saw him last； this child； with whom I became very intimate； never once put to me any of the questions thus interdicted。
Chapter IX。
It was not for some time； and until； by repeated trances； if they are to be so called； my mind became better prepared to interchange ideas with my entertainers； and more fully to comprehend differences of manners and customs； at first too strange to my experience to be seized by my reason； that I was enabled to gather the following details respecting the origin and history of the subterranean population； as portion of one great family race called the Ana。
According to the earliest traditions； the remote progenitors of the race had once tenanted a world above the surface of that in which their descendants dwelt。 Myths of that world were still preserved in their archives； and in those myths were legends of a vaulted dome in which the lamps were lighted by no human hand。 But such legends were considered by most commentators as allegorical fables。 According to these traditions the earth 32itself； at the date to which the traditions ascend； was not indeed in its infancy； but in the throes and travail of transition from one form of development to another； and subject to many violent revolutions of nature。 By one of such revolutions； that portion of the upper world inhabited by the ancestors of this race had been subjected to inundations； not rapid； but gradual and uncontrollable； in which all； save a scanty remnant； were submerged and perished。 Whether this be a record of our historical and sacred Deluge； or of some earlier one contended for by geologists； I do not pretend to conjecture； though； according to the chronology of this people as compared with that of Newton； it must have been many thousands of years before the time of Noah。 On the other hand； the account of these writers does not harmonise with the opinions most in vogue among geological authorities； inasmuch as it places the existence of a human race upon earth at dates long anterior to that assigned to the terrestrial formation adapted to the introduction of mammalia。 A band of the ill…fated race； thus invaded by the Flood； had； during the march of the waters； taken refuge in caverns amidst the loftier rocks； and； wandering through these hollows； they lost sight of the upper world forever。 Indeed； the whole face of the earth had been changed by this great revulsion； land had been turned into sea… sea into land。 In the bowels of the inner earth； even now； I was informed as a positive fact； might be discovered the remains of human habitation… habitation not in huts and caverns； but in vast cities whose ruins attest the civilisation of races which flourished before the age of Noah； and are not to be classified with those genera to which philosophy ascribes the use of flint and the ignorance of iron。
The fugitives had carried with them the knowledge of the arts they had practised above ground… arts of culture and civilisation。 Their earliest want must have been that of supplying below the earth the light they had lost above it； and at no time； even in the traditional period； do the races； of which the one I now sojourned with formed a tribe； seem to have 33been unacquainted with the art of extracting light from gases； or manganese； or petroleum。 They had been accustomed in their former state to contend with the rude forces of nature； and indeed the lengthened battle they had fought with their conqueror Ocean； which had taken centuries in its spread； had quickened their skill in curbing waters into dikes and channels。 To this skill they owed their preservation in their new abode。 〃For many generations；〃 said my host； with a sort of contempt and horror； 〃these primitive forefathers are said to have degraded their rank and shortened their lives by eating the flesh of animals； many varieties of which had； like themselves； escaped the Deluge； and sought shelter in the hollows of the earth； other animals； supposed to be unknown to the upper world； those hollows themselves produced。〃
When what we should term the historical age emerged from the twilight of tradition； the Ana were already established in different communities； and had attained to a degree of civilisation very analogous to that which the more advanced nations above the earth now enjoy。 They were familiar with most of our mechanical inventions； including the application of steam as well as gas。 The communities were in fierce competition with each other。 They had their rich and their poor； they had orators and conquerors； they made war either for a domain or an idea。 Though the various states acknowledged various forms of government； free institutions were beginning to preponderate； popular assemblies increased in power； republics soon became general； the democracy to which the most enlightened European politicians look forward as the extreme goal of political advancement； and which still prevailed among other subterranean races； whom they despised as barbarians； the loftier family of Ana； to which belonged the tribe I was visiting； looked back to as one of the crude and ignorant experiments which belong to the infancy of political science。 It was the age of envy and hate； of fierce passions； of 34constant social changes more or less violent； of strife between classes； of war between state and state。 This phase of society lasted； however； for some ages； and was finally brought to a close； at least among the nobler and more intellectual populations； by the gradual discovery of the latent powers stored in the all…permeating fluid which they denominate Vril。
According to the account I received from Zee； who； as an erudite professor of the College of Sages； had studied such matters more diligently than any other member of my host's family； this fluid is capable of being raised and disciplined into the mightiest agency over all forms of matter； animate or inanimate。 It can destroy like the flash of lightning； yet； differently applied； it can replenish or invigorate life； heal； and preserve； and on it they chiefly rely for the cure of disease； or rather for enabling the physical organisation to re…establish the due equilibrium of its natural powers； and thereby to cure itself。 By this agency they rend way through the most solid substances； and open valleys for culture through the rocks of their subterranean wilderness。 From it they extract the light which supplies their lamps； finding it steadier； softer； and healthier than the other inflammable materials they had formerly used。
But the effects of the alleged discovery of the means to direct the more terrible force of vril were chiefly remarkable in their influence upon social polity。 As these effects became familiarly known and skillfully administered； war between the vril…discoverers ceased； for they brought the art of destruction to such perfection as to annul all superiority in numbers； discipline； or military skill。 The fire lodged in the hollow of a rod directed by the hand of a child could shatter the strongest fortress； or cleave its burning way from the van to the rear of an embattled host。 If army met army； and both had command of this agency； it could be but to the annihilation of each。 The age of war was therefore gone； but with the 35cessation of war other effects bearing upon the social state soon became apparent。 Man was so completely at the mercy of man； each whom he encountered being able； if so willing； to slay him on the instant； that all notions of government by force gradually vanished from political systems and forms of law。 It is only by force that vast communities； dispersed through great distances of space； can be kept together； but now there was no longer either the necessity of self…preservation or the pride of aggrandisement to make one state desire to preponderate in population over another。
The Vril…discoverers thus； in the course of a few generations； peacefully split into communities of moderate size。 The tribe amongst which I had fallen was limited to 12；000 families。 Each tribe occupied a territory sufficient for all its wants； and at stated periods the surplus population departed to seek a realm of its own。 There appeared no necessity for any arbitrary selection of these emigrants； there was always a sufficient number who volunteered to depart。
These subdivided states； petty if we regard either territory or population；… all appertained to one vast general family。 They spoke the same language； though the dialects might slightly differ。 They intermarried； They maintained the same general laws and customs； and so important a bond between these several communities was the knowledge of vril and the practice of its agencies； that the word A…Vril was synonymous with civilisation； and Vril…ya； signifying 〃The Civilised Nations；〃 was the common name by which the communities employing the uses of vril distinguished themselves from such of the Ana as were yet in a state of barbarism。
The government of the tribe of Vril…ya I am treating of was apparently very complicated； really very simple。 It was based upon a principle recognised in theory； though little carried out in practice； above ground… viz。； that the object of all systems of philosophical thought tends to the attainment of unity； or the ascent through all intervening labyrinths to the simplicity of a single first cause or principle。 Thus in 36politics； even republican writers have agreed that a benevolent autocracy would insure the best administration； if there were any guarantees for its continuance； or against its gradual abuse of the powers accorded to it。 This singular community elected therefore a single supreme magistrate styled Tur； he held his office nominally for life； but he could seldom be induced to retain it after the first approach of old age。 There was indeed in this society nothing to induce any of its members to covet the cares of office。 No honours； no insignia of higher rank； were assigned to it。 The supreme magistrate was not distinguished from the rest by superior habitation or revenue。 On the other hand； the duties awarded to him were marvellously light and easy； requiring no preponderant degree of energy or intelligence。 There being no apprehensions of war； there were