character- 第30部分

says：　〃He　told　me　himself　that　upon　publishing　that　book　he　fell

in　his　practice　extremely。〃



（4）　Sir　Thomas　More's　first　wife；　Jane　Colt；　was　originally　a　young

country　girl；　whom　he　himself　instructed　in　letters；　and　moulded

to　his　own　tastes　and　manners。　　She　died　young；　leaving　a　son　and

three　daughters；　of　whom　the　noble　Margaret　Roper　most　resembled

More　himself。　　His　second　wife　was　Alice　Middleton；　a　widow；　some

seven　years　older　than　More；　not　beautifulfor　he　characterized

her　as　〃NEC　BELLA；　NEC　PUELLA〃but　a　shrewd　worldly　woman；　not

by　any　means　disposed　to　sacrifice　comfort　and　good　cheer　for

considerations　such　as　those　which　so　powerfully　influenced　the

mind　of　her　husband。



（5）Before　being　beheaded；　Eliot　said；　〃Death　is　but　a　little　word；

but　''tis　a　great　work　to　die。'〃　In　his　'Prison　Thoughts'　before

his　execution；　he　wrote：　〃He　that　fears　not　to　die；　fears

nothing。。。。　　There　is　a　time　to　live；　and　a　time　to　die。　　A　good

death　is　far　better　and　more　eligible　than　an　ill　life。　　A　wise

man　lives　but　so　long　as　his　life　is　worth　more　than　his　death。

The　longer　life　is　not　always　the　better。〃



（6）　Mr。　J。　S。　Mill；　in　his　book　'On　Liberty；'　describes　〃the　masses；〃

as　〃collective　mediocrity。〃　　〃The　initiation　of　all　wise　or　noble

things；〃　he　says；　〃comes；　and　must　come；　from　individuals

generally　at　first　from　some　one　individual。　　The　honour　and　glory

of　the　average　man　is　that　he　is　capable　of　following　that

imitation；　that　he　can　respond　internally　to　wise　and　noble

things；　and　be　led　to　them　with　his　eyes　open。。。。　　In　this　age；

the　mere　example　of　nonconformity；　the　mere　refusal　to　bend　the

knee　to　custom；　is　itself　a　service。　　Precisely　because　the

tyranny　of　opinion　is　such　as　to　make　eccentricity　a　reproach；　it

is　desirable；　in　order　to　break　through　that　tyranny；　that　people

should　be　eccentric。　　Eccentricity　has　always　abounded　when　and

where　strength　of　character　has　abounded；　and　the　amount　of

eccentricity　in　a　society　has　generally　been　proportional　to　the

amount　of　genius；　mental　vigour；　and　moral　courage　which　it

contained。　　That　so　few　now　dare　to　be　eccentric；　marks　the　chief

danger　of　the　time。〃Pp。　120…1。



（7）　Mr。　Arthur　Helps；　in　one　of　his　thoughtful　books；　published　in

1845；　made　some　observations　on　this　point；　which　are　not　less

applicable　now。　　He　there　said：　〃it　is　a　grievous　thing　to　see

literature　made　a　vehicle　for　encouraging　the　enmity　of　class　to

class。　　Yet　this；　unhappily；　is　not　unfrequent　now。　　Some　great

man　summed　up　the　nature　of　French　novels　by　calling　them　the

Literature　of　Despair；　the　kind　of　writing　that　I　deprecate　may　be

called　the　Literature　of　Envy。。。。　　Such　writers　like　to　throw

their　influence；　as　they　might　say；　into　the　weaker　scale。　　But

that　is　not　the　proper　way　of　looking　at　the　matter。　　I　think；　if

they　saw　the　ungenerous　nature　of　their　proceedings；　that　alone

would　stop　them。　　They　should　recollect　that　literature　may　fawn

upon　the　masses　as　well　as　the　aristocracy；　and　in　these　days　the

temptation　is　in　the　former　direction。　　But　what　is　most　grievous

in　this　kind　of　writing　is　the　mischief　it　may　do　to　the　working…

people　themselves。　　If　you　have　their　true　welfare　at　heart；　you

will　not　only　care　for　their　being　fed　and　clothed；　but　you　will

be　anxious　not　to　encourage　unreasonable　expectations　in　them

not　to　make　them　ungrateful　or　greedy…minded。　　Above　all；　you　will

be　solicitous　to　preserve　some　self…reliance　in　them。　　You　will　be

careful　not　to　let　them　think　that　their　condition　can　be　wholly

changed　without　exertion　of　their　own。　　You　would　not　desire　to

have　it　so　changed。　　Once　elevate　your　ideal　of　what　you　wish　to

happen　amongst　the　labouring　population；　and　you　will　not　easily

admit　anything　in　your　writings　that　may　injure　their　moral　or

their　mental　character；　even　if　you　thought　it　might　hasten　some

physical　benefit　for　them。　　That　is　the　way　to　make　your　genius

most　serviceable　to　mankind。　　Depend　upon　it；　honest　and　bold

things　require　to　be　said　to　the　lower　as　well　as　the　higher

classes；　and　the　former　are　in　these　times　much　less　likely　to

have；　such　things　addressed　to　them。〃…Claims　of　Labour；　pp。　253…4。



（8）　'Memoirs　of　Colonel　Hutchinson'　（Bohn's　Ed。）；　p。　32。



（9）　At　a　public　meeting　held　at　Worcester；　in　1867；　in　recognition　of

Sir　J。　Pakington's　services　as　Chairman　of　Quarter　Sessions　for　a

period　of　twenty…four　years；　the　following　remarks；　made　by　Sir

John　on　the　occasion；　are　just　and　valuable　as　they　are　modest：…

〃I　am　indebted　for　whatever　measure　of　success　I　have　attained　in

my　public　life；　to　a　combination　of　moderate　abilities；　with

honesty　of　intention；　firmness　of　purpose；　and　steadiness　of

conduct。　　If　I　were　to　offer　advice　to　any　young　man　anxious　to

make　himself　useful　in　public　life；　I　would　sum　up　the　results　of

my　experience　in　three　short　rulesrules　so　simple　that　any　man

may　understand　them；　and　so　easy　that　any　man　may　act　upon　them。

My　first　rule　would　beleave　it　to　others　to　judge　of　what

duties　you　are　capable；　and　for　what　position　you　are　fitted；　but

never　refuse　to　give　your　services　in　whatever　capacity　it　may　be

the　opinion　of　others　who　are　competent　to　judge　that　you　may

benefit　your　neighbours　or　your　country。　　My　second　rule　iswhen

you　agree　to　undertake　public　duties；　concentrate　every　energy　and

faculty　in　your　possession　with　the　determination　to　discharge

those　duties　to　the　best　of　your　ability。　　Lastly；　I　would　counsel

you　that；　in　deciding　on　the　line　which　you　will　take　in　public

affairs；　you　should　be　guided　in　your　decision　by　that　which；

after　mature　deliberation；　you　believe　to　be　right；　and　not　by

that　which；　in　the　passing　hour；　may　happen　to　be　fashionable

or　popular。〃



（10）　The　following　illustration　of　one　of　his　minute　acts　of　kindness

is　given　in　his　biography：…　〃He　was　one　day　taking　a　long　country

walk　near　Freshford；　when　he　met　a　little　girl；　about　five　years

old；　sobbing　over　a　broken　bowl；　she　had　dropped　and　broken　it　in

bringing　it　back　from　the　field　to　which　she　had　taken　her

father's　dinner　in　it；　and　she　said　she　would　be　beaten　on　her

return　home　for　having　broken　it；　when；　with　a　sudden　gleam　of

hope；　she　innocently　looked　up　into　his　face；　and　said；　'But　yee

can　mend　it；　can't　ee？'



〃My　father　explained　that　he　could　not　mend　the　bowl；　but　the

trouble　he　could；　by　the　gift　of　a　sixpence　to　buy　another。

However；　on　opening　his　purse　it　was　empty　of　silver；　and　he　had

to　make　amends　by　promising　to　meet　his　little　friend　in　the　same

spot　at　the　same　hour　next　day；　and　to　bring　the　sixpence　with

him；　bidding　her；　meanwhile；　tell　her　mother　she　had　seen　a

gentleman　who　would　bring　her　the　money　for　the　bowl　next　day。

The　child；　entirely　trusting　him；　went　on　her　way　comforted。　　On

his　return　home　he　found　an　invitation　awaiting　him　to　dine　in

Bath　the　following　evening；　to　meet　some　one　whom　he　specially

wished　to　see。　　He　hesitated　for　some　little　time；　trying　to

calculate　the　possibility　of　giving　the　meeting　to　his　little

friend　of　the　broken　bowl　and　of　still　being　in　time　for　the

dinner…party　in　Bath；　but　finding　this　could　not　be；　he　wrote　to

decline　accepting　the　invitation　on　the　plea　of　'a　pre…

engagement；'　saying　to　us；　'I　cannot　disappoint　her；　she　trusted

me　so　implicitly。'〃



（11）　Miss　Florence　Nightingale　has　related　the　following　incident　as

having　occurred　before　Sebastopol：…　〃I　remember　a　sergeant　who；　on

picket；　the　rest　of　the　picket　killed　and　himself　battered　about

the　head；　stumbled　back　to　camp；　and　on　his　way　picked　up　a

wounded　man　and　brought　him　in　on　his　shoulders　to　the　lines；

where　he　fell　down　insensible。　　When；　after　many　hours；　he

recovered　his　senses；　I　believe　after　trepanning；　his　first　words

were　to　ask　after　his　comrade；　'Is　he　alive？'　'Comrade；　indeed；

yes；　he's　aliveit　is　the　general。'　At　that　moment　the　general；

though　badly　wounded；　appeared　at　the　bedside。　　'Oh；　general；　it's

you；　is　it；　I　brought　in？　I'm　so　glad；　I　didn't　know　your　honour。

But；　…；　if　I'd　known　it　was　you；　I'd　have　saved　you　all　the

same。'　This　is　the　true　soldier's　spirit。〃



In　the　same　letter；　Miss　Nightingale　says：　〃England；　from　her

grand　mercantile　and　commercial　successes；　has　been　called　sordid；

God　knows　she　is　not。　　The　simple　courage；　the　enduring　patience；

the　good　sense；　the　strength　to　suffer　in　silencewhat　nation

shows　more　of　this　in　war　than　is　shown　by　her　commonest　soldier？

I　have　seen　men　dying　of　dysentery；　but　scorning　to　report

themselves　sick　lest　they　should　thereby　throw　more　labour　on

their　comrades；　go　down　to　the　trenches　and　make　the　trenches

their　deathbed。　　There　is　nothing　in　history　to　compare　with　it。。。。



Say　what　men　will；　there　is　something　more　truly　Christian　in　the

man　who　gives　his　time；　his　strength；　his　life；　if　need　be；　for

something　not　himselfwhether　he　call　it　his　Queen；　his　country；

or　his　coloursthan　in　all　the　asceticism；　the　fasts；　the

humiliations；　and　confessions　which　have　ever　been　made：　and　this

spirit　of　giving　one's　life；　without　calling　it　a　sacrifice；　is

found　nowhere　so　truly　as　in　England。〃



（12）　Mrs。　Grote's　'Life　of　Ary　Scheffer；'　pp。　154…5。



（13）　The　sufferings　of　this　noble　woman；　together　with　those　of　her

unfortunate　husband；　were　touchingly　described　in　a　letter

afterwards　addressed　by　her　to　a　female　friend；　which　was

published　some　years　ago　at　Haarlem；　entitled；　'Gertrude　von　der

Wart；　or；　Fidelity　unto　Death。'　Mrs。　Hemans　wrote　a　poem　of　great

pathos　and　beauty；　commemorating　the　sad　story　in　her　'Records　of

Woman。'







CHAPTER　VI。SELF…CONTROL。







〃Honour　and　profit　do　not　always　lie　in　the　same　sack。〃GEORGE

HERBERT。



〃The　government　of　one's　self　is　the　only　true　freedom　for　the

Individual。〃FREDERICK　PERTHES。



〃It　is　in　length　of　patience；　and　endurance；　and　forbearance；　th