS HAD PREVIOUSLY NOT BEEN TOUCHED。 。 。 。
〃THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY WAS DUE PRIMARILY TO A NEW
BURST OF RELIGIOUS LIFE EMANATING FROM THE CHRISTIAN IMPULSE。 。 。 。 NEVER IN
ANY CORRESPONDING LENGTH OF TIME HAD THE CHRISTIAN IMPULSE GIVEN RISE TO SO
MANY NEW MOVEMENTS。 NEVER HAD IT HAD QUITE SO GREAT AN EFFECT UPON WESTERN
EUROPEAN PEOPLES。 IT WAS FROM THIS ABOUNDING VIGOR THAT THERE ISSUED THE
MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE WHICH DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SO AUGMENTED THE
NUMERICAL STRENGTH AND THE INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY。〃KENNETH SCOTT
LATOURETTE； A HISTORY OF THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY； VOL。 IV； THE GREAT
CENTURY A。D。 1800…A。D。 1914 （NEW YORK： HARPER & BROTHERS； 1941）； PP。 2…4。
PAGES 327； 329。 PROPHETIC DATES。ACCORDING TO JEWISH RECKONING THE FIFTH
MONTH （AB） OF THE SEVENTH YEAR OF ARTAXERXES' REIGN WAS FROM JULY 23 TO
AUGUST 21； 457 B。C。 AFTER EZRA'S ARRIVAL IN JERUSALEM IN THE AUTUMN OF THE
YEAR； THE DECREE OF THE KING WENT INTO EFFECT。 FOR THE CERTAINTY OF THE DATE
457 B。C。 BEING THE SEVENTH YEAR OF ARTAXERXES； SEE S。 H。 HORN AND L。 H。
WOOD； THE
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CHRONOLOGY OF EZRA 7 （WASHINGTON； D。 C。： REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN。；
1953）； E。 G。 KRAELING； THE BROOKLYN MUSEUM ARAMAIC PAPYRI （NEW HAVEN OR
LONDON； 1953）； PP。 191…193； THE SEVENTH…DAY ADVENTIST BIBLE COMMENTARY
（WASHINGTON； D。C。： REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN。； 1954）； VOL。 3； PP。
97…110。
PAGE 335。 FALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE。THE IMPACT OF MOSLEM TURKEY UPON
EUROPE AFTER THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE IN 1453 WAS AS SEVERE AS HAD BEEN
THE CATASTROPHIC CONQUESTS OF THE MOSLEM SARACENS； DURING THE CENTURY AND A
HALF AFTER THE DEATH OF MOHAMMED； UPON THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE。 THROUGHOUT
THE REFORMATION ERA； TURKEY WAS A CONTINUAL THREAT AT THE EASTERN GATES OF
EUROP