walking- 第4部分

subject　of　a　legend。　There　were　Ehrenbreitstein　and　Rolandseck

and　Coblentz；　which　I　knew　only　in　history。　They　were　ruins　that

interested　me　chiefly。　There　seemed　to　come　up　from　its　waters

and　its　vine…clad　hills　and　valleys　a　hushed　music　as　of

Crusaders　departing　for　the　Holy　Land。　I　floated　along　under　the

spell　of　enchantment；　as　if　I　had　been　transported　to　an　heroic

age；　and　breathed　an　atmosphere　of　chivalry。



Soon　after；　I　went　to　see　a　panorama　of　the　Mississippi；　and　as　I

worked　my　way　up　the　river　in　the　light　of　today；　and　saw　the

steamboats　wooding　up；　counted　the　rising　cities；　gazed　on　the

fresh　ruins　of　Nauvoo；　beheld　the　Indians　moving　west　across　the

stream；　and；　as　before　I　had　looked　up　the　Moselle；　now　looked　up

the　Ohio　and　the　Missouri　and　heard　the　legends　of　Dubuque　and　of

Wenona's　Cliffstill　thinking　more　of　the　future　than　of　the

past　or　presentI　saw　that　this　was　a　Rhine　stream　of　a

different　kind；　that　the　foundations　of　castles　were　yet　to　be

laid；　and　the　famous　bridges　were　yet　to　be　thrown　over　the

river；　and　I　felt　that　THIS　WAS　THE　HEROIC　AGE　ITSELF；　though　we

know　it　not；　for　the　hero　is　commonly　the　simplest　and　obscurest

of　men。



The　West　of　which　I　speak　is　but　another　name　for　the　Wild；　and

what　I　have　been　preparing　to　say　is；　that　in　Wildness　is　the

preservation　of　the　World。　Every　tree　sends　its　fibers　forth　in

search　of　the　Wild。　The　cities　import　it　at　any　price。　Men　plow

and　sail　for　it。　From　the　forest　and　wilderness　come　the　tonics

and　barks　which　brace　mankind。　Our　ancestors　were　savages。　The

story　of　Romulus　and　Remus　being　suckled　by　a　wolf　is　not　a

meaningless　fable。　The　founders　of　every　state　which　has　risen　to

eminence　have　drawn　their　nourishment　and　vigor　from　a　similar

wild　source。　It　was　because　the　children　of　the　Empire　were　not

suckled　by　the　wolf　that　they　were　conquered　and　displaced　by　the

children　of　the　northern　forests　who　were。



I　believe　in　the　forest；　and　in　the　meadow；　and　in　the　night　in

which　the　corn　grows。　We　require　an　infusion　of　hemlock；　spruce

or　arbor　vitae　in　our　tea。　There　is　a　difference　between　eating

and　drinking　for　strength　and　from　mere　gluttony。　The　Hottentots

eagerly　devour　the　marrow　of　the　koodoo　and　other　antelopes　raw；

as　a　matter　of　course。　Some　of　our　northern　Indians　eat　raw　the

marrow　of　the　Arctic　reindeer；　as　well　as　various　other　parts；

including　the　summits　of　the　antlers；　as　long　as　they　are　soft。

And　herein；　perchance；　they　have　stolen　a　march　on　the　cooks　of

Paris。　They　get　what　usually　goes　to　feed　the　fire。　This　is

probably　better　than　stall…fed　beef　and　slaughterhouse　pork　to

make　a　man　of。　Give　me　a　wildness　whose　glance　no　civilization

can　endureas　if　we　lived　on　the　marrow　of　koodoos　devoured　raw。



There　are　some　intervals　which　border　the　strain　of　the　wood

thrush；　to　which　I　would　migratewild　lands　where　no　settler　has

squatted；　to　which；　methinks；　I　am　already　acclimated。



The　African　hunter　Cumming　tells　us　that　the　skin　of　the　eland；

as　well　as　that　of　most　other　antelopes　just　killed；　emits　the

most　delicious　perfume　of　trees　and　grass。　I　would　have　every　man

so　much　like　a　wild　antelope；　so　much　a　part　and　parcel　of

nature；　that　his　very　person　should　thus　sweetly　advertise　our

senses　of　his　presence；　and　remind　us　of　those　parts　of　nature

which　he　most　haunts。　I　feel　no　disposition　to　be　satirical；　when

the　trapper's　coat　emits　the　odor　of　musquash　even；　it　is　a

sweeter　scent　to　me　than　that　which　commonly　exhales　from　the

merchant's　or　the　scholar's　garments。　When　I　go　into　their

wardrobes　and　handle　their　vestments；　I　am　reminded　of　no　grassy

plains　and　flowery　meads　which　they　have　frequented；　but　of　dusty

merchants'　exchanges　and　libraries　rather。



A　tanned　skin　is　something　more　than　respectable；　and　perhaps

olive　is　a　fitter　color　than　white　for　a　mana　denizen　of　the

woods。　〃The　pale　white　man！〃　I　do　not　wonder　that　the　African

pitied　him。　Darwin　the　naturalist　says；　〃A　white　man　bathing　by

the　side　of　a　Tahitian　was　like　a　plant　bleached　by　the

gardener's　art；　compared　with　a　fine；　dark　green　one；　growing

vigorously　in　the　open　fields。〃



Ben　Jonson　exclaims；



　〃How　near　to　good　is　what　is　fair！〃



So　I　would　say；



　〃How　near　to　good　is　what　is　WILD！〃



Life　consists　with　wildness。　The　most　alive　is　the　wildest。　Not

yet　subdued　to　man；　its　presence　refreshes　him。　One　who　pressed

forward　incessantly　and　never　rested　from　his　labors；　who　grew

fast　and　made　infinite　demands　on　life；　would　always　find　himself

in　a　new　country　or　wilderness；　and　surrounded　by　the　raw

material　of　life。　He　would　be　climbing　over　the　prostrate　stems

of　primitive　forest　trees。



Hope　and　the　future　for　me　are　not　in　lawns　and　cultivated

fields；　not　in　towns　and　cities；　but　in　the　impervious　and

quaking　swamps。　When；　formerly；　I　have　analyzed　my　partiality　for

some　farm　which　I　had　contemplated　purchasing；　I　have　frequently

found　that　I　was　attracted　solely　by　a　few　square　rods　of

impermeable　and　unfathomable　boga　natural　sink　in　one　corner　of

it。　That　was　the　jewel　which　dazzled　me。　I　derive　more　of　my

subsistence　from　the　swamps　which　surround　my　native　town　than

from　the　cultivated　gardens　in　the　village。　There　are　no　richer

parterres　to　my　eyes　than　the　dense　beds　of　dwarf　andromeda

（Cassandra　calyculata）　which　cover　these　tender　places　on　the

earth's　surface。　Botany　cannot　go　farther　than　tell　me　the　names

of　the　shrubs　which　grow　therethe　high　blueberry；　panicled

andromeda；　lambkill；　azalea；　and　rhodoraall　standing　in　the

quaking　sphagnum。　I　often　think　that　I　should　like　to　have　my

house　front　on　this　mass　of　dull　red　bushes；　omitting　other

flower　plots　and　borders；　transplanted　spruce　and　trim　box；　even

graveled　walksto　have　this　fertile　spot　under　my　windows；　not　a

few　imported　barrowfuls　of　soil　only　to　cover　the　sand　which　was

thrown　out　in　digging　the　cellar。　Why　not　put　my　house；　my

parlor；　behind　this　plot；　instead　of　behind　that　meager

assemblage　of　curiosities；　that　poor　apology　for　a　Nature　and

Art；　which　I　call　my　front　yard？　It　is　an　effort　to　clear　up　and

make　a　decent　appearance　when　the　carpenter　and　mason　have

departed；　though　done　as　much　for　the　passer…by　as　the　dweller

within。　The　most　tasteful　front…yard　fence　was　never　an　agreeable

object　of　study　to　me；　the　most　elaborate　ornaments；　acorn　tops；

or　what　not；　soon　wearied　and　disgusted　me。　Bring　your　sills　up

to　the　very　edge　of　the　swamp；　then　（though　it　may　not　be　the

best　place　for　a　dry　cellar）；　so　that　there　be　no　access　on　that

side　to　citizens。　Front　yards　are　not　made　to　walk　in；　but；　at

most；　through；　and　you　could　go　in　the　back　way。



Yes；　though　you　may　think　me　perverse；　if　it　were　proposed　to　me

to　dwell　in　the　neighborhood　of　the　most　beautiful　garden　that

ever　human　art　contrived；　or　else　of　a　Dismal　Swamp；　I　should

certainly　decide　for　the　swamp。　How　vain；　then；　have　been　all

your　labors；　citizens；　for　me！



My　spirits　infallibly　rise　in　proportion　to　the　outward

dreariness。　Give　me　the　ocean；　the　desert；　or　the　wilderness！　In

the　desert；　pure　air　and　solitude　compensate　for　want　of　moisture

and　fertility。　The　traveler　Burton　says　of　it〃Your　MORALE

improves；　you　become　frank　and　cordial；　hospitable　and

single…minded。。。。　In　the　desert；　spirituous　liquors　excite　only

disgust。　There　is　a　keen　enjoyment　in　a　mere　animal　existence。〃

They　who　have　been　traveling　long　on　the　steppes　of　Tartary　say；

〃On　re…entering　cultivated　lands；　the　agitation；　perplexity；　and

turmoil　of　civilization　oppressed　and　suffocated　us；　the　air

seemed　to　fail　us；　and　we　felt　every　moment　as　if　about　to　die　of

asphyxia。〃　When　I　would　recreate　myself；　I　seek　the　darkest　woods

the　thickest　and　most　interminable　and；　to　the　citizen；　most

dismal；　swamp。　I　enter　a　swamp　as　a　sacred　place；　a　sanctum

sanctorum。　There　is　the　strength；　the　marrow；　of　Nature。　The

wildwood　covers　the　virgin　mould；and　the　same　soil　is　good　for

men　and　for　trees。　A　man's　health　requires　as　many　acres　of

meadow　to　his　prospect　as　his　farm　does　loads　of　muck。　There　are

the　strong　meats　on　which　he　feeds。　A　town　is　saved；　not　more　by

the　righteous　men　in　it　than　by　the　woods　and　swamps　that

surround　it。　A　township　where　one　primitive　forest　waves　above

while　another　primitive　forest　rots　belowsuch　a　town　is　fitted

to　raise　not　only　corn　and　potatoes；　but　poets　and　philosophers

for　the　coming　ages。　In　such　a　soil　grew　Homer　and　Confucius　and

the　rest；　and　out　of　such　a　wilderness　comes　the　Reformer　eating

locusts　and　wild　honey。



To　preserve　wild　animals　implies　generally　the　creation　of　a

forest　for　them　to　dwell　in　or　resort　to。　So　it　is　with　man。　A

hundred　years　ago　they　sold　bark　in　our　streets　peeled　from　our

own　woods。　In　the　very　aspect　of　those　primitive　and　rugged　trees

there　was；　methinks；　a　tanning　principle　which　hardened　and

consolidated　the　fibers　of　men's　thoughts。　Ah！　already　I　shudder

for　these　comparatively　degenerate　days　of　my　native　village；

when　you　cannot　collect　a　load　of　bark　of　good　thickness；　and　we

no　longer　produce　tar　and　turpentine。



The　civilized　nationsGreece；　Rome；　Englandhave　been　sustained

by　the　primitive　forests　which　anciently　rotted　where　they　stand。

They　survive　as　long　as　the　soil　is　not　exhausted。　Alas　for　human

culture！　little　is　to　be　expected　of　a　nation；　when　the　vegetable

mould　is　exhausted；　and　it　is　compelled　to　make　manure　of　the

bones　of　its　fathers。　There　the　poet　sustains　himself　merely　by

his　own　superfluous　fat；　and　the　philosopher　comes　down　on　his

marrow…bones。



It　is　said　to　be　the　task　of　the　American　〃to　work　the　virgin

soil；〃　and　that　〃agriculture　here　already　assumes　proportions

unknown　everywhere　else。〃　I　think　that　the　farmer　displaces　the

Indian　even　because　he　redeems　the　meadow；　and　so　makes　himself

stronger　and　in　some