that this was the only one which he possessed。 Eager； however； to
read an interlude of the celebrated Tom； I purchased it and turned
away from the stall。 Scarcely had I done so when I saw a wild…
looking woman with two wild children looking at me。 The woman
curtseyed to me； and I thought I recognised the elder of the two
Irish females whom I had seen in the tent on the green meadow near
Chester。 I was going to address her； but just then my wife called
to me from the shop and I went to her； and when I returned to look
for the woman she and her children had disappeared； and though I
searched about for her I could not see her； for which I was sorry；
as I wished very much to have some conversation with her about the
ways of the Irish wanderers。 I was thinking of going to look for
her up 〃Paddy's dingle；〃 but my wife meeting me； begged me to go
home with her； as it was getting late。 So I went home with my
better half； bearing my late literary acquisition in my hand。
That night I sat up very late reading the life of Twm O'r Nant；
written by himself in choice Welsh； and his interlude which was
styled 〃Cyfoeth a Thylody； or； Riches and Poverty。〃 The life I had
read in my boyhood in an old Welsh magazine； and I now read it
again with great zest； and no wonder； as it is probably the most
remarkable autobiography ever penned。 The interlude I had never
seen before； nor indeed any of the dramatic pieces of Twm O'r Nant；
though I had frequently wished to procure some of them … so I read
the present one with great eagerness。 Of the life I shall give
some account and also some extracts from it； which will enable the
reader to judge of Tom's personal character； and also an extract of
the interlude； from which the reader may form a tolerably correct
idea of the poetical powers of him whom his countrymen delight to
call 〃the Welsh Shakespear。〃
CHAPTER LIX
History of Twm O'r Nant … Eagerness for Learning … The First
Interlude … The Cruel Fighter … Raising Wood … The Luckless Hour …
Turnpike…Keeping … Death in the Snow … Tom's Great Feat … The Muse
a Friend … Strength in Old Age … Resurrection of the Dead。
〃I AM the first…born of my parents；〃 says Thomas Edwards。 〃They
were poor people and very ignorant。 I was brought into the world
in a place called Lower Pen Parchell； on land which once belonged
to the celebrated Iolo Goch。 My parents afterwards removed to the
Nant （or dingle） near Nantglyn； situated in a place called Coom
Pernant。 The Nant was the middlemost of three homesteads； which
are in the Coom； and are called the Upper； Middle； and Lower Nant；
and it so happened that in the Upper Nant there were people who had
a boy of about the same age as myself； and forasmuch as they were
better to do in the world than my parents； they having only two
children whilst mine had ten； I was called Tom of the Dingle；
whilst he was denominated Thomas Williams。〃
After giving some anecdotes of his childhood he goes on thus：…
〃Time passed on till I was about eight years old； and then in the
summer I was lucky enough to be sent to school for three weeks； and
as soon as I had learnt to spell and read a few words I conceived a
mighty desire to learn to write； so I went in quest of elderberries
to make me ink； and my first essay in writing was trying to copy on
the sides of the leaves of books the letters of the words I read。
It happened； however； that a shop in the village caught fire； and
the greater part of it was burnt； only a few trifles being saved；
and amongst the scorched articles my mother got for a penny a
number of sheets of paper burnt at the edges； and sewed them
together to serve as copy…books for me。 Without loss of time I
went to the smith of Waendwysog； who wrote for me the letters on
the upper part of the leaves； and careful enough was I to fill the
whole paper with scrawlings which looked for all the world like
crow's feet。 I went on getting paper and ink； and something to
copy now from this person； and now from that； until I learned to
read Welsh and to write it at the same time。〃
He copied out a great many carols and songs； and the neighbours
observing his fondness for learning persuaded his father to allow
him to go to the village school to learn English。 At the end of
three weeks； however； his father； considering that he was losing
his time； would allow him to go no longer； but took him into the
fields in order that the boy might assist him in his labour。
Nevertheless Tom would not give up his literary pursuits； but
continued scribbling； and copying out songs and carols。 When he
was about ten he formed an acquaintance with an old man； chapel…
reader in Pentre y Foelas； who had a great many old books in his
possession； which he allowed Tom to read； he then had the honour of
becoming an amanuensis to a poet。
〃I became very intimate；〃 says he； 〃with a man who was a poet； he
could neither read nor write； but he was a poet by nature； having a
muse wonderfully glib at making triplets and quartets。 He was
nicknamed Tum Tai of the Moor。 He made an englyn for me to put in
a book in which I was inserting all the verses I could collect：
〃'Tom Evans' the lad for hunting up songs；
Tom Evans to whom the best learning belongs；
Betwixt his two pasteboards he verses has got；
Sufficient to fill the whole country； I wot。'
〃I was in the habit of writing my name Tom or Thomas Evans before I
went to school for a fortnight in order to learn English； but then
I altered it； into Thomas Edwards； for Evan Edwards was the name of
my father； and I should have been making myself a bastard had I
continued calling myself by my first name。 However； I had the
honour of being secretary to the old poet。 When he had made a song
he would keep it in his memory till I came to him。 Sometimes after
the old man had repeated his composition to me I would begin to
dispute with him； asking whether the thing would not be better
another way； and he could hardly keep from flying into a passion
with me for putting his work to the torture。〃
It was then the custom for young lads to go about playing what were
called interludes； namely dramatic pieces on religious or moral
subjects； written by rustic poets。 Shortly after Tom had attained
the age of twelve he went about with certain lads of Nantglyn
playing these pieces； generally acting the part of a girl； because；
as he says； he had the best voice。 About this time he wrote an
interlude himself； founded on 〃John Bunyan's Spiritual Courtship；〃
which was； however； stolen from him by a young fellow from
Anglesey； along with the greater part of the poems and pieces which
he had copied。 This affair at first very much disheartened Tom：
plucking up his spirits； however； he went on composing； and soon
acquired amongst his neighbours the title of 〃the poet；〃 to the
great mortification of his parents； who were anxious to see him
become an industrious husbandman。
〃Before I was quite fourteen；〃 says he； 〃I had made another
interlude； but when my father and mother heard about it they did
all they could to induce me to destroy it。 However； I would not
burn it； but gave it to Hugh of Llangwin； a celebrated poet of the
time； who took it to Landyrnog； where he sold it for ten shillings
to the lads of the place； who performed it the following summer；
but I never got anything for my labour； save a sup of ale from the
players when I met them。 This at the heel of other things would
have induced me to give up poetry； had it been in the power of
anything to do so。 I made two interludes；〃 he continues； 〃one for
the people of Llanbedr in the Vale of Clwyd； and the other for the
lads of Llanarmon in Yale； one on the subject of Naaman's leprosy；
and the other about hypocrisy； which was a re…fashionment of the
work of Richard Parry of Ddiserth。 When I was young I had such a
rage or madness for poetizing； that I would make a song on almost
anything I saw … and it was a mercy that many did not kill me or
break my bones； on account of my evil tongue。 My parents often
told me I should have some mischief done me if I went on in the way
in which I was going。 Once on a time being with some companions as
bad as myself； I happened to use some very free language in a place
where three lovers were with a young lass of my neighbourhood； who
lived at a place called Ty Celyn； with whom they kept company。 I
said in discourse that they were the cocks of Ty Celyn。 The girl
heard me； and conceived a spite against me on account of my
scurrilous language。 She had a brother； who was a cruel fighter；
he took the part of his sister； and determined to chastise me。 One
Sunday evening he shouted to me as I was coming from Nantglyn … our
ways were the same till we got nearly home … he had determined to
give me a thrashing； and he had with him a piece of oak stick just
suited for the purpose。 After we had taunted each other for some
time； as we went along； he flung his stick on the ground； and
stripped himself stark naked。 I took off my hat and my neck…cloth；
and took his stick in my hand； whereupon running to the hedge he
took a stake； and straight we set to like two furies。 After
fighting some time； our sticks were shivered to pieces and quite
short； sometimes we were upon the ground； but did not give up
fighting on that account。 Many people came up and would fain have
parted us； but he would by no means let them。 At last we agreed to
go and pull fresh stakes； and then we went at it again until he
could no longer stand。 The marks of this battle are upon him and
me to this day。 At last； covered with a gore of blood； he was
dragged home by his neighbours。 He was in a dreadful condition；
and many thought he would die。 On the morrow there came an alarm
that he was dead； whereupon I escaped across the mountain to Pentre
y Foelas to the old man Sion Dafydd to read his old books。〃
After staying there a little time； and getting his wounds tended by
an old woman； he departed and skulked about in various places；
doing now and then a little work； un