the origins of contemporary france-4- 第94部分

now　disgraceful。　　Thus；　the　principal　swath　consists　of　the　élite　of

the　people；　selected　from　amongst　the　people　itself；　it　is　against　the

〃subordinate　aristocracy；〃　those　most　capable　of　doing　and　conducting

manual　labor；　the　most　creditable　workmen；　through　their　activity；

frugality　and　good　habits；　that　the　Revolution；　in　its　rigor　against

the　inferior　class；　rages　with　the　greatest　fury。



VIII。　　Rigor　against　the　Upper　Classes。



The　rigor　of　the　revolutionary　laws　increase　according　to　the

elevation　of　the　class。　　…　The　Notables　properly　so　called　attacked

because　of　their　being　Notables。　　…　Orders　of　Taillefer；　Milhaud；　and

Lefiot。　　…　The　public　atonement　of　Montargis。



For　the　same　reason；　as　far　as　the　notables；　properly　so…called；　are

concerned；　it　bears　down　still　more　heavily；　not　merely　on　the　nobles

because　of　ancient　privileges；　not　merely　on　ecclesiastics　on　the

score　of　being　insubordinate　Catholics；　but　on　nobles；　ecclesiastics

and　bourgeois　in　their　capacity　of　notables；　that　is　to　say；　born　and

bred　above　others；　and　respected　by　the　masses　on　account　of　their

superior　condition。　　…　　In　the　eyes　of　the　genuine　Jacobin；　the

notables　of　the　third　class　are　no　less　criminal　than　the　members　of

the　two　superior　classes。　　〃The　bourgeois；＇113＇　the　merchants；　the

large　proprietors；〃　writes　a　popular　club　in　the　South；　〃all　have　the

pretension　of　the　old　set　（des　ci…dévants）。〃　And　the　club　complains　of

〃the　law　not　providing　means　for　opening　the　eyes　of　the　people　with

respect　to　these　new　tyrants。〃　It　is　horrible！　The　stand　they　take　is

an　offense　against　equality　and　they　are　proud　of　it！　And　what　is

worse；　this　stand　attracts　public　consideration！　Consequently；　〃the

club　requests　that　the　revolutionary　Tribunal　be　empowered　to　consign

this　proud　class　to　temporary　confinement；〃　and　then　〃the　people　would

see　the　crime　it　had　committed　and　recover　from　the　sort　of　esteem　in

which　they　had　held　it。〃　…　Incorrigible　and　contemptuous　heretics

against　the　new　creed；　they　are　only　too　lucky　to　be　treated　somewhat

like　infidel　Jews　in　the　middle…ages。　　Accordingly；　if　they　are

tolerated；　it　is　on　the　condition　that　they　let　themselves　be　pillaged

at　discretion；　covered　with　opprobrium　and　subdued　through　fear。　　…　At

one　time；　with　insulting　irony；　they　are　called　upon　to　prove　their

dubious　civism　by　forced　donations。　　〃Whereas；〃＇114＇　says

Representative　Milhaud；　〃all　the　citizens　and　citoyennes　of　Narbonne

being　in　requisition　for　the　discharge　and　transport　of　forage；

whereas；　this　morning；　the　Representative；　in　person；　having　inspected

the　performance　of　this　duty；〃　and　having　observed　on　the　canal　〃none

but　sans…culottes　and　a　few　young　citizens；　whereas；　not　finding　at

their　posts　any　muscadin　and　no　muscadine；　whereas；　the　persons；　whose

hands　are　no　doubt　too　delicate；　even　temporarily；　for　the　glorious

work　of　robust　sans…culottes；　have；　on　the　other　hand；　greater

resources　in　their　fortune；　and；　desiring　to　afford　to　the　rich　of

Narbonne　the　precious　advantage　of　being　equally　useful　to　the

republic；〃　hereby　orders　that　〃the　richest　citizens　of　Narbonne　pay

within　twenty…four　hours〃　a　patriotic　donation　of　one　hundred　thousand

livres；　one…half　to　be　assigned　to　the　military　hospitals；　and　the

other　half；　on　the　designation　thereof　by　a　〃Committee　of　Charity；

composed　of　three　reliable　revolutionary　sans…culottes；〃　to　be

distributed　among　the　poor　of　the　Commune。　　Should　any　〃rich　egoist

refuse　to　contribute　his　contingent　he　is　to　be　immediately

transferred　to　the　jail　at　Perpignan。〃　…　Not　to　labor　with　one's　own

hands；　to　be　disqualified　for　work　demanding　physical　strength；　is　of

itself　a　democratic　stain；　and　the　man　who　is　sullied　by　this　draws

down　on　himself；　not　alone　an　augmentation　of　pecuniary　taxation；　but

frequently　an　augmentation　of　personal　compulsory　labor。　　At

Villeneuve；　Aveyron；　and　throughout　the　department　of　Cantal；＇115＇

Representative　Taillefer　and　his　delegate　Deltheil；　instruct　the

Revolutionary　Committees　to　〃place　under　military　requisition　and

conscription　all　muscadins　above　the　first　class；〃　that　is　to　say；　all

between　twenty…five　and　forty　years　of　age　who　are　not　reached　by　the

law。　　〃By　muscadins　is　meant　all　citizens　of　that　age　not　married；　and

exercising　no　useful　profession；〃　in　other　words；　those　who　live　on

their　income。　　And；　that　none　of　the　middle　or　upper　class　may　escape；

the　edict　subjects　to　special　rigor；　supplementary　taxes；　and

arbitrary　arrest；　not　alone　property…holders　and　fund…holders；　but

again　all　persons　designated　under　the　following　heads；　…　aristocrats；

Feuillants；　moderates；　Girondists；　federalists；　muscadins；　the

superstitious；　fanatics　the　abettors　of　royalism；　of　superstition　and

of　federation；　monopolists；　jobbers；　egoists；　〃suspects　〃　of　incivism；

and；　generally；　all　who　are　indifferent　to　the　Revolution；　of　which

local　committees　are　to　draw　up　the　lists。




Occasionally；　in　a　town；　some　steps　taken　collectively；　either　a　vote

or　petition；。　　furnish　a　ready…made　list；＇116＇　it　suffices　to　read

this　to　know　who　are　notables；　the　most　upright　people　of　the　place；

henceforth；　under　the　pretext　of　political　repression；　the　levellers

may　give　free　play　to　their　social　hatred。　　…　At　Montargis；　nine　days

after　the　attempt　of　June　20；　1792；＇117＇　two　hundred　and　twenty…eight

notables　sign　an　address　in　testimony　of　their　respectful　sympathy　for

the　King；　a　year　and　nine　months　later；　in　consequence　of　a

retroactive　stroke；　all　are　hit；　and；　with　the　more　satisfaction；

inasmuch　as　in　their　persons　the　most　respected　in　the　town　fall

beneath　the　blow；　all　whom　flight　and　banishment　had　left　there

belonging　to　the　noble；　ecclesiastic；　bourgeois　or　popular

aristocracy。　　Already；　〃on　the　purification　of　the　constituted

authorities　of　Montargis；　the　representative　had　withdrawn　every

signer　from　places　of　public　trust　and　kept　them　out　of　all　offices。〃

But　this　is　not　sufficient；　the　punishment　must　be　more　exemplary。

Four　of　them；　the　ex…mayor；　an　ex…collector；　a　district　administrator

and　a　notable　are　sent　to　the　revolutionary　Tribunal　in　Paris；　to　be

guillotined　in　deference　to　principles。　　Thirty…two　former　officers　…

chevaliers　of　St。　　Louis；　mousquetaires；　nobles；　priests；　an　ex…

procureur…royal；　an　ex…treasurer　of　France；　a　former　administrator　of

the　department；　and　two　ladies；　one　of　them　designated　as　〃calling

herself　a　former　marchioness〃　…　are　confined；　until　peace　is　secured；

in　the　jail　at　Montargis。　　Other　former　municipal　officers　and

officers　in　the　National　Guard　…　men　of　the　law；　notaries　and

advocates；　physicians；　surgeons；　former　collectors；　police

commissioners；　postmasters；　merchants　and　manufacturers；　men　and

women；　married　or　widows　and　widowers　…　are　to　make　public　apology　and

be　summoned　to　the　Temple　of　Reason　to　undergo　there　the　humiliation

of　a　public　penance　on　the　20th　of　Vent？se　at　three　o'clock　in　the

afternoon。　　They　all　go；　for　the　summons　says；　〃whoever　does　not

present　himself　on　the　day　and　hour　named　will　be　arrested　and

confined　until　peace　is　declared。〃　On　reaching　the　church；　purified　by

Jacobin　adoration；　〃in　the　presence　of　the　constituted　authorities　of

the　popular　club　and　of　the　citizens　convoked　in　general　assembly；〃

they　mount　one　by　one　into　a　tribune　raised　three　steps　above　the

floor；〃　in　such　a　way　as　to　be　in　full　sight。　　One　by　one　the　national

agent；　or　the　mayor；　reprimands　them　in　the　following　language：



　〃You　have　been　base　enough　to　sign　a　fawning　address　to　Louis　XVI。；

the　most　odious　and　the　vilest　of　tyrants；　an　ogre　of　the　human

species　guilty　of　every　sort　of　crime　and　debauchery。　　You　are　hereby

censured　by　the　people。　　You　are　moreover　warned　that　on　committing

the　first　act　of　incivism；　or　manifesting　any　anti…revolutionary

conduct；　the　surveillance　of　the　constituted　authorities　will　be

extended　to　you　in　the　most　energetic　manner；　the　tribunals　will　show

you　less　leniency　and　the　guillotine　will　insure　prompt　and　imposing

justice。〃



Each；　called　by　name；　receives　in　turn　the　threatened　admonition；　and；

descending　from　the　tribune　amidst　hues　and　cries；　all　sign　the

procès…verbal。　　　But　shame　and　guilt　are　often　absent；　and　some　of

them　do　not　seem　to　be　sufficiently　penitent。　　Consequently；　at　the

close　of　the　ceremony；　the　National　Agent　calls　the　attention　of　the

assembly　to　〃the　impudence　manifested　by　certain　aristocrats；　so

degraded　that　even　national　justice　fails　to　make　them　blush；〃　and　the

Revolutionary　Committee；　〃considering　the　indifference　and　derisive

conduct　of　four　women　and　three　men；　just　manifested　in　this　assembly；

considering　the　necessity　of　punishing　an　inveterate　aristocracy　which

seems　to　make　sport　of　corrective　acts　that　bear　only　（sic）　on　morals；

in　a　most　exemplary　manner；　decides　that　the　seven　delinquents　〃shall

be　put　under　arrest；　and　confined　in　the　jail　of　Sainte…Marie。〃　The

three　who　have　shown　indifference；　are　to　be　confined　three　months；

the　four　who　have　shown　derision；　are　to　be　confined　until　peace　is

restored。　　Besides　this；　the　decree　of　the　National　Agent　and　the

minutes　of　the　meeting　are　to　be　printed　and　six　thousand　impressions

struck　off　at　the　expense　of　the　signers；　〃the　richest　and　most

'suspect；'　〃　…　a　former　treasurer　of　France；　a　notary；　a　grocer；　the

wife　of　the　former　commandant　of　the　gendarmerie；　a　widow　and　another

woman；　…　all；　says　the　agent；　〃　of　very　solid　wealth　and　aristocracy。〃

〃Bravo！〃　shouts　the　assembly；　at　this　witticism；　applause　is　given　and

it　sings　〃the　national　hymn。〃　It　is　nine　o'clock　in　the　evening。　　This

public　penitence　lasts　six　hours　and　the　Jacobins　of　Montargis　retire；

proud　of　their　work；　having　punished　as　a　public　affront；　an　old　and

legal　manifestation　of　respect　for　the　public　magistrate；　having　sent

either　to　the　scaffold　or　to　prison；　and　fined　or　disgraced