the writings-6- 第51部分

and　such　a　loss　of　time；　as　to　make　it；　I　fear；　inadmissible。



Your　obedient　servant；



A。　LINCOLN。



P。　S。Since　writing　the　above；　getting　additional　information；　I　am

enabled　to　say　that　the　draft　may　be　made　in　subdistricts；　as　the

enrolment　has　been　made；　or　is　in　process　of　making。　　This　will

amount　practically　to　drafting　by　townships；　as　the　enrollment

subdistricts　are　generally　about　the　extent　of　townships。

A。L。









To　GENERAL　G。　G。　MEADE。

（Private。）



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；

July　27；　1863。



MAJOR…GENERAL　MEADE：



I　have　not　thrown　General　Hooker　away；　and　therefore　I　would　like　to

know　whether　it　would　be　agreeable　to　you；　all　things　considered；　for

him　to　take　a　corps　under　you；　if　he　himself　is　willing　to　do　so。

Write　me　in　perfect　freedom；　with　the　assurance　that　I　will　not

subject　you　to　any　embarrassment　by　making　your　letter　or　its

contents　known　to　any　one。　　I　wish　to　know　your　wishes　before　I

decide　whether　to　break　the　subject　to　him。　　Do　not　lean　a　hair's

breadth　against　your　own　feelings；　or　your　judgment　of　the　public

service；　on　the　idea　of　gratifying　me。



Yours　truly；



A。　LINCOLN









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　A。　B。　BURNSIDE。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　WASHINGTON；　July　27；　1863。



MAJOR…GENERAL　BURNSIDE；　Cincinnati；　O。：



Let　me　explain。　　In　General　Grant's　first　despatch　after　the　fall　of

Vicksburg；　he　said；　among　other　things；　he　would　send　the　Ninth　Corps

to　you。　　Thinking　it　would　be　pleasant　to　you；　I　asked　the　Secretary

of　War　to　telegraph　you　the　news。　　For　some　reasons　never　mentioned

to　us　by　General　Grant；　they　have　not　been　sent；　though　we　have　seen

outside　intimations　that　they　took　part　in　the　expedition　against

Jackson。　　General　Grant　is　a　copious　worker　and　fighter；　but　a　very

meager　writer　or　telegrapher。　　No　doubt　he　changed　his　purpose　in

regard　to　the　Ninth　Corps　for　some　sufficient　reason；　but　has

forgotten　to　notify　us　of　it。



A。　LINCOLN。









TO　GENERAL　H。　W。　HALLECK。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；

July　29；　1863



MAJOR…GENERAL　HALLECK：



Seeing　General　Meade's　despatch　of　yesterday　to　yourself　causes　me　to

fear　that　he　supposes　the　Government　here　is　demanding　of　him　to

bring　on　a　general　engagement　with　Lee　as　soon　as　possible。　　I　am

claiming　no　such　thing　of　him。　　In　fact；　my　judgment　is　against　it；

which　judgment；　of　course；　I　will　yield　if　yours　and　his　are　the

contrary。　　If　he　could　not　safely　engage　Lee　at　Williamsport；　it

seems　absurd　to　suppose　he　can　safely　engage　him　now；　when　he　has

scarcely　more　than　two　thirds　of　the　force　he　had　at　Williamsport；

while　it　must　be　that　Lee　has　been　reinforced。　　True；　I　desired

General　Meade　to　pursue　Lee　across　the　Potomac；　hoping；　as　has　proved

true；　that　he　would　thereby　clear　the　Baltimore　and　Ohio　Railroad；

and　get　some　advantages　by　harassing　him　on　his　retreat。　　These　being

past；　I　am　unwilling　he　should　now　get　into　a　general　engagement　on

the　impression　that　we　here　are　pressing　him；　and　I　shall　be　glad　for

you　to　so　inform　him；　unless　your　own　judgment　is　against　it。



Yours　truly；

A。　LINCOLN。



H。　W。　HALLECK；　General…in…Chief。









TO　SECRETARY　STANTON。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；

July　29；　1863



HON。　SECRETARY　OF　WAR。



SIR：Can　we　not　renew　the　effort　to　organize　a　force　to　go　to

western　Texas？



Please　consult　with　the　general…in…chief　on　the　subject。



If　the　Governor　of　New　Jersey　shall　furnish　any　new　regiments；　might

not　they　be　put　into　such　an　expedition？　　Please　think　of　it。



I　believe　no　local　object　is　now　more　desirable。



Yours　truly；



A。　LINCOLN。









ORDER　OF　RETALIATION。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；

July　30；　1863。



It　is　the　duty　of　every　government　to　give　protection　to　its

citizens；　of　whatever　class；　color；　or　condition；　and　especially　to

those　who　are　duly　organized　as　soldiers　in　the　public　service。　　The

law　of　nations　and　the　usages　and　customs　of　war；　as　carried　on　by

civilized　powers；　permit　no　distinction　as　to　color　in　the　treatment

of　prisoners　of　war　as　public　enemies。　　To　sell　or　enslave　any

captured　person；　on　account　of　his　color　and　for　no　offense　against

the　laws　of　war；　is　a　relapse　into　barbarism；　and　a　crime　against　the

civilization　of　the　age。



The　Government　of　the　United　States　will　give　the　same　protection　to

all　its　soldiers；　and　if　the　enemy　shall　sell　or　enslave　any　one

because　of　his　color；　the　offense　shall　be　punished　by　retaliation

upon　the　enemy's　prisoners　in　our　possession。



It　is　therefore　ordered　that　for　every　soldier　of　the　United　States

killed　in　violation　of　the　laws　of　war；　a　rebel　soldier　shall　be

executed；　and　for　every　one　enslaved　by　the　enemy　or　sold　into

slavery；　a　rebel　soldier　shall　be　placed　at　hard　labor　on　the　public

works；　and　continued　at　such　labor　until　the　other　shall　be　released

and　receive　the　treatment　due　to　a　prisoner　of　war。



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。









TO　GENERAL　S。　A。　HURLBUT。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；

July　31；　1863。



MY　DEAR　GENERAL　HURLBUT：



Your　letter　by　Mr。　Dana　was　duly　received。　　I　now　learn　that　your

resignation　has　reached　the　War　Department。　　I　also　learn　that　an

active　command　has　been　assigned　you　by　General　Grant。　　The　Secretary

of　War　and　General　Halleck　are　very　partial　to　you；　as　you　know　I

also　am。　　We　all　wish　you　to　reconsider　the　question　of　resigning；

not　that　we　would　wish　to　retain　you　greatly　against　your　wish　and

interest；　but　that　your　decision　may　be　at　least　a　very　well…

considered　one。



I　understand　that　Senator　＇William　K。＇　Sebastian；　of　Arkansas；　thinks

of　offering　to　resume　his　place　in　the　Senate。　　Of　course　the　Senate；

and　not　I；　would　decide　whether　to　admit　or　reject　him。　　　Still　I

should　feel　great　interest　in　the　question。　　It　may　be　so　presented

as　to　be　one　of　the　very　greatest　national　importance；　and　it　may　be

otherwise　so　presented　as　to　be　of　no　more　than　temporary　personal

consequence　to　him。



The　Emancipation　Proclamation　applies　to　Arkansas。　　I　think　it　is

valid　in　law；　and　will　be　so　held　by　the　courts。　　I　think　I　shall　not

retract　or　repudiate　it。　　Those　who　shall　have　tasted　actual　freedom

I　believe　can　never　be　slaves　or　quasi…slaves　again。　　For　the　rest；　I

believe　some　plan　substantially　being　gradual　emancipation　would　be

better　for　both　white　and　black。　　　The　Missouri　plan　recently

adopted；　I　do　not　object　to　on　account　of　the　time　for　ending　the

institution；　but　I　am　sorry　the　beginning　should　have　been　postponed

for　seven　years；　leaving　all　that　time　to　agitate　for　the　repeal　of

the　whole　thing。　　It　should　begin　at　once；　giving　at　least　the

new…born　a　vested　interest　in　freedom　which　could　not　be　taken　away。

If　Senator　Sebastian　could　come　with　something　of　this　sort　from

Arkansas；　I；　at　least；　should　take　great　interest　in　his　case；　and　I

believe　a　single　individual　will　have　scarcely　done　the　world　so

great　a　service。　　See　him　if　you　can；　and　read　this　to　him；　but

charge　him　not　to　make　it　public　for　the　present。　　Write　me　again。



Yours　very　truly；



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　FROM　GOVERNOR　SEYMOUR。

ALBANY；　August　1；　1863。　　Recvd　2　P。M。



TO　THE　PRESIDENT　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES：



I　ask　that　the　draft　be　suspended　in　this　State　until　I　can　send　you

a　communication　I　am　preparing。



HORATIO　SEYMOUR。









TELEGRAM　TO　GOVERNOR　SEYMOUR



WASHINGTON；　D。C。；　August　1；　1863。　　4　P。M。



HIS　EXCELLENCY　GOVERNOR　SEYMOUR；　Albany；　N。Y。：



By　what　day　may　I　expect　your　communication　to　reach　me？　　Are　you

anxious　about　any　part　except　the　city　and　vicinity？



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　FOSTER。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；　August　3；　1863。



MAJOR…GENERAL　FOSTER　（or　whoever　may　be　in　command　of　the　military

department　with　headquarters　at　Fort　Monroe；　Va。）：



If　Dr。　Wright；　on　trial　at　Norfolk；　has　been　or　shall　be　convicted；

send　me　a　transcript　of　his　trial　and　conviction；　and　do　not　let

execution　be　done　upon　him　until　my　further　order。



A。　LINCOLN。









TO　GENERAL　N。　P。　BANKS。



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON；

August　5；1863。



MY　DEAR　GENERAL　BANKS：



While　I　very　well　know　what　I　would　be　glad　for　Louisiana　to　do；　it

is　quite　a　different　thing　for　me　to　assume　direction　of　the　matter。

I　would　be　glad　for　her　to　make　a　new　constitution；　recognizing　the

emancipation　proclamation；　and　adopting　emancipation　in　those　parts

of　the　State　to　which　the　proclamation　does　not　apply。　　And　while　she

is　at　it；　I　think　it　would　not　be　objectionable　for　her　to　adopt　some

practical　system　by　which　the　two　races　could　gradually　live

themselves　out　of　their　old　relation　to　each　other；　and　both　come　out

better　prepared　for　the　new。　　Education　for　young　blacks　should　be

included　in　the　plan。　　After　all；　the　power　or　element　of　〃contract〃

may　be　sufficient　for　this　probationary　period；　and　by　its　simplicity

and　flexibility　may　be　the　better。



As　an　antislavery　man；　I　have　a　motive　to　desire　emancipation　which

proslavery　men　do　not　have　but　even　they　have　strong　enough　reason　to

thus　place　themselves　again　under　the　shield　of　the　Union；　and　to

thus　perpetually　hedge　against　the　recurrence　of　the　scenes　through

which　we　are　now　passing。



Governor　Shepley　has　informed　me　that　Mr。　Durant　is　now　taking　a

registry；　with　a　view　to　the　election　of　a　constitutional　convention

in　Louisiana。　　This；　to　me；　appears　proper。　　If　such　convention　were

to　ask　my　views；　I　could　present　little　else　than　what　I　now　say　to

you。　　I　think　the　thing　should　be　pushed　forward；　so　that；　if

possible；　its　mature　work　may　reach　here　by　the　meeting　of　Congress。



For　my　own　part；　I　think　I　shall　not；　in　any　event；　retract　the

emancipation　proclamation：　nor；　as　executive；　ever　return　to　slavery

any