as rampanta sinister movement； which might at any moment upset the Constitution and abolish the Monarchy。 Surely； with such dangers at home； this was a very bad time to choose for encouraging lawlessness abroad。 He naturally took a particular interest in Germany。 His instincts； his affections； his prepossessions； were ineradicably German； Stockmar was deeply involved in German politics； and he had a multitude of relatives among the ruling German families； who； from the midst of the hurly…burly of revolution； wrote him long and agitated letters once a week。 Having considered the question of Germany's future from every point of view； he came to the conclusion； under Stockmar's guidance； that the great aim for every lover of Germany should be her unification under the sovereignty of Prussia。 The intricacy of the situation was extreme； and the possibilities of good or evil which every hour might bring forth were incalculable； yet he saw with horror that Palmerston neither understood nor cared to understand the niceties of this momentous problem； but rushed on blindly； dealing blows to right and left； quiteso far as he could seewithout system； and even without motiveexcept； indeed； a totally unreasonable distrust of the Prussian State。
But his disagreement with the details of Palmerston's policy was in reality merely a symptom of the fundamental differences between the characters of the two men。 In Albert's eyes Palmerston was a coarse； reckless egotist； whose combined arrogance and ignorance must inevitably have their issue in folly and disaster。 Nothing could be more antipathetic to him than a mind so strangely lacking in patience； in reflection； in principle； and in the habits of ratiocination。 For to him it was intolerable to think in a hurry； to jump to slapdash decisions； to act on instincts that could not be explained。 Everything must be done in due order； with careful premeditation； the premises of the position must first be firmly established； and he must reach the correct conclusion by a regular series of rational steps。 In complicated questionsand what questions； rightly looked at； were not complicated？to commit one's thoughts to paper was the wisest course； and it was the course which Albert； laborious though it might be； invariably adopted。 It was as well； too； to draw up a reasoned statement after an event； as well as before it； and accordingly； whatever happened； it was always found that the Prince had made a memorandum。 On one occasion he reduced to six pages of foolscap the substance of a confidential conversation with Sir Robert Peel； and； having read them aloud to him； asked him to append his signature； Sir Robert； who never liked to commit himself； became extremely uneasy； upon which the Prince； understanding that it was necessary to humour the singular susceptibilities of Englishmen； with great tact dropped that particular memorandum into the fire。 But as for Palmerston； he never even gave one so much as a chance to read him a memorandum； he positively seemed to dislike discussion； and； before one knew where one was； without any warning whatever； he would plunge into some hare…brained； violent project； which； as likely as not； would logically involve a European war。 Closely connected； too； with this cautious； painstaking reasonableness of Albert's； was his desire to examine questions thoroughly from every point of view； to go down to the roots of things； and to act in strict accordance with some well…defined principle。 Under Stockmar's tutelage he was constantly engaged in enlarging his outlook and in endeavouring to envisage vital problems both theoretically and practicallyboth with precision and with depth。 To one whose mind was thus habitually occupied； the empirical activities of Palmerston； who had no notion what a principle meant； resembled the incoherent vagaries of a tiresome child。 What did Palmerston know of economics； of science； of history？ What did he care for morality and education？ How much consideration had he devoted in the whole course of his life to the improvement of the condition of the working…classes and to the general amelioration of the human race？ The answers to such questions were all too obvious； and yet it is easy to imagine； also； what might have been Palmerston's jaunty comment。 〃Ah！ your Royal Highness is busy with fine schemes and beneficent calculations exactly！ Well； as for me； I must say I'm quite satisfied with my morning's workI've had the iron hurdles taken out of the Green Park。〃
The exasperating man； however； preferred to make no comment； and to proceed in smiling silence on his inexcusable way。 The process of 〃brushing on one side〃 very soon came into operation。 Important Foreign Office despatches were either submitted to the Queen so late that there was no time to correct them； or they were not submitted to her at all； or； having been submitted； and some passage in them being objected to and an alteration suggested； they were after all sent off in their original form。 The Queen complained； the Prince complained： both complained together。 It was quite useless。 Palmerston was most apologeticcould not understand how it had occurredmust give the clerks a wiggingcertainly Her Majesty's wishes should be attended to； and such a thing should never happen again。 But； of course； it very soon happened again； and the royal remonstrances redoubled。 Victoria； her partisan passions thoroughly aroused； imported into her protests a personal vehemence which those of Albert lacked。 Did Lord Palmerston forget that she was Queen of England？ How could she tolerate a state of affairs in which despatches written in her name were sent abroad without her approval or even her knowledge？ What could be more derogatory to her position than to be obliged to receive indignant letters from the crowned heads to whom those despatches were addressedletters which she did not know how to answer； since she so thoroughly agreed with them？ She addressed herself to the Prime Minister。 〃No remonstrance has any effect with Lord Palmerston；〃 she said。 〃Lord Palmerston；〃 she told him on another occasion； 〃has as usual pretended not to have had time to submit the draft to the Queen before he had sent it off。〃 She summoned Lord John to her presence； poured out her indignation； and afterwards； on the advice of Albert； noted down what had passed in a memorandum： 〃I said that I thought that Lord Palmerston often endangered the honour of England by taking a very prejudiced and one…sided view of a question； that his writings were always as bitter as gall and did great harm； which Lord John entirely assented to； and that I often felt quite ill from anxiety。〃 Then she turned to her uncle。 〃The state of Germany；〃 she wrote in a comprehensive and despairing review of the European situation； 〃is dreadful； and one does feel quite ashamed about that once really so peaceful and happy country。 That there are still good people there I am sure； but they allow themselves to be worked upon in a frightful and shameful way。 In France a crisis seems at hand。 WHAT a very bad figure we cut in this mediation！ Really it is quite immoral； with Ireland quivering in our grasp and ready to throw off her allegiance at any moment； for us to force Austria to give up her lawful possessions。 What shall we say if Canada； Malta； etc。； begin to trouble us？ It hurts me terribly。〃 But what did Lord Palmerston care？
Lord John's position grew more and more irksome。 He did not approve of his colleague's treatment of the Queen。 When he begged him to be more careful； he was met with the reply that 28；000 despatches passed through the Foreign Office in a single year； that； if every one of these were to be subjected to the royal criticism； the delay would be most serious； that； as it was； the waste of time and the worry involved in submitting drafts to the meticulous examination of Prince Albert was almost too much for an overworked Minister； and that； as a matter of fact； the postponement of important decisions owing to this cause had already produced very unpleasant diplomatic consequences。 These excuses would have impressed Lord John more favourably if he had not himself had to suffer from a similar neglect。 As often as not Palmerston failed to communicate even to him the most important despatches。 The Foreign Secretary was becoming an almost independent power； acting on his own initiative； and swaying the policy of England on his own responsibility。 On one occasion； in 1847； he had actually been upon the point of threatening to break off diplomatic relations with France without consulting either the Cabinet or the Prime Minister。 And such incidents were constantly recurring。 When this became known to the Prince； he saw that his opportunity had come。 If he could only drive in to the utmost the wedge between the two statesmen； if he could only secure the alliance of Lord John； then the suppression or the removal of Lord Palmerston would be almost certain to follow。 He set about the business with all the pertinacity of his nature。 Both he and the Queen put every kind of pressure upon the Prime Minister。 They wrote； they harangued； they relapsed into awful silence。 It occurred to them that Lord Clarendon； an important member of the Cabinet； would be a useful channel for their griefs。 They commanded him to dine at the Palace； and； directly the meal was over； 〃the Queen；〃 as he described it afterwards； 〃exploded； and went with the utmost vehemence and bitterness into the whole of Palmerston's conduct； all the effects produced all over the world； and all her own feelings and sentiments about it。〃 When she had finished； the Prince took up the tale； with less excitement； but with equal force。 Lord Clarendon found himself in an awkward situation； he disliked Palmerston's policy； but he was his colleague； and he disapproved of the attitude of his royal hosts。 In his opinion； they were 〃wrong in wishing that courtiers rather than Ministers should conduct the affairs of the country；〃 and he thought that they 〃laboured under the curious mistake that the Foreign Office was their peculiar department； and that they had the right to control； if not to direct； the foreign policy of England。〃 He； therefore； with extreme politeness； gave it to be understood that he would not commit hi