I was picked as a 19yearold to be the Labor candidate。 All these soldiers said； "；Never again。 We're never going back to unemployment； the Great Depression； to fascism； to rearmament。 We want to build a new society。"；
TONY BENN，工党候选人，1945年：1945年夏天我坐军队的船回来，我是皇家空军的一名飞行员。19岁的我被推选为工党候选人。所有的战士都说：“再也不会了。我们再也不会失业，不会有大萧条，不会有法西斯主义，也不会重整军备了。我们想要建设一个新社会。”
NARRATOR： During the dark war years； Britain had been governed by a coalition of conservatives and socialists。 Winston Churchill； the great wartime leader and head of the Conservative Party； expected an easy victory。 Everywhere he went； huge crowds turned out to cheer the nation's hero。
旁白：在黑暗的战争年代，英国由保守党和社会主义者共同统治。温斯顿 ？邱吉尔－伟大的战时领导人和保守党领袖预期将很轻松地赢得胜利。无论他去到哪里，都有无数人为这位国家英雄欢呼。
Heading the campaign against Churchill was Clement Attlee； leader of the Labor Party。 Attlee argued that Britain had planned the war； and now planning would win the peace。
领导反对邱吉尔运动的是克莱门特？艾德礼，他是工党领袖。他争论说英国在战时作计划，现在计划将赢得和平。
BARBARA CASTLE； Labor MP； 19451979： We knew that our people would never have withstood the bombardments and the loss of life and the hardship if they hadn't been confident that their government was operating a policy of fair shares。 We set out to ensure that this system of fair shares and the planning and controls continued after the war。
BARBARA CASTLE，工党下院议员，1945－1979年：我们知道如果不是人民确信政府正实行公平参与地政策，那么他们决不会经得住炮轰、死亡和困难。我们宣布保证这个公平参与的体制以及计划和控制在战后仍会继续。
NARRATOR： Churchill； who was influenced by Hayek's book The Road to Serfdom； opposed planning and controls。
旁白：受哈耶克《通往奴役之路》一书影响的邱吉尔反对计划和控制。
WINSTON CHURCHILL： No socialist system can be established without a political police； some form of Gestapo。
温斯顿。邱吉尔：如果没有政治警察－某种形式的盖世太保，任何社会主义制度都无法建立。
RALPH HARRIS； Institute of Economic Affairs； 19571987： He got carried away with this Gestapo。 And this； of course； was carrying things to absurdity Gestapo in Britain！
RALPH HARRIS，经济问题研究所，1957－1987年：他陶醉于这个盖世太保论，而这当然把事情引向了谬论－英国盖世太保！
NARRATOR： Attlee； a mildmannered Christian Socialist； gave Churchill's gaffe a sinister spin。
旁白：艾德礼这位温文有礼的基督徒和社会主义者。
RALPH HARRIS： Attlee actually went out of his way to refer to this foreign professor with this august ＇name＇； Friedrich August von Hayek this foreign chap with a slightly German accent。
RALPH HARRIS：事实上艾德礼在尽力打听这个外国教授，Friedrich August von Hayek－一个有着轻微德国口音的外国家伙。
NARRATOR： Britain went to the polls。 The result was sensational。
旁白：英国人开始投票了。投票结果令人惊讶。
BBC RADIO NEWS： Here is the state of the parties up to 3：00； in detail： Conservatives 180； Labor 364。
BBC广播消息：到3：00为止，得票情况为保守党180，工党364。
NARRATOR： Churchill was out。 The people had voted for a new socialist Britain。
旁白：邱吉尔输了。人们投票选举了一个社会主义者。
BARBARA CASTLE： The Labor Party swept to power simply because the vast majority of people； particularly those men and women in the fighting forces who'd lived through the dreadful Depression years of the '30s； just said； "；Churchill's done a fine job of war leader； but we don't trust him to win the peace。"；
BARBARA CASTLE：工党获胜仅仅是因为绝大多数人，尤其是军队中那些从可怕的大萧条中活过来的人认为“邱吉尔作为战时领导人表现很好，但我们不信任他能够赢得和平。”
LEMENT ATTLEE： What kind of society do you want？
克莱门特。艾德礼：你想要哪种社会？
NARRATOR： Attlee promised his party that they would build a new Jerusalem。
旁白：艾德礼承诺他的党将把英国建成天堂。
CLEMENT ATTLEE： Let's go forward into this fight in the spirit of William Blake： "；I will not cease from mental fight； nor shall the sword sleep in my hand； till we have built Jerusalem in England's green and pleasant land。"；
克莱门特。艾德礼：让我们以William Blake的精神来进行战斗吧，“直到我们在英格兰美丽的绿色大地上建立了天堂，我才会停止精神斗争，才会让剑在我手中沉睡。”
NARRATOR： William Blake's hymn "；Jerusalem"； became an anthem for the Labor movement。
旁白：William Blake赞美诗中的“耶路撒冷”成了工人运动的圣歌。
BARBARA CASTLE： You know； it seemed to people who'd been through a war； it seemed to them natural justice。 Why not pool your resources？ And so we broke into the concept of the sacredness of private property。
BARBARA CASTLE：你知道，这对那些从战争中活下来的人来说是很自然的。为什么不共享资源呢？因此我们打破了私有财产神圣不可侵犯的观念。
NARRATOR： When Labor took power； private owners were pelled to sell their businesses。 Labor created a "；mixed economy"； in which newly nationalized industries coexisted with private enterprise。 Now governmentowned industries like coal； rail； and steel no longer enriched owners and shareholders； but worked for the mon good。
旁白：工党掌权后，私人业主被强迫卖掉他们的企业。工党创造了一种“混合经济”，在这种经济中国有企业和私人企业并存。现在公有行业（例如煤炭、铁路和钢铁）再也不是为业主和股东谋利益的，而是为公共利益服务的。
TONY BENN： So it was an act of regeneration； of renewal。 That was the hope； and it was the hope that gave us the welfare state； gave us the National Health Service； gave us full employment； gave us trade union rights； really rebuilt the country from the bottom up。
TONY BENN：因此这是一个重建和更新的行动。它是一个希望，一个建立福利国家的希望。它让我们拥有国民医疗服务制度、充分就业和工会权利；真正将国家从底向上重建了。
NARRATOR： The welfare state provided care； free of charge； "；from womb to tomb。"； Nobody； rich or poor； would need to fear poverty； ignorance； unemployment； ill health； or old age。
旁白：福利国家为公民提供“从出生到死亡”的照管。无论是富人还是穷人都不需要担心贫困、缺乏教育、失业、疾病或年老。
TONY BENN： And people said； "；This is better than allowing a lot of gamblers to run the world； where they're not interested in us； but only in profit。"；
TONY BENN：人们说：“这比让许多赌徒掌管世界要好。这些赌徒不关心我们，他们只对利润有兴趣。”
NARRATOR： Russia ended the war as a military and industrial giant。 With the Red Army and the Secret Police； Stalin imposed his economic system on half of Europe。
旁白：作为一个军事和工业巨人，俄国结束了这场战争。在红军和秘密警察的帮助下，斯大林把他的经济制度强加给半个欧洲。
JEFFREY SACHS： The planned economy of Lenin and Stalin had defeated fascism。 Scientific socialism seemed to be in the ascendancy。
杰裴里。萨克斯：列宁和斯大林的计划经济打败了法西斯主义。科学社会主义似乎处于优势地位。
NARRATOR： Socialism was on the march； capitalism and free markets were on the retreat。
旁白：社会主义在前进；资本主义和自由市场在退却。
JEFFREY SACHS： So about onethird of the world adopted socialism； sometimes to internal revolution； sometimes to brutal imposition by the Red Army。
杰裴里。萨克斯：因此世界的大约三分之一采取了社会主义，有的是因为国内革命，有的是因为红军的强迫。
NARRATOR： The world was divided。 The Cold War had begun。
旁白：世界被划分开来，冷战开始了。
Chapter 8： Pilgrim Mountain ＇3：43＇
第八章：朝圣山
Onscreen title： Switzerland； 1947
字幕标题：瑞士，1947年
NARRATOR： Hayek loved mountains。 He said they breathed freedom。 But he saw socialist ideals and the planned economy as threats to freedom； and so he anized a conference at a formerly fashionable hotel on the top of Mont Pelerin Pilgrim Mountain。
旁白：哈耶克热爱高山。他说他们自由地呼吸着。但是他认为社会主义思想和计划经济是对自由得威胁，因而他在Pelerin山－朝圣山－山顶一座以前很时髦的酒店中召集了一次大会。
RALPH HARRIS： Well； what happened in 1947 was that Hayek at last brought off a great dream； which was to assemble 36； mostly economists； some historians； and a few journalists； a handful of what he regarded as survivors； good eggs； good intellectuals； who understood the market economy and the whole of the case。
RALPH HARRIS：1947年哈耶克终于完成了这个伟大的梦想，与会者有36个人－主要是经济学家，还有一些历史学家和新闻记者，一群他认为是幸存者、趣味相投的人、好知识分子，他们理解市场经济，明白整个情形。
MILTON FRIEDMAN； Professor Emeritus； University of Chicago： This was Hayek's belief and the belief of other people who joined him there； that freedom was in serious danger。
弗里德曼（MILTON FRIEDMAN），芝加哥大学名誉退休教授：这是哈耶克的信仰，也是加入他团体的那些人的信仰－自由正处于极度危险之中。
NARRATOR： One of the delegates was a young economist from Chicago； Milton Friedman。
旁白：其中一位代表是来自芝加哥的年轻经济学家－Milton Friedman。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： The point of the meeting was very clear。 Hayek and others felt that the world was turning toward planning and that somehow we had to develop an intellectual current that would offset that movement。
弗里德曼：会议的宗旨非常明确。哈耶克和其他人认为世界正朝着中央计划的方向转变，而我们必须以某种方式来形成一种思潮以抵消这种运动。
NARRATOR： They met downstairs in the cocktail bar。 The room and its furniture are not much changed。
旁白：他们在鸡尾酒吧的楼下相遇。这个房间和里面的家具没什么变化。
RALPH HARRIS： The whole world was shadowed by the Iron Curtain； the Russian threat； by the failure to establish democracies in the Eastern European countries and by the prevalence everywhere intellectually of these ideas of collectivism arising from the war。 The argument always was that democracy is impossible without a free economy。 You need a free economy； free economy is a necessary though not a sufficient condition for democracy。
RALPH HARRIS：整个世界都笼罩在铁幕的阴影之下，还有俄国的威胁、在东欧国家建立民主政府的失败以及战时出现的集体主义思想的流行。争论总是围绕没有自由经济是否也可能有民主政府而展开。你需要自由经济；自由经济是民主的必要而非充分条件。
NARRATOR： The debates were passionate。 At one point； Hayek's former mentor； Ludwig von Mises； stormed out of a meeting。
旁白：人们充满热情地展开辩论。有一次，哈耶克以前的导师－Ludwig von Mises－怒气冲冲地离开了会场。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： In the middle of a debate on the subject of distribution of ine； in which you had people who you would hardly call socialist or egalitarian； people like myself； Mise