nd； uniting their streams； form an aestuary below Pont Aberglaslyn。
｛152｝ The Traeth Bychan； or the small sands； are chiefly formed by the river which runs down the beautiful vale of Festiniog to Maentwrog and Tan y bwlch； near which place it becomes navigable。 Over each of these sands the road leads from Merionyth into Caernarvonshire。
｛153｝ Lleyn； the Canganorum promontorium of Ptolemy； was an extensive hundred containing three comots； and comprehending that long neck of land between Caernarvon and Cardigan bays。 Leland says； 〃Al Lene is as it were a pointe into the se。〃
｛154｝ In mentioning the rivers which the missionaries had lately crossed； our author has been guilty of a great topographical error in placing the river Dissennith between the Maw and Traeth Mawr； as also in placing the Arthro between the Traeth Mawr and Traeth Bychan； as a glance at a map will shew。
｛155｝ To two personages of this name the gift of prophecy was anciently attributed： one was called Ambrosius； the other Sylvestris； the latter here mentioned （and whose works Giraldus； after a long research； found at Nefyn） was； according to the story； the son of Morvryn； and generally called Merddin Wyllt； or Merddin the Wild。 He is pretended to have flourished about the middle of the sixth century； and ranked with Merddin Emrys and Taliesin； under the appellation of the three principal bards of the Isle of Britain。
｛156｝ This island once afforded； according to the old accounts； an asylum to twenty thousand saints； and after death； graves to as many of their bodies； whence it has been called Insula Sanctorum； the Isle of Saints。 This island derived its British name of Enlli from the fierce current which rages between it and the main land。 The Saxons named it Bardsey； probably from the Bards； who retired hither； preferring solitude to the company of invading foreigners。
｛157｝ This ancient city has been recorded by a variety of names。 During the time of the Romans it was called Segontium； the site of which is now called Caer Seiont； the fortress on the river Seiont； where the Setantiorum portus； and the Seteia AEstuarium of Ptolemy have also been placed。 It is called； by Nennius； Caer Custent； or the city of Constantius； and Matthew of Westminster says； that about the year 1283 the body of Constantius； father of the emperor Constantine； was found there； and honourably desposited in the church by order of Edward I。
｛158｝ I have searched in vain for a valley which would answer the description here given by Geraldus； and the scene of so much pleasantry to the travellers； for neither do the old or new road； from Caernarvon to Bangor； in any way correspond。 But I have since been informed； that there is a valley called Nant y Garth （near the residence of Ashton Smith； Esq。 at Vaenol）； which terminates at about half a mile's distance from the Menai； and therefore not observable from the road； it is a serpentine ravine of more than a mile； in a direction towards the mountains； and probably that which the crusaders crossed on their journey to Bangor。
｛159｝ Bangor。 … This cathedral church must not be confounded with the celebrated college of the same name； in Flintshire； founded by Dunod Vawr； son of Pabo； a chieftain who lived about the beginning of the sixth century； and from him called Bangor Dunod。 The Bangor； i。e。 the college； in Caernarvonshire； is properly called Bangor Deiniol； Bangor Vawr yn Arllechwedd； and Bangor Vawr uwch Conwy。 It owes its origin to Deiniol； son of Dunod ap Pabo； a saint who lived in the early part of the sixth century； and in the year 525 founded this college at Bangor； in Caernarvonshire； over which he presided as abbot。 Guy Rufus； called by our author Guianus； was at this time bishop of this see； and died in 1190。
｛160｝ Guianus； or Guy Rufus； dean of Waltham； in Essex； and consecrated to this see； at Ambresbury； Wilts； in May 1177。
｛161｝ Mona； or Anglesey。
｛162｝ The spot selected by Baldwin for addressing the multitude； has in some degree been elucidated by the anonymous author of the Supplement to Rowland's Mona Antiqua。 He says； that 〃From tradition and memorials still retained； we have reasons to suppose that they met in an open place in the parish of Landisilio； called Cerrig y Borth。 The inhabitants； by the grateful remembrance； to perpetuate the honour of that day； called the place where the archbishop stood； Carreg yr Archjagon； i。e。 the Archbishop's Rock； and where prince Roderic stood； Maen Roderic； or the Stone of Roderic。〃 This account is in part corroborated by the following communication from Mr。 Richard Llwyd of Beaumaris； who made personal inquiries on the spot。 〃Cerrig y Borth； being a rough； undulating district； could not； for that reason； have been chosen for addressing a multitude； but adjoining it there are two eminences which command a convenient surface for that purpose； one called Maen Rodi （the Stone or Rock of Roderic）； the property of Owen Williams； Esq。； and the other Carreg Iago； belonging to Lord Uxbridge。 This last； as now pronounced； means the Rock of St。 James； but I have no difficulty in admitting； that Carreg yr Arch Iagon may （by the compression of common； undiscriminating language； and the obliteration of the event from ignorant minds by the lapse of so many centuries） be contracted into Carreg Iago。 Cadair yr archesgob is now also contracted into Cadair （chair； a seat naturally formed in the rock； with a rude arch over it； on the road side； which is a rough terrace over the breast of a rocky and commanding cliff； and the nearest way from the above eminences to the insulated church of Landisilio。 This word Cadair； though in general language a chair； yet when applied to exalted situations； means an observatory； as Cadair Idris； etc。； but there can； in my opinion； be no doubt that this seat in the rock is that described by the words Cadair yr Archesgob。〃 ＇Still more probable； and certainly more flattering to Giraldus； is that it was called 〃Cadair yr Arch Ddiacon〃 （the Archdeacon's chair）。＇
｛163｝ This hundred contained the comots of Mynyw； or St。 David's； and Pencaer。
｛164｝ I am indebted to Mr。 Richard Llwyd for the following curious extract from a Manuscript of the late intelligent Mr。 Rowlands； respecting this miraculous stone； called Maen Morddwyd； or the stone of the thigh； which once existed in Llanidan parish。 〃Hic etiam lapis lumbi； vulgo Maen Morddwyd； in hujus caemiterii vallo locum sibi e longo a retro tempore obtinuit； exindeque his nuperis annis； quo nescio papicola vel qua inscia manu nulla ut olim retinente virtute； quae tunc penitus elanguit aut vetustate evaporavit； nullo sane loci dispendio； nec illi qui eripuit emolumento； ereptus et deportatus fuit。〃
｛165｝ Hugh； earl of Chester。 The first earl of Chester after the Norman conquest； was Gherbod； a Fleming； who； having obtained leave from king William to go into Flanders for the purpose of arranging some family concerns； was taken and detained a prisoner by his enemies； upon which the conqueror bestowed the earldom of Chester on Hugh de Abrincis or of Avranches； 〃to hold as freely by the sword； as the king himself did England by the crown。〃
｛166｝ This church is at Llandyfrydog； a small village in Twrkelin hundred； not far distant from Llanelian； and about three miles from the Bay of Dulas。 St。 Tyvrydog； to whom it was dedicated； was one of the sons of Arwystyl Glof； a saint who lived in the latter part of the sixth century。
｛167｝ Ynys Lenach； now known by the name of Priestholme Island； bore also the title of Ynys Seiriol； from a saint who resided upon it in the sixth century。 It is also mentioned by Dugdale and Pennant under the appellation of Insula Glannauch。
｛168｝ Alberic de Veer； or Vere； came into England with William the Conqueror； and as a reward for his military services； received very extensive possessions and lands； particularly in the county of Essex。 Alberic； his eldest son； was great chamberlain of England in the reign of king Henry I。； and was killed A。D。 1140； in a popular tumult at London。 Henry de Essex married one of his daughters named Adeliza。 He enjoyed； by inheritance； the office of standard…bearer； and behaved himself so unworthily in the military expedition which king Henry undertook against Owen Gwynedd； prince of North Wales； in the year 1157； by throwing down his ensign； and betaking himself to flight； that he was challenged for this misdemeanor by Robert de Mountford； and by him vanquished in single combat； whereby； according to the laws of his country； his life was justly forfeited。 But the king interposing his royal mercy； spared it； but confiscated his estates； ordering him to be shorn a monk； and placed in the abbey of Reading。 There appears to be some biographical error in the words of Giraldus … 〃Filia scilicet Henrici de Essexia；〃 for by the genealogical accounts of the Vere and Essex families； we find that Henry de Essex married the daughter of the second Alberic de Vere； whereas our author seems to imply； that the mother of Alberic the second was daughter to Henry de Essex。
｛169｝ 〃And Jacob took him rods of green poplar； and of the hazel； and of the chesnut tree； and peeled white strakes in them； and made the white appear which was in the rods。 And he set the rods； which he had peeled； before the flocks in the gutters in the watering troughs； when the flocks came to drink； that they should conceive when they came to drink。 And the flocks conceived before the rods； and brought forth cattle speckled and spotted。〃 … Gen。 xxx。
｛170｝ Owen Gwynedd； the son of Gruffydd ap Conan； died in 1169； and was buried at Bangor。 When Baldwin； during his progress； visited Bangor and saw his tomb； he charged the bishop （Guy Ruffus） to remove the body out of the cathedral； when he had a fit opportunity so to do； in regard that archbishop Becket had excommunicated him heretofore； because he had married his first cousin； the daughter of Grono ap Edwyn； and that notwithstanding he had continued to live with her till she died。 The bishop； in obedience to the charge； made a passage from the vault through the south wall of the church underground； and thus secretly shoved the body into the churchyard。 … Hengwrt。 MSS。 Cadwalader brother of Owen