Pyrr the plural of Por； a lord； i。e。 the Manor of the lords； and； consequently； Inys Pyrr； the Island of the lords。 As no mention whatever is made of the castle in the Welsh Chronicle； I am inclined to think it was only a castellated mansion； and therefore considered of no military importance in those days of continued warfare throughout Wales。 It is one of the most interesting spots in our author's Itinerary； for it was the property of the Barri family； and the birth…place of Giraldus； in the parish church； the sepulchral effigy of a near relation； perhaps a brother； is still extant； in good preservation。 Our author has evidently made a digression in order to describe this place。
｛114｝ The house of Stephen Wiriet was； I presume； Orielton。 There is a monument in the church of St。 Nicholas； at Pembroke； to the memory of John； son and heir of Sir Hugh Owen； of Bodeon in Anglesea； knight； and Elizabeth； daughter and heir of George Wiriet； of Orielton； A。D。 1612。
｛115｝ The family name of Not； or Nott； still exists in Pembrokeshire。 ＇The descendants of Sir Hugh continued to live at Orielton； and the title is still in existence。＇
｛116｝ There are two churches in Pembrokeshire called Stackpoole； one of which； called Stackpoole Elidor； derived its name probably from the Elidore de Stakepole mentioned in this chapter by Giraldus。 It contains several ancient monuments； and amongst them the effigies of a cross…legged knight； which has been for many years attributed to the aforesaid Elidore。
｛117｝ Ramsey Island； near St。 David's； was always famous for its breed of falcons。
｛118｝ Camros； a small village； containing nothing worthy of remark； excepting a large tumulus。 It appears； by this route of the Crusaders； that the ancient road to Menevia； or St。 David's； led through Camros； whereas the present turnpike road lies a mile and a half to the left of it。 It then descends to Niwegal Sands； and passes near the picturesque little harbour of Solvach； situated in a deep and narrow cove； surrounded by high rocks。
｛119｝ The remains of vast submerged forests are commonly found on many parts of the coast of Wales； especially in the north。 Giraldus has elsewhere spoken of this event in the Vaticinal History； book i。 chap。 35。
｛120｝ Giraldus； ever glad to pun upon words； here opposes the word NOMEN to OMEN。 〃Plus nominis habens quem ominis。〃 He may have perhaps borrowed this expression from Plautus。 Plautus Delphini； tom。 ii。 p。 27。 … Actus iv。； Scena iv。
｛121｝ Armorica is derived from the Celtic words Ar and Mor； which signify on or near the sea； and so called to distinguish it from the more inland parts of Britany。 The maritime cities of Gaul were called 〃Armoricae civitates … Universis civitatibus quae oceanum attingunt； quaeque Gallorum consuetudine Armoricae appellantur。〃 … Caesar。 Comment； lib。 vii。
｛122｝ The bishops of Hereford； Worcester； Llandaff； Bangor； St。 Asaph； Llanbadarn； and Margam； or Glamorgan。
｛123｝ The value of the carucate is rather uncertain； or； probably； it varied in different districts according to the character of the land； but it is considered to have been usually equivalent to a hide； that is； to about 240 statute acres。
｛124｝ This little brook does not； in modern times； deserve the title here given to it by Giraldus； for it produces trout of a most delicious flavour。
｛125｝ See the Vaticinal History； book i。 c。 37。
｛126｝ Lechlavar； so called from the words in Welsh； Llec； a stone； and Llavar； speech。
｛127｝ Cemmeis； Cemmaes； Kemes； and Kemeys。 Thus is the name of this district variously spelt。 Cemmaes in Welsh signifies a circle or amphitheatre for games。
｛128｝ ＇Cardigan。＇
｛129｝ There is place in Cemmaes now called Tre…liffan； i。e。 Toad's town； and over a chimney…piece in the house there is a figure of a toad sculptured in marble； said to have been brought from Italy； and intended probably to confirm and commemorate this tradition of Giraldus。
｛130｝ Preseleu； Preselaw； Prescelly； Presselw。
｛131｝ St。 Bernacus is said； by Cressy； to have been a man of admirable sanctity； who； through devotion； made a journey to Rome； and from thence returning into Britany； filled all places with the fame of his piety and miracles。 He is commemorated on the 7th of April。 Several churches in Wales were dedicated to him； one of which； called Llanfyrnach； or the church of St。 Bernach； is situated on the eastern side of the Prescelley mountain。
｛132｝ The 〃castrum apud Lanhever〃 was at Nevern； a small village between Newport and Cardigan； situated on the banks of a little river bearing the same name which discharges itself into the sea at Newport。 On a hill immediately above the western side of the parish church； is the site of a large castle； undoubtedly the one alluded to by Giraldus。
｛133｝ On the Cemmaes； or Pembrokeshire side of the river Teivi； and near the end of the bridge； there is a place still called Park y Cappel； or the Chapel Field； which is undoubtedly commemorative of the circumstance recorded by our author。
｛134｝ Now known by the name of Kenarth； which may be derived from Cefn y garth … the back of the wear； a ridge of land behind the wear。
｛135｝ The name of St。 Ludoc is not found in the lives of the saints。 Leland mentions a St。 Clitauc； who had a church dedicated to him in South Wales； and who was killed by some of his companions whilst hunting。 〃Clitaucus Southe…Walliae regulus inter venandum a suis sodalibus occisus est。 Ecciesia S。 Clitauci in Southe Wallia。〃 … Leland； Itin。； tom。 viii。 p。 95。
｛136｝ The Teivy is still very justly distinguished for the quantity and quality of its salmon； but the beaver no longer disturbs its streams。 That this animal did exist in the days of Howel Dha （though even then a rarity）； the mention made of it in his laws； and the high price set upon its skin； most clearly evince； but if the castor of Giraldus； and the avanc of Humphrey Llwyd and of the Welsh dictionaries； be really the same animal； it certainly was not peculiar to the Teivi； but was equally known in North Wales； as the names of places testify。 A small lake in Montgomeryshire is called Llyn yr Afangc； a pool in the river Conwy； not far from Bettws； bears the same name； and the vale called Nant Ffrancon； upon the river Ogwen； in Caernarvonshire； is supposed by the natives to be a corruption from Nant yr Afan cwm； or the Vale of the Beavers。 Mr。 Owen； in his dictionary； says； 〃That it has been seen in this vale within the memory of man。〃 Giraldus has previously spoken of the beaver in his Topography of Ireland； Distinc。 i。 c。 21。
｛137｝ Our author having made a long digression； in order to introduce the history of the beaver； now continues his Itinerary。 From Cardigan； the archbishop proceeded towards Pont…Stephen； leaving a hill； called Cruc Mawr； on the left hand； which still retains its ancient name； and agrees exactly with the position given to it by Giraldus。 On its summit is a tumulus； and some appearance of an intrenchment。
｛138｝ In 1135。
｛139｝ Lampeter； or Llanbedr； a small town near the river Teivi； still retains the name of Pont…Stephen。
｛140｝ Leland thus speaks of Ystrad Fflur or Strata Florida： 〃Strateflere is set round about with montanes not far distant； except on the west parte； where Diffrin Tyve is。 Many hilles therabout hath bene well woddid； as evidently by old rotes apperith； but now in them is almost no woode … the causes be these。 First； the wood cut down was never copisid； and this hath beene a cause of destruction of wood thorough Wales。 Secondly； after cutting down of woodys； the gottys hath so bytten the young spring that it never grew but lyke shrubbes。 Thirddely； men for the monys destroied the great woddis that thei should not harborow theves。〃 This monastery is situated in the wildest part of Cardiganshire； surrounded on three sides by a lofty range of those mountains； called by our author Ellennith； a spot admirably suited to the severe and recluse order of the Cistercians。
｛141｝ ＇Melenydd or Maelienydd。＇
｛142｝ Leaving Stratflur； the archbishop and his train returned to Llanddewi Brefi； and from thence proceeded to Llanbadarn Vawr。
｛143｝ Llanbadarn Fawr； the church of St。 Paternus the Great； is situated in a valley； at a short distance from the sea…port town of Aberystwyth in Cardiganshire。
｛144｝ The name of this bishop is said to have been Idnerth； and the same personage whose death is commemorated in an inscription at Llanddewi Brefi。
｛145｝ This river is now called Dovey。
｛146｝ From Llanbadarn our travellers directed their course towards the sea…coast； and ferrying over the river Dovey； which separates North from South Wales； proceeded to Towyn； in Merionethshire； where they passed the night。 ＇Venedotia is the Latin name for Gwynedd。＇
｛147｝ The province of Merionyth was at this period occupied by David； the son of Owen Gwynedd； who had seized it forcibly from its rightful inheritor。 This Gruffydd … who must not be confused with his great…grandfather； the famous Gruffydd ap Conan； prince of Gwynedd … was son to Conan ap Owen Gwynedd； he died A。D。 1200； and was buried in a monk's cowl； in the abbey of Conway。
｛148｝ The epithet 〃bifurcus；〃 ascribed by Giraldus to the river Maw； alludes to its two branches； which unite their streams a little way below Llaneltid bridge； and form an aestuary； which flows down to the sea at Barmouth or Aber Maw。 The ford at this place； discovered by Malgo； no longer exists。
｛149｝ Llanfair is a small village； about a mile and a half from Harlech； with a very simple church； placed in a retired spot； backed by precipitous mountains。 Here the archbishop and Giraldus slept； on their journey from Towyn to Nevyn。
｛150｝ Ardudwy was a comot of the cantref Dunodic； in Merionethshire； and according to Leland； 〃Streccith from half Trait Mawr to Abermaw on the shore XII myles。〃 The bridge here alluded to； was probably over the river Artro； which forms a small aestuary near the village of Llanbedr。
｛151｝ The Traeth Mawr； or the large sands； are occasioned by a variety of springs and rivers which flow from the Snowdon mountains； and； uniting their streams； form an aestuary below Pont Aberglaslyn。
｛152｝ The Traeth Bychan； or t