father goriot- 第1部分

Father　Goriot



by　Honore　de　Balzac



Translated　by　Ellen　Marriage










To　the　great　and　illustrious　Geoffroy　Saint…Hilaire；　a　token

of　admiration　for　his　works　and　genius。

DE　BALZAC。







Mme。　Vauquer　（nee　de　Conflans）　is　an　elderly　person；　who　for　the

past　forty　years　has　kept　a　lodging…house　in　the　Rue　Nueve…

Sainte…Genevieve；　in　the　district　that　lies　between　the　Latin

Quarter　and　the　Faubourg　Saint…Marcel。　Her　house　（known　in　the

neighborhood　as　the　Maison　Vauquer）　receives　men　and　women；　old

and　young；　and　no　word　has　ever　been　breathed　against　her

respectable　establishment；　but；　at　the　same　time；　it　must　be　said

that　as　a　matter　of　fact　no　young　woman　has　been　under　her　roof

for　thirty　years；　and　that　if　a　young　man　stays　there　for　any

length　of　time　it　is　a　sure　sign　that　his　allowance　must　be　of

the　slenderest。　In　1819；　however；　the　time　when　this　drama　opens；

there　was　an　almost　penniless　young　girl　among　Mme。　Vauquer's

boarders。



That　word　drama　has　been　somewhat　discredited　of　late；　it　has

been　overworked　and　twisted　to　strange　uses　in　these　days　of

dolorous　literature；　but　it　must　do　service　again　here；　not

because　this　story　is　dramatic　in　the　restricted　sense　of　the

word；　but　because　some　tears　may　perhaps　be　shed　intra　et　extra

muros　before　it　is　over。



Will　any　one　without　the　walls　of　Paris　understand　it？　It　is　open

to　doubt。　The　only　audience　who　could　appreciate　the　results　of

close　observation；　the　careful　reproduction　of　minute　detail　and

local　color；　are　dwellers　between　the　heights　of　Montrouge　and

Montmartre；　in　a　vale　of　crumbling　stucco　watered　by　streams　of

black　mud；　a　vale　of　sorrows　which　are　real　and　joys　too　often

hollow；　but　this　audience　is　so　accustomed　to　terrible

sensations；　that　only　some　unimaginable　and　well…neigh　impossible

woe　could　produce　any　lasting　impression　there。　Now　and　again

there　are　tragedies　so　awful　and　so　grand　by　reason　of　the

complication　of　virtues　and　vices　that　bring　them　about；　that

egotism　and　selfishness　are　forced　to　pause　and　are　moved　to

pity；　but　the　impression　that　they　receive　is　like　a　luscious

fruit；　soon　consumed。　Civilization；　like　the　car　of　Juggernaut；

is　scarcely　stayed　perceptibly　in　its　progress　by　a　heart　less

easy　to　break　than　the　others　that　lie　in　its　course；　this　also

is　broken；　and　Civilization　continues　on　her　course　triumphant。

And　you；　too；　will　do　the　like；　you　who　with　this　book　in　your

white　hand　will　sink　back　among　the　cushions　of　your　armchair；

and　say　to　yourself；　〃Perhaps　this　may　amuse　me。〃　You　will　read

the　story　of　Father　Goriot's　secret　woes；　and；　dining　thereafter

with　an　unspoiled　appetite；　will　lay　the　blame　of　your

insensibility　upon　the　writer；　and　accuse　him　of　exaggeration；　of

writing　romances。　Ah！　once　for　all；　this　drama　is　neither　a

fiction　nor　a　romance！　ALL　IS　TRUE；so　true；　that　every　one　can

discern　the　elements　of　the　tragedy　in　his　own　house；　perhaps　in

his　own　heart。



The　lodging…house　is　Mme。　Vauquer's　own　property。　It　is　still

standing　in　the　lower　end　of　the　Rue　Nueve…Sainte…Genevieve；　just

where　the　road　slopes　so　sharply　down　to　the　Rue　de　l'Arbalete；

that　wheeled　traffic　seldom　passes　that　way；　because　it　is　so

stony　and　steep。　This　position　is　sufficient　to　account　for　the

silence　prevalent　in　the　streets　shut　in　between　the　dome　of　the

Pantheon　and　the　dome　of　the　Val…de…Grace；　two　conspicuous　public

buildings　which　give　a　yellowish　tone　to　the　landscape　and　darken

the　whole　district　that　lies　beneath　the　shadow　of　their　leaden…

hued　cupolas。



In　that　district　the　pavements　are　clean　and　dry；　there　is

neither　mud　nor　water　in　the　gutters；　grass　grows　in　the　chinks

of　the　walls。　The　most　heedless　passer…by　feels　the　depressing

influences　of　a　place　where　the　sound　of　wheels　creates　a

sensation；　there　is　a　grim　look　about　the　houses；　a　suggestion　of

a　jail　about　those　high　garden　walls。　A　Parisian　straying　into　a

suburb　apparently　composed　of　lodging…houses　and　public

institutions　would　see　poverty　and　dullness；　old　age　lying　down

to　die；　and　joyous　youth　condemned　to　drudgery。　It　is　the　ugliest

quarter　of　Paris；　and；　it　may　be　added；　the　least　known。　But；

before　all　things；　the　Rue　Nueve…Sainte…Genevieve　is　like　a

bronze　frame　for　a　picture　for　which　the　mind　cannot　be　too　well

prepared　by　the　contemplation　of　sad　hues　and　sober　images。　Even

so；　step　by　step　the　daylight　decreases；　and　the　cicerone's

droning　voice　grows　hollower　as　the　traveler　descends　into　the

Catacombs。　The　comparison　holds　good！　Who　shall　say　which　is　more

ghastly；　the　sight　of　the　bleached　skulls　or　of　dried…up　human

hearts？







The　front　of　the　lodging…house　is　at　right　angles　to　the　road；

and　looks　out　upon　a　little　garden；　so　that　you　see　the　side　of

the　house　in　section；　as　it　were；　from　the　Rue　Nueve…Sainte…

Genevieve。　Beneath　the　wall　of　the　house　front　there　lies　a

channel；　a　fathom　wide；　paved　with　cobble…stones；　and　beside　it

runs　a　graveled　walk　bordered　by　geraniums　and　oleanders　and

pomegranates　set　in　great　blue　and　white　glazed　earthenware　pots。

Access　into　the　graveled　walk　is　afforded　by　a　door；　above　which

the　words　MAISON　VAUQUER　may　be　read；　and　beneath；　in　rather

smaller　letters；　〃Lodgings　for　both　sexes；　etc。〃



During　the　day　a　glimpse　into　the　garden　is　easily　obtained

through　a　wicket　to　which　a　bell　is　attached。　On　the　opposite

wall；　at　the　further　end　of　the　graveled　walk；　a　green　marble

arch　was　painted　once　upon　a　time　by　a　local　artist；　and　in　this

semblance　of　a　shrine　a　statue　representing　Cupid　is　installed；　a

Parisian　Cupid；　so　blistered　and　disfigured　that　he　looks　like　a

candidate　for　one　of　the　adjacent　hospitals；　and　might　suggest　an

allegory　to　lovers　of　symbolism。　The　half…obliterated　inscription

on　the　pedestal　beneath　determines　the　date　of　this　work　of　art；

for　it　bears　witness　to　the　widespread　enthusiasm　felt　for

Voltaire　on　his　return　to　Paris　in　1777：



　　〃Whoe'er　thou　art；　thy　master　see；

　　He　is；　or　was；　or　ought　to　be。〃



At　night　the　wicket　gate　is　replaced　by　a　solid　door。　The　little

garden　is　no　wider　than　the　front　of　the　house；　it　is　shut　in

between　the　wall　of　the　street　and　the　partition　wall　of　the

neighboring　house。　A　mantle　of　ivy　conceals　the　bricks　and

attracts　the　eyes　of　passers…by　to　an　effect　which　is　picturesque

in　Paris；　for　each　of　the　walls　is　covered　with　trellised　vines

that　yield　a　scanty　dusty　crop　of　fruit；　and　furnish　besides　a

subject　of　conversation　for　Mme。　Vauquer　and　her　lodgers；　every

year　the　widow　trembles　for　her　vintage。



A　straight　path　beneath　the　walls　on　either　side　of　the　garden

leads　to　a　clump　of　lime…trees　at　the　further　end　of　it；　LINE…

trees；　as　Mme。　Vauquer　persists　in　calling　them；　in　spite　of　the

fact　that　she　was　a　de　Conflans；　and　regardless　of　repeated

corrections　from　her　lodgers。



The　central　space　between　the　walls　is　filled　with　artichokes　and

rows　of　pyramid　fruit…trees；　and　surrounded　by　a　border　of

lettuce；　pot…herbs；　and　parsley。　Under　the　lime…trees　there　are　a

few　green…painted　garden　seats　and　a　wooden　table；　and　hither；

during　the　dog…days；　such　of　the　lodgers　as　are　rich　enough　to

indulge　in　a　cup　of　coffee　come　to　take　their　pleasure；　though　it

is　hot　enough　to　roast　eggs　even　in　the　shade。



The　house　itself　is　three　stories　high；　without　counting　the

attics　under　the　roof。　It　is　built　of　rough　stone；　and　covered

with　the　yellowish　stucco　that　gives　a　mean　appearance　to　almost

every　house　in　Paris。　There　are　five　windows　in　each　story　in　the

front　of　the　house；　all　the　blinds　visible　through　the　small

square　panes　are　drawn　up　awry；　so　that　the　lines　are　all　at

cross　purposes。　At　the　side　of　the　house　there　are　but　two

windows　on　each　floor；　and　the　lowest　of　all　are　adorned　with　a

heavy　iron　grating。



Behind　the　house　a　yard　extends　for　some　twenty　feet；　a　space

inhabited　by　a　happy　family　of　pigs；　poultry；　and　rabbits；　the

wood…shed　is　situated　on　the　further　side；　and　on　the　wall

between　the　wood…shed　and　the　kitchen　window　hangs　the　meat…safe；

just　above　the　place　where　the　sink　discharges　its　greasy

streams。　The　cook　sweeps　all　the　refuse　out　through　a　little　door

into　the　Rue　Nueve…Sainte…Genevieve；　and　frequently　cleanses　the

yard　with　copious　supplies　of　water；　under　pain　of　pestilence。



The　house　might　have　been　built　on　purpose　for　its　present　uses。

Access　is　given　by　a　French　window　to　the　first　room　on　the

ground　floor；　a　sitting…room　which　looks　out　upon　the　street

through　the　two　barred　windows　already　mentioned。　Another　door

opens　out　of　it　into　the　dining…room；　which　is　separated　from　the

kitchen　by　the　well　of　the　staircase；　the　steps　being　constructed

partly　of　wood；　partly　of　tiles；　which　are　colored　and　beeswaxed。

Nothing　can　be　more　depressing　than　the　sight　of　that　sitting…

room。　The　furniture　is　covered　with　horse　hair　woven　in　alternate

dull　and　glossy　stripes。　There　is　a　round　table　in　the　middle；

with　a　purplish…red　marble　top；　on　which　there　stands；　by　way　of

ornament；　the　inevitable　white　china　tea…service；　covered　with　a

half…effaced　gilt　network。　The　floor　is　sufficiently　uneven；　the

wainscot　rises　to　elbow　height；　and　the　rest　of　the　wall　space　is

decorated　with　a　varnished　paper；　on　which　the　principal　scenes

from　Telemaque　are　depicted；　the　various　classical　personages

being　colored。　The　subject　between　the　two　windows　is　the　banquet

given　by　Calypso　to　the　son　of　Ulysses；　displayed　thereon　for　the

admiration　of　the　boarders；　and　has　furnished　jokes　these　forty

years　to　the　young　men　who　show　themselves　superior　to　their

position　by　making　fun　of　the　dinners　to　which　poverty　condemns

them。　The　hearth　is　always　so　clean　and　neat　that　it　is　evident

that　a　fire　is　only　kindled　there　on　great　occasions；　the　stone

chimney…piece　is　adorned　by　a　couple　of　va