thus addressed him： 〃I give infinite thanks to heaven； friend
Sancho； that； before I have met with any good luck； fortune has come
forward to meet thee。 I who counted upon my good fortune to
discharge the recompense of thy services； find myself still waiting
for advancement； while thou； before the time； and contrary to all
reasonable expectation； seest thyself blessed in the fulfillment of
thy desires。 Some will bribe； beg； solicit； rise early； entreat；
persist； without attaining the object of their suit； while another
comes； and without knowing why or wherefore； finds himself invested
with the place or office so many have sued for； and here it is that
the common saying； 'There is good luck as well as bad luck in
suits；' applies。 Thou； who； to my thinking； art beyond all doubt a
dullard； without early rising or night watching or taking any trouble；
with the mere breath of knight…errantry that has breathed upon thee；
seest thyself without more ado governor of an island； as though it
were a mere matter of course。 This I say； Sancho； that thou
attribute not the favour thou hast received to thine own merits； but
give thanks to heaven that disposes matters beneficently； and secondly
thanks to the great power the profession of knight…errantry contains
in itself。 With a heart； then； inclined to believe what I have said to
thee； attend； my son； to thy Cato here who would counsel thee and be
thy polestar and guide to direct and pilot thee to a safe haven out of
this stormy sea wherein thou art about to ingulf thyself； for
offices and great trusts are nothing else but a mighty gulf of
troubles。
〃First of all； my son； thou must fear God； for in the fear of him is
wisdom； and being wise thou canst not err in aught。
〃Secondly； thou must keep in view what thou art； striving to know
thyself； the most difficult thing to know that the mind can imagine。
If thou knowest thyself； it will follow thou wilt not puff thyself
up like the frog that strove to make himself as large as the ox； if
thou dost； the recollection of having kept pigs in thine own country
will serve as the ugly feet for the wheel of thy folly。〃
〃That's the truth；〃 said Sancho； 〃but that was when I was a boy；
afterwards when I was something more of a man it was geese I kept； not
pigs。 But to my thinking that has nothing to do with it； for all who
are governors don't come of a kingly stock。〃
〃True；〃 said Don Quixote； 〃and for that reason those who are not
of noble origin should take care that the dignity of the office they
hold he accompanied by a gentle suavity； which wisely managed will
save them from the sneers of malice that no station escapes。
〃Glory in thy humble birth； Sancho； and he not ashamed of saying
thou art peasant…born； for when it is seen thou art not ashamed no one
will set himself to put thee to the blush； and pride thyself rather
upon being one of lowly virtue than a lofty sinner。 Countless are they
who； born of mean parentage； have risen to the highest dignities；
pontifical and imperial； and of the truth of this I could give thee
instances enough to weary thee。
〃Remember； Sancho； if thou make virtue thy aim； and take a pride
in doing virtuous actions； thou wilt have no cause to envy those who
have princely and lordly ones； for blood is an inheritance； but virtue
an acquisition； and virtue has in itself alone a worth that blood does
not possess。
〃This being so； if perchance anyone of thy kinsfolk should come to
see thee when thou art in thine island； thou art not to repel or
slight him； but on the contrary to welcome him； entertain him； and
make much of him； for in so doing thou wilt be approved of heaven
（which is not pleased that any should despise what it hath made）；
and wilt comply with the laws of well…ordered nature。
〃If thou carriest thy wife with thee （and it is not well for those
that administer governments to be long without their wives）； teach and
instruct her； and strive to smooth down her natural roughness； for all
that may be gained by a wise governor may be lost and wasted by a
boorish stupid wife。
〃If perchance thou art left a widower… a thing which may happen… and
in virtue of thy office seekest a consort of higher degree； choose not
one to serve thee for a hook； or for a fishing…rod； or for the hood of
thy 'won't have it；' for verily； I tell thee； for all the judge's wife
receives； the husband will be held accountable at the general
calling to account； where he will have repay in death fourfold；
items that in life he regarded as naught。
〃Never go by arbitrary law； which is so much favoured by ignorant
men who plume themselves on cleverness。
〃Let the tears of the poor man find with thee more compassion； but
not more justice； than the pleadings of the rich。
〃Strive to lay bare the truth； as well amid the promises and
presents of the rich man； as amid the sobs and entreaties of the poor。
〃When equity may and should be brought into play； press not the
utmost rigour of the law against the guilty； for the reputation of the
stern judge stands not higher than that of the compassionate。
〃If perchance thou permittest the staff of justice to swerve； let it
be not by the weight of a gift； but by that of mercy。
〃If it should happen thee to give judgment in the cause of one who
is thine enemy； turn thy thoughts away from thy injury and fix them on
the justice of the case。
〃Let not thine own passion blind thee in another man's cause； for
the errors thou wilt thus commit will be most frequently irremediable；
or if not； only to be remedied at the expense of thy good name and
even of thy fortune。
〃If any handsome woman come to seek justice of thee； turn away thine
eyes from her tears and thine ears from her lamentations； and consider
deliberately the merits of her demand； if thou wouldst not have thy
reason swept away by her weeping； and thy rectitude by her sighs。
〃Abuse not by word him whom thou hast to punish in deed； for the
pain of punishment is enough for the unfortunate without the
addition of thine objurgations。
〃Bear in mind that the culprit who comes under thy jurisdiction is
but a miserable man subject to all the propensities of our depraved
nature； and so far as may be in thy power show thyself lenient and
forbearing； for though the attributes of God are all equal； to our
eyes that of mercy is brighter and loftier than that of justice。
〃If thou followest these precepts and rules； Sancho； thy days will
be long； thy fame eternal； thy reward abundant； thy felicity
unutterable； thou wilt marry thy children as thou wouldst； they and
thy grandchildren will bear titles； thou wilt live in peace and
concord with all men； and； when life draws to a close； death will come
to thee in calm and ripe old age； and the light and loving hands of
thy great…grandchildren will close thine eyes。
〃What I have thus far addressed to thee are instructions for the
adornment of thy mind； listen now to those which tend to that of the
body。〃
CHAPTER XLIII
OF THE SECOND SET OF COUNSELS DON QUIXOTE GAVE SANCHO PANZA
WHO； hearing the foregoing discourse of Don Quixote； would not
have set him down for a person of great good sense and greater
rectitude of purpose？ But； as has been frequently observed in the
course of this great history； he only talked nonsense when he
touched on chivalry； and in discussing all other subjects showed
that he had a clear and unbiassed understanding； so that at every turn
his acts gave the lie to his intellect； and his intellect to his acts；
but in the case of these second counsels that he gave Sancho he showed
himself to have a lively turn of humour； and displayed conspicuously
his wisdom； and also his folly。
Sancho listened to him with the deepest attention； and endeavoured
to fix his counsels in his memory； like one who meant to follow them
and by their means bring the full promise of his government to a happy
issue。 Don Quixote； then； went on to say：
〃With regard to the mode in which thou shouldst govern thy person
and thy house； Sancho； the first charge I have to give thee is to be
clean； and to cut thy nails； not letting them grow as some do； whose
ignorance makes them fancy that long nails are an ornament to their
hands； as if those excrescences they neglect to cut were nails； and
not the talons of a lizard…catching kestrel… a filthy and unnatural
abuse。
〃Go not ungirt and loose； Sancho； for disordered attire is a sign of
an unstable mind； unless indeed the slovenliness and slackness is to
he set down to craft； as was the common opinion in the case of
Julius Caesar。
〃Ascertain cautiously what thy office may be worth； and if it will
allow thee to give liveries to thy servants； give them respectable and
serviceable； rather than showy and gay ones； and divide them between
thy servants and the poor； that is to say； if thou canst clothe six
pages； clothe three and three poor men； and thus thou wilt have
pages for heaven and pages for earth； the vainglorious never think
of this new mode of giving liveries。
〃Eat not garlic nor onions； lest they find out thy boorish origin by
the smell； walk slowly and speak deliberately； but not in such a way
as to make it seem thou art listening to thyself； for all
affectation is bad。
〃Dine sparingly and sup more sparingly still； for the health of
the whole body is forged in the workshop of the stomach。
〃Be temperate in drinking； bearing in mind that wine in excess keeps
neither secrets nor promises。
〃Take care； Sancho； not to chew on both sides； and not to eruct in
anybody's presence。〃
〃Eruct！〃 said Sancho； 〃I don't know what that means。〃
〃To eruct； Sancho；〃 said Don Quixote； 〃means to belch； and that is
one of the filthiest words in the Spanish language； though a very
expressive one； and therefore nice folk have had recourse to the
Latin； and instead of belch say eruct； and instead of belches say
eructations； and if some do not understand these terms it matters
little； for custom will bring them into use in the course of time；
so that they will be readily understood； this is the way a language is
enriched； custom and the public are all…powerful there。〃
〃In truth； senor；〃 said Sancho； 〃one of the couns