《forty centuries of ink》

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A。 D。 1525 and ending A。 D。 1814; I present

herewith a compilation of the names of over one hundred

of the best known calligraphers and authors of

the world; and not to be found as a whole in any public

or private library。 It is arranged in chronological

order。



1525。



The first English essay on the subject of

〃Curious Calligraphy〃 was by a woman who

from all accounts possessed most remarkable

facility in the use of the pen as well as a

knowledge of languages。 Her name was Elizabeth

Lucar; as she was born in London in

1510 and died 1537; her work must have

been accomplished when only fifteen years of

age。



1540。



Roger Ascham; best known as the tutor of

Queen Elizabeth。



1570。



Peter Bales; author of many works; 〃The

Writing Schoolmaster;〃 which he published in

three parts; being the best known。 He was

also a microscopic writer。 His rooms were at

the sign of 〃The Hand and Golden Pen;〃

London。



1571。



John de Beauchesne; teacher of the Princess

Elizabeth; daughter of King James I。 Author

of many copy books。



1588。



John Mellis; 〃Merchants Accounts;〃 etc。



1600。



Elizabeth Jane Weston; of London and Prague;

wrote many poems in old Latin。



1600。



Hester Inglis; 〃The Psalms of David。〃



1601。



John Davies; 〃The Writing Schoolmaster; or

Anatomy of Fair Writing。〃



1616。



Richard Gething; 〃The Hand and Pen;

1645; 〃Chirographia〃 and many others。



1618。



Martin Billingsley; 〃The Writing Schoolmaster;

or the Anatomie of Fair Writing。〃 This

author was writing master to King Charles I。



1622。



David Brown; who was scribe to King James I。

〃Calligraphia。〃



1622。



William Comley; 〃Copy…Book of all the most

usual English Hands;〃 etc。



1646。



Josiah Ricrafte; 〃The Peculiar Character of

the Oriental Languages。〃



1650。



Louis Hughes; 〃Plain and Easy Directions to

Fair Writing。〃



1650。



John Johnson; 〃The Usual Practices of Fair

and Speedy Writing。〃



1651。



John Clithers; 〃The Pens Paradise;〃 dedicated

to Prince Charles。



1652。



James Seamer; 〃A Compendium of All the

Usual Hands Written in England。〃



1657。



Edward Cocker; penman and engraver; famous

in his time for the number and variety of his

productions。 Author of 〃The Pen's Triumph;〃

〃The Artist's Glory;〃 〃England's Penman;〃

and many more。



1659。



James Hodder; 〃The Penman's Recreation;〃

etc。



1660。



John Fisher; 〃The Pen's Treasury。〃



1663。



Richard Daniel; 〃A Compendium of many

hands of Various Countries。〃



1669。



Peter Story or Stent; 〃Fair Writing of Several

Hands in Use。〃



1678。



William Raven; 〃An Exact Copy of the Court

Hand。〃



1680。



Peter Ivers; famous for his engrossing and

drawings。



1680。



Thomas Watson; 〃Copy…Book of Alphabets。〃



1681。



John Pardie; 〃An Essay on the German Text

and Old Print Alphabets。〃



1681。



Thomas Weston; 〃Ancilla Calligraphiae。〃



1681。



Peter Gery; 〃Copy book of all the Hands in

use; Performed according to the Natural Freeness

of the Pen。〃



1681。



William Elder; 〃Copy…book of the most useful

and necessary Hands now used in England。〃



1683。



John Ayers; 〃Tutor to Penmanship;〃 and

many others。



1684。



Caleb Williams; 〃Nuncius Oris;〃 written and

engraved by himself。



1693。



Charles Snell; 〃The Penman's Treasury

Opened;〃 1712; 〃Art of Writing in Theory

and Practice;〃 1714; 〃Standard Rules;〃 etc。



1695。



Richard Alleine; writing master。



1695。



Eleazer Wigin; 〃The Hand and Pen。〃



1695。



John Sedden; 〃The Penman's Paradise。〃



1696。



John Eade; writing master。



1699。



Joseph Alleine; published several books about

writing and accounts。



1699。



Robert More; 〃The Writing Masters Assistant。〃

1725。 〃The General Penman。〃



1700。



John Beckham; father of the celebrated George

Beckham; wrote and engraved several pieces

for 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1700。



Edward Smith; 〃The Mysteries of the Pen in

fifteen Hands; Unfolded;〃 etc。



1700。



Henry Legg; 〃Writing and Arithmetic。〃



1702。



William Banson; 〃The Merchants Penman。〃



1703。



John Dundas; microscopic writer。



1705。



George Shelley; 〃The Penmans Magazine。〃

In 1730 he wrote several pages for 〃Bickman's

Universal Penman。〃



1708。



John Clark; 〃The Penmans Diversion。〃



1709。



James Heacock; writing master。



1709。



George Shelley; 〃Natural writing in all

hands。〃



1711。



George Bickham; one of the most famous of

writers of his time; born 1684; died 1758; author

of 〃The Universal Penman。〃 He published

many works。 1711; 〃The British Penman;〃

1731; 〃Penmanship in its utmost

Beauty and Extent〃 and 〃The Universal Penman〃

are the best known。



1709。



John Rayner; 〃Paul's Scholars Copy…Book。〃



1711。



Humphrey Johnson; 〃Youth's Recreation: a

Copy…Book of Writing done by Command of

Hand。〃



1712。



William Webster; writing and mathematics。

1730; wrote several pages for 〃The Universal

Penman。〃



1713。



Thomas Ollyffe; 〃The Hand and Pen。〃 1714;

〃The Practical Penman。〃



1717。



William Brooks; 〃Delightful Recreation for

the Industrious。〃 Contributor to 〃The Universal

Penman。〃



1717。



Abraham Nicholas; 〃Various Examples of Penmanship。〃

1722; 〃The Compleat Writing

Master。〃 Wrote also for 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1719。



Ralph Snow; 〃Youths Introduction to Handwriting。〃



1720。



William Richards; 〃The Complete Penman。〃



1723。



John Jarman; 〃A System of Court Hands。〃



1724。



Henry Lune; 〃Round Hand Complete。〃



1725。



John Shortland; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1725。



Edward Dawson; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1726。



Moses Gratwick; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1727。



John Langton; 〃The Italien Hand。〃



1728。



John Day; writing master and contributor to

〃The Universal Penman。〃



1729。



Gabriel Brooks; writing master and contributor

to; 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1730。



William Keppax; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1730。



John Bland; 〃Essay in Writing。〃 Also contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1730。



Solomon Cook; 〃The Modish Round Hand。〃



1730。



William Leckey; 〃A Discourse on the Use of

the Pen。〃 Contributor to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1730。



Peter Norman; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1730。



Wellington Clark; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1730。



Zachary Chambers; 〃Vive la Plume。〃 Contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1733。



Bright Whilton; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1734。



Timothy Treadway; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1738。



George J。 Bickham; writing master; also wrote

for 〃Bickham's Universal Penman。〃



1739。



Emanuel Austin; writing master; he wrote 22

pages in 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1739。



Samuel Vaux; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1740。



Jeremiah Andrews; writing master and tutor

to King George III。



1740。



Nathaniel Dove; 〃The Progress of Time;〃 and

contributor to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1741。



John Blande; 〃Essay in Writing; 1730; contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1741。



Richard Morris; writing master and contributor

to 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1747。



Mary Johns; microscopic writer and author。



1749。



Charles Woodham; 〃A Specimen of Writing;

in the most Useful Hands now Practised in England。〃



1750。



John Oldfield; 〃Honesty。〃 He wrote one piece

in 〃The Universal Penman。〃



1750。



Joseph Champion; 〃The Parallel or Comparative

Penmanship。〃 1762; 〃The Living Hands。〃



1751。



Edward Lloyd; 〃Young Merchants Assistant。〃



1758。



Richard Clark; 〃Practical and Ornamental Penmanship。〃



1760。



Benjamin Webb; writer of copy books; etc。



1762。



William Chinnery; 〃The Compendious Emblematist。〃



1763。



William Massey; 〃The Origin and Progress of

Letters;〃 containing valuable information

about the art。



1769。



John Gardner; 〃Introduction to the Counting

House。〃



1780。



Edward Powell; writing master and designer。



1784。



E。 Butterworth; 〃The Universal Penman〃 in

two parts; published in Edinburgh。



1795。



William Milns; 〃The Penman's Repository。〃



1799。



William G。 Wheatcroft; 〃The Modern Penman。〃



1814。



John Carstairs; 〃Tachygraphy; or the Flying

Pen。〃 2。 〃Writing made easy; etc。〃



Illustrated works on the subject of penmanship of

contemporaneous times and not of English origin are

but few。 The best known are:



1543。



Luduvico Vicentino; 〃A Copy book〃 published

in Rome; seems to have been the first。



1570。



Il perfetto Scrittore (The Perfect Writer) by

Francesco Cresci; published in Rome。



1605。



Spieghel der Schrijkfkonste (or Mirror of

Penmanship) written by Van den Velde; published

in Amsterdam。



1612。



〃Writing and Ink Recipes;〃 by Peter Caniparius;

Venice and London。



1700。



Der Getreue Schreibemeister (or True Writing

Master); by Johann Friedr Vicum; published

in Dresden。



From 1602 to 1709 many 〃Indian〃 ink specimens

were extant and are still of the different schools of

penmanship。 The productions of Phrysius; Materot and

Barbedor illustrating the French style; Vignon; Sell
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