¡¶the spirit of laws¡·

ÏÂÔØ±¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

the spirit of laws- µÚ140²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
e¡¡of¡¡land¡¡on¡¡condition¡¡of¡¡a¡¡rent¡¡or¡¡service¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡pay¡¡it¡£

48¡£¡¡Book¡¡iii£»¡¡p¡£¡¡511¡£

49¡£¡¡Leg¡£¡¡3£»¡¡xi£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡74¡£

50¡£¡¡Establishment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡Monarchy£»¡¡iii¡£¡¡14£»¡¡p¡£¡¡513£»¡¡where¡¡he¡¡quotes¡¡the¡¡28th¡¡article¡¡of¡¡the¡¡edict¡¡of¡¡Pistes¡£¡¡See¡¡farther¡¡on¡£

51¡£¡¡Ibid¡£¡¡iii¡£¡¡4£»¡¡p¡£¡¡298¡£

52¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡815£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡i£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡agreeable¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Charles¡¡the¡¡Bald£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡844£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡1£»¡¡2¡£

53¡£¡¡They¡¡were¡¡not¡¡obliged¡¡to¡¡furnish¡¡any¡¡to¡¡the¡¡count¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡art¡£¡¡5¡£

54¡£¡¡The¡¡counts¡¡are¡¡forbidden¡¡to¡¡deprive¡¡them¡¡of¡¡their¡¡horses£»¡¡ut¡¡hostem¡¡facere£»¡¡et¡¡debitos¡¡paraveredos¡¡secundum¡¡antequam¡¡consuetudinem¡¡exsolvere¡¡possint¡£¡¡¡¡Edict¡¡of¡¡Pistes£»¡¡in¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡186¡£

55¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Charlemagne£»¡¡1£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812¡£¡¡Edict¡¡of¡¡Pistes¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡864£»¡¡art¡£¡¡27¡£

56¡£¡¡Quatuor¡¡mansos¡£¡¡I¡¡fancy¡¡that¡¡what¡¡they¡¡called¡¡Afansus¡¡was¡¡a¡¡particular¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡land¡¡belonging¡¡to¡¡a¡¡farm¡¡where¡¡there¡¡were¡¡bondmen£»¡¡witness¡¡the¡¡capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡853£»¡¡apud¡¡Sylvacum£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡14£»¡¡against¡¡those¡¡who¡¡drove¡¡the¡¡bondmen¡¡from¡¡their¡¡Mansus¡£

57¡£¡¡See¡¡below£»¡¡chapter¡¡20¡¡of¡¡this¡¡book¡£

58¡£¡¡In¡¡Duchesne£»¡¡ii£»¡¡p¡£¡¡287¡£

59¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡89¡£

60¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡858£»¡¡art¡£¡¡14¡£

61¡£¡¡They¡¡levied¡¡also¡¡some¡¡duties¡¡on¡¡rivers£»¡¡where¡¡there¡¡happened¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡bridge¡¡or¡¡a¡¡passage¡£

62¡£¡¡The¡¡census¡¡was¡¡so¡¡generical¡¡a¡¡word£»¡¡that¡¡they¡¡made¡¡use¡¡of¡¡it¡¡to¡¡express¡¡the¡¡tolls¡¡of¡¡rivers£»¡¡when¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡bridge¡¡or¡¡ferry¡¡to¡¡pass¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡third¡¡Capitulary£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡803£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡395£»¡¡art¡£¡¡1£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡5th¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡819£»¡¡p¡£¡¡616¡£¡¡They¡¡gave¡¡likewise¡¡this¡¡name¡¡to¡¡the¡¡carriages¡¡furnished¡¡by¡¡the¡¡freemen¡¡to¡¡the¡¡king£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡his¡¡commissaries£»¡¡as¡¡appeals¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Charles¡¡the¡¡Bald¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡865£»¡¡art¡£¡¡8¡£

63¡£¡¡The¡¡Abb¨¦¡¡du¡¡Bos£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡followers¡£

64¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡weakness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡arguments¡¡produced¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Abb¨¦¡¡du¡¡Bos£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Establishment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡Monarchy£»¡¡iii£»¡¡book¡¡VI¡£¡¡14£»¡¡especially¡¡in¡¡the¡¡inference¡¡he¡¡draws¡¡from¡¡a¡¡passage¡¡of¡¡Gregory¡¡of¡¡Tours£»¡¡concerning¡¡a¡¡dispute¡¡between¡¡his¡¡church¡¡and¡¡King¡¡Charibert¡£

65¡£¡¡For¡¡instance£»¡¡by¡¡enfranchisements¡£

66¡£¡¡Plato£»¡¡Tim£¿us¡£¡¡¡¡ED¡£

67¡£¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Alemans£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xxii£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Bavarians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡1£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡iv¡££»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡regulations¡¡are¡¡to¡¡be¡¡found¡¡which¡¡the¡¡clergy¡¡made¡¡concerning¡¡their¡¡order¡£

68¡£¡¡Capitularies£»¡¡v¡£¡¡303¡£

69¡£¡¡Book¡¡i£»¡¡form¡£¡¡19¡£

70¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡789£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Capitularies¡¡by¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡250¡£

71¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

72¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

73¡£¡¡Pr£¿ceptum¡¡pro¡¡Hispanis£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡ed¡£¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡500¡£

74¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡844£»¡¡ed¡£¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡ii£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡1¡¡and¡¡2£»¡¡p¡£¡¡27¡£

75¡£¡¡Third¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡805£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡20¡¡and¡¡22£»¡¡inserted¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Collection¡¡of¡¡Angezise£»¡¡iii£»¡¡art¡£¡¡15¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡agreeable¡¡to¡¡that¡¡of¡¡Charles¡¡the¡¡Bald£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡854£»¡¡apud¡¡Attiniacum£»¡¡art¡£¡¡6¡£

76¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

77¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡10¡¡and¡¡11£»¡¡ed¡£¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡498¡£

78¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡10¡¡and¡¡11¡£

79¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡813£»¡¡art¡£¡¡6£»¡¡ed¡£¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡508¡£

80¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡813£»¡¡art¡£¡¡6¡£

81¡£¡¡Book¡¡iv¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Capitularies£»¡¡art¡£¡¡37£»¡¡and¡¡inserted¡¡in¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards¡£

82¡£¡¡Book¡¡iv¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Capitularies£»¡¡art¡£¡¡37¡£

83¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡805£»¡¡art¡£¡¡8¡£

84¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡805£»¡¡art¡£¡¡8¡£

85¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡864£»¡¡art¡£¡¡34£»¡¡ed¡£¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡192¡£

86¡£¡¡Ibid¡£

87¡£¡¡The¡¡28th¡¡article¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡edict¡¡explains¡¡this¡¡extremely¡¡well£»¡¡it¡¡even¡¡makes¡¡a¡¡distinction¡¡between¡¡a¡¡Roman¡¡freedman¡¡and¡¡a¡¡Frank¡¡freedman£º¡¡and¡¡we¡¡likewise¡¡see¡¡there¡¡that¡¡the¡¡census¡¡was¡¡not¡¡general£»¡¡it¡¡deserves¡¡to¡¡be¡¡read¡£

88¡£¡¡As¡¡appears¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Charlemagne¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡813£»¡¡which¡¡we¡¡have¡¡already¡¡quoted¡£

89¡£¡¡Comites¡£¡¡De¡¡Moribus¡¡Germanorum£»¡¡13¡£

90¡£¡¡Qui¡¡sunt¡¡in¡¡truste¡¡regis£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡44£»¡¡art¡£¡¡4¡£

91¡£¡¡Book¡¡i£»¡¡form¡£¡¡18¡£

92¡£¡¡From¡¡the¡¡word¡¡trew£»¡¡which¡¡signifies¡¡faithful¡¡among¡¡the¡¡Germans¡£

93¡£¡¡Leudes£»¡¡fideles¡£

94¡£¡¡Vassalli£»¡¡seniores¡£

95¡£¡¡Fiscalia¡£¡¡See¡¡Marculfus£»¡¡i¡£¡¡form¡£¡¡14¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡mentioned¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Life¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Maur£»¡¡dedit¡¡fiscum¡¡unum£º¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡annals¡¡of¡¡Metz£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡747£»¡¡dedit¡¡illi¡¡comitatus¡¡et¡¡fiscos¡¡plurimos¡£¡¡The¡¡goods¡¡designed¡¡for¡¡the¡¡support¡¡of¡¡the¡¡royal¡¡family¡¡were¡¡called¡¡regalia¡£

96¡£¡¡See¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡1£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fiefs£»¡¡and¡¡Cujas¡¡on¡¡that¡¡book¡£

97¡£¡¡Book¡¡ix¡£¡¡38¡£

98¡£¡¡Ibid¡££»¡¡vii¡£

99¡£¡¡Book¡¡i£»¡¡form¡£¡¡30¡£

100¡£¡¡Book¡¡iii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡8£»¡¡¡ì¡¡3¡£

101¡£¡¡Feudorum£»¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡1¡£

102¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡precarious¡¡tenure¡¡which¡¡the¡¡lord¡¡consented¡¡or¡¡refused¡¡to¡¡renew¡¡every¡¡year£»¡¡as¡¡Cujas¡¡has¡¡observed¡£

103¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Charlemagne¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡arts¡£¡¡3¡¡and¡¡4£»¡¡ed¡£¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡491£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡edict¡¡of¡¡Pistes¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡864£»¡¡art¡£¡¡26£»¡¡ii£»¡¡p¡£¡¡186¡£

104¡£¡¡Book¡¡ii¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Capitularies£»¡¡art¡£¡¡28¡£

105¡£¡¡They¡¡were¡¡called¡¡Compagenses¡£

106¡£¡¡Published¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡595£»¡¡art¡£¡¡1¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Capitularies£»¡¡ed¡£¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡20¡£¡¡These¡¡regulations¡¡were¡¡undoubtedly¡¡made¡¡by¡¡agreement¡£

107¡£¡¡Advocati¡£

108¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Charlemagne£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡art¡£¡¡1¡¡and¡¡5£»¡¡ed¡£¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡490¡£

109¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡803£»¡¡published¡¡at¡¡Worms£»¡¡ed¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡pp¡£¡¡408£»¡¡410¡£

110¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Worms¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡803£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡409£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡council¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡845£»¡¡under¡¡Charles£»¡¡the¡¡Bald£»¡¡in¡¡verno¡¡palatio£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡ii£»¡¡p¡£¡¡17£»¡¡art¡£¡¡8¡£

111¡£¡¡The¡¡fifth¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡819£»¡¡art¡£¡¡27£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡618¡£

112¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡11¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡art¡£¡¡7£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡494¡£

113¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡i¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡art¡£¡¡5£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡490¡£

114¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡812£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡i£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡p¡£¡¡490¡£

115¡£¡¡Establishment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡Monarchy£»¡¡iii£»¡¡book¡¡VI£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡iv£»¡¡p¡£¡¡299¡£

116¡£¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡882£»¡¡art¡£¡¡11£»¡¡apud¡¡vernis¡¡palatium£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡ii£»¡¡p¡£¡¡289¡£

117¡£¡¡Art¡£¡¡1£»¡¡2£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡council¡¡in¡¡verno¡¡palatio¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡845£»¡¡art¡£¡¡8£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡ii£»¡¡p¡£¡¡17¡£

118¡£¡¡Or¡¡assizes¡£

119¡£¡¡Capitularies£»¡¡book¡¡iv¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Collection¡¡of¡¡Angezise£»¡¡art¡£¡¡57£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡fifth¡¡capitulary¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡the¡¡Debonnaire£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡819£»¡¡art¡£¡¡14£»¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡615¡£

120¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡8th¡¡note¡¡of¡¡the¡¡preceding¡¡chapter¡£

121¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡found¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Collection¡¡of¡¡William¡¡Larabard£»¡¡De¡¡Priscis¡¡Anglorum¡¡legibus¡£

122¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡word¡¡Satrapia¡£

123¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡well¡¡explained¡¡by¡¡the¡¡assizes¡¡of¡¡Jerusalem£»¡¡221£»¡¡222¡£

124¡£¡¡The¡¡advowees¡¡of¡¡the¡¡church¡¡£¨advocati£©¡¡were¡¡equally¡¡at¡¡the¡¡head¡¡of¡¡their¡¡placita¡¡and¡¡of¡¡their¡¡militia¡£

125¡£¡¡See¡¡Marculfus£»¡¡i£»¡¡form¡£¡¡8£»¡¡which¡¡contains¡¡the¡¡letters¡¡given¡¡to¡¡a¡¡duke£»¡¡patrician£»¡¡or¡¡count£»¡¡and¡¡invests¡¡them¡¡with¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡jurisdiction£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡fiscal¡¡administration¡£

126¡£¡¡Chronicle£»¡¡78£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡636¡£

127¡£¡¡See¡¡concerning¡¡this¡¡subject¡¡the¡¡capitularies¡¡of¡¡Louis¡¡the¡¡Debonnaire¡¡added¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Salic¡¡law£»¡¡art¡£¡¡2£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡formula¡¡of¡¡judgments¡¡given¡¡by¡¡Du¡¡Cange¡¡in¡¡the¡¡word¡¡boni¡¡homines¡£

128¡£¡¡Per¡¡bonos¡¡homines£»¡¡sometimes¡¡there¡¡were¡¡none¡¡but¡¡principal¡¡men¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡appendix¡¡to¡¡the¡¡formularies¡¡of¡¡Marculfus£»¡¡51¡£

129¡£¡¡And¡¡some¡¡tolls¡¡on¡¡rivers£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡spoken¡¡already¡£

130¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ripuarians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡89£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡ii£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡52£»¡¡¡ì¡¡9¡£

131¡£¡¡Tacitus£»¡¡De¡¡Moribus¡¡Germanorum£»¡¡21¡£

132¡£¡¡See¡¡this¡¡law¡¡in¡¡the¡¡2nd¡¡title¡¡on¡¡murders£»¡¡and¡¡Vulemar's¡¡addition¡¡on¡¡robberies¡£

133¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡i£»¡¡¡ì¡¡1¡£

134¡£¡¡Salic¡¡Law£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡8£»¡¡¡ì¡¡1£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡17£»¡¡¡ì¡¡3¡£

135¡£¡¡The¡¡Salic¡¡laws¡¡are¡¡admirable¡¡in¡¡this¡¡respect£»¡¡see¡¡especially¡¡the¡¡titles¡¡3£»¡¡4£»¡¡5£»¡¡6£»¡¡and¡¡7£»¡¡which¡¡related¡¡to¡¡the¡¡stealing¡¡of¡¡cattle¡£

136¡£¡¡Book¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡7£»¡¡¡ì¡¡15¡£

137¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Angli£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡1£»¡¡¡ì¡ì¡¡1£»2£»¡¡and¡¡4£»¡¡ibid¡£¡¡tit¡£¡¡5£»¡¡¡ì¡¡6£»¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Bavarians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡1£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡8£»¡¡9£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Frisians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡15¡£

138¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡2£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xx¡£

139¡£¡¡Hozidra£»¡¡Ozza£»¡¡Sagana£»¡¡Habalingua£»¡¡Anniena¡£¡¡¡¡Ibid¡£

140¡£¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡Ina¡¡valued¡¡life¡¡by¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡sum¡¡of¡¡money£»¡¡or¡¡by¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡land¡£¡¡Leges¡¡In£¿¡¡regis£»¡¡titulo¡¡de¡¡villico¡¡regio¡¡de¡¡priscis¡¡Anglorum¡¡legibus¡£¡¡¡¡Cambridge£»¡¡1644¡£

141¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Saxons£»¡¡which¡¡makes¡¡this¡¡same¡¡regulation¡¡for¡¡several¡¡people£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xviii¡£¡¡See¡¡also¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ripuarians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡36£»¡¡¡ì¡¡11£»¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Bavarians£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡1£»¡¡¡ì¡ì¡¡10¡¡and¡¡11¡£

142¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡25¡¡¡ì¡¡21£»¡¡ibid¡££»¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡9£»¡¡¡ì¡ì¡¡8£»¡¡34£»¡¡ibid¡££»¡¡¡ì¡¡38£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Charlemagne¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡802£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xxxii£»¡¡containing¡¡an¡¡instruction¡¡given¡¡to¡¡those¡¡whom¡¡he¡¡sent¡¡into¡¡the¡¡provinces¡£

143¡£¡¡See¡¡in¡¡Gregory¡¡of¡¡Tours£»¡¡vii¡£¡¡47£»¡¡the¡¡detail¡¡of¡¡a¡¡process£»¡¡wherein¡¡a¡¡party¡¡loses¡¡half¡¡the¡¡composition¡¡that¡¡had¡¡been¡¡adjudged¡¡to¡¡him£»¡¡for¡¡having¡¡done¡¡justice¡¡to¡¡himself£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡receiving¡¡satisfaction£»¡¡whatever¡¡injury¡¡he¡¡might¡¡have¡¡afterwards¡¡received¡£

144¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Saxons£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡iii£»¡¡¡ì¡¡4£»¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡37£»¡¡¡ì¡ì¡¡1¡¡and¡¡2£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Alemans£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡45£»¡¡¡ì¡ì¡¡1¡¡and¡¡2¡£¡¡This¡¡last¡¡law¡¡gave¡¡leave¡¡to¡¡the¡¡party¡¡injured¡¡to¡¡right¡¡himself¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡spot£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡transport¡¡of¡¡passion¡£¡¡See¡¡also¡¡the¡¡Capitularies¡¡of¡¡Charlemagne¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡779£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xxii£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡802£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xxxii£»¡¡and¡¡also¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡805£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡v¡£

145¡£¡¡The¡¡compilers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ripuarians¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡have¡¡softened¡¡this¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡85th¡¡title¡¡of¡¡those¡¡laws¡£

146¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡decree¡¡of¡¡Tassillon£»¡¡De¡¡Popularibus¡¡legibus£»¡¡art¡£¡¡3£»¡¡4£»¡¡10£»¡¡16£»¡¡19£»¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Angli£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡vii¡£¡¡¡ì¡¡4¡£

147¡£¡¡Book¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡ix£»¡¡¡ì¡¡4¡£

148¡£¡¡Pactus¡¡pro¡¡tenore¡¡pads¡¡inter¡¡Childebertum¡¡et¡¡Clotarium£»¡¡anno¡¡593£»¡¡et¡¡decretio¡¡Clotarii¡¡2¡¡regis£»¡¡circa¡¡annum¡¡595£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡xi¡£

149¡£¡¡When¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not¡¡determined¡¡by¡¡the¡¡law£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡generally¡¡the¡¡third¡¡of¡¡what¡¡was¡¡given¡¡for¡¡the¡¡composition£»¡¡as¡¡appears¡¡in¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ripuarians£»¡¡cap¡£¡¡lxxxix£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡explained¡¡by¡¡the¡¡third¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡year¡¡813¡£¡¡¡¡Edition¡¡of¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i£»¡¡p¡£¡¡512¡£

150¡£¡¡Book¡¡i£»¡¡tit¡£¡¡9£»¡¡¡ì¡¡17£»¡¡ed¡£¡¡Lindembrock¡£

151¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡70¡£

152¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡46¡£¡¡See¡¡also¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Lombards£»¡¡i¡£¡¡cap¡£¡¡xxi£»¡¡¡ì¡¡3£»¡¡Lindembrock's¡¡edition£»¡¡si¡¡caballus¡¡cum¡¡pede£»¡¡&c¡£

153¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡28£»¡¡¡ì¡¡6¡£

154¡£¡¡As¡¡appears¡¡by¡¡the¡¡decree¡¡of¡¡Clotharius¡¡II¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡595¡£

155¡£¡¡Tit¡£¡¡89¡£

156¡£¡¡Capitulare¡¡incerti¡¡anni£»¡¡57£»¡¡in¡¡Baluzius£»¡¡i¡¡p¡£¡¡515£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡observed£»¡¡that¡¡what¡¡was¡¡called¡¡fredum¡¡or¡¡faida£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡monuments¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first¡¡race£»¡¡is¡¡known¡¡by¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡bannum¡¡in¡¡those¡¡of¡¡the¡¡second¡¡race£»¡¡as¡¡appears¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡de¡¡partibus¡¡Saxoni£¿£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡789¡£

157¡£¡¡See¡¡the¡¡Capitulary¡¡of¡¡Charlemagne£»¡¡de¡¡villis£»¡¡where¡¡he¡¡ranks¡¡these¡¡freda¡¡among¡¡the¡¡great¡¡revenues¡¡of¡¡what¡¡was¡¡called¡¡villa£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡king's¡¡demesnes¡£

158¡£¡¡See¡¡Marculfus£»¡¡i£»¡¡form¡£¡¡
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü