¡¶war of the classes(½×¼¶¶·Õù)¡·

ÏÂÔØ±¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

war of the classes(½×¼¶¶·Õù)- µÚ14²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡

simultaneously¡¡to¡¡three£»¡¡four£»¡¡or¡¡six¡¡machines¡¡or¡¡tools£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡British¡¡

workman¡¡is¡¡compelled¡¡by¡¡his¡¡trade¡¡union¡¡to¡¡limit¡¡his¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡one£»¡¡so¡¡

that¡¡employment¡¡may¡¡be¡¡given¡¡to¡¡half¡¡a¡¡dozen¡¡men¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡scabbing£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡blame¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡attaches¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡itself¡¡¡¡anywhere¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡With¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rare¡¡

exceptions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡scabs¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡strong£»¡¡¡¡¡¡capable¡¡

workman¡¡gets¡¡a¡¡job¡¡and¡¡holds¡¡it¡¡because¡¡of¡¡his¡¡strength¡¡and¡¡capacity¡£¡¡And¡¡

he¡¡holds¡¡it¡¡because¡¡out¡¡of¡¡his¡¡strength¡¡and¡¡capacity¡¡he¡¡gives¡¡a¡¡better¡¡value¡¡

for¡¡his¡¡wage¡¡than¡¡does¡¡the¡¡weaker¡¡and¡¡less¡¡capable¡¡workman¡£¡¡Therefore¡¡he¡¡

is¡¡¡¡¡¡scabbing¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡weaker¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡capable¡¡¡¡¡¡brother¡¡¡¡¡¡workman¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

giving¡¡more¡¡value¡¡for¡¡the¡¡price¡¡paid¡¡by¡¡the¡¡employer¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡superior¡¡workman¡¡scabs¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡inferior¡¡workman¡¡because¡¡he¡¡is¡¡

so¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡constituted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡help¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡one£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡fortune¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡birth¡¡¡¡and¡¡

upbringing£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡strong¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡capable£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡other£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡fortune¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡birth¡¡¡¡and¡¡

upbringing£»¡¡is¡¡not¡¡so¡¡strong¡¡nor¡¡capable¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡for¡¡the¡¡same¡¡reason¡¡that¡¡one¡¡

country¡¡scabs¡¡upon¡¡another¡£¡¡That¡¡country¡¡which¡¡has¡¡the¡¡good¡¡fortune¡¡to¡¡

possess¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡resources£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡finer¡¡¡¡¡¡sun¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡soil£»¡¡¡¡unhampering¡¡

institutions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡deft¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡intelligent¡¡¡¡¡¡labor¡¡¡¡¡¡class¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡capitalist¡¡¡¡¡¡class¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

bound¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡scab¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡fortunately¡¡¡¡¡¡situated¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡

fortune¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡that¡¡is¡¡making¡¡her¡¡the¡¡colossal¡¡scab£»¡¡just¡¡as¡¡it¡¡

is¡¡the¡¡good¡¡fortune¡¡of¡¡one¡¡man¡¡to¡¡be¡¡born¡¡with¡¡a¡¡straight¡¡back¡¡while¡¡his¡¡

brother¡¡is¡¡born¡¡with¡¡a¡¡hump¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡not¡¡good¡¡to¡¡give¡¡most¡¡for¡¡least£»¡¡not¡¡good¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡scab¡£¡¡The¡¡word¡¡

has¡¡gained¡¡universal¡¡opprobrium¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡non¡­scab£»¡¡to¡¡

give¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡most£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡universally¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡branded¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡stingy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡selfish£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

unchristian¡­like¡£¡¡So¡¡all¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡British¡¡workman£»¡¡is¡¡'twixt¡¡the¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡48¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡49¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



devil¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡deep¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sea¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡treason¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡one's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fellows¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡scab£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡

unchristian¡­like¡¡not¡¡to¡¡scab¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Since¡¡to¡¡give¡¡least¡¡for¡¡most£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡give¡¡most¡¡for¡¡least£»¡¡are¡¡universally¡¡

bad£»¡¡what¡¡remains£¿¡¡Equity¡¡remains£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡to¡¡give¡¡like¡¡for¡¡like£»¡¡the¡¡same¡¡

for¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡neither¡¡more¡¡nor¡¡less¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡equity£»¡¡society£»¡¡as¡¡at¡¡present¡¡

constituted£»¡¡cannot¡¡give¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡not¡¡in¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡present¡­day¡¡society¡¡for¡¡

men¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡like£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡

continue¡¡to¡¡live¡¡in¡¡this¡¡competitive¡¡society£»¡¡struggling¡¡tooth¡¡and¡¡nail¡¡with¡¡

one¡¡another¡¡for¡¡food¡¡and¡¡shelter£»¡¡£¨which¡¡is¡¡to¡¡struggle¡¡tooth¡¡and¡¡nail¡¡with¡¡

one¡¡another¡¡for¡¡life£©£»¡¡that¡¡long¡¡will¡¡the¡¡scab¡¡continue¡¡to¡¡exist¡£¡¡His¡¡will¡¡¡¨to¡¡

live¡¨¡¡will¡¡force¡¡him¡¡to¡¡exist¡£¡¡He¡¡may¡¡be¡¡flouted¡¡and¡¡jeered¡¡by¡¡his¡¡brothers£»¡¡

he¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡beaten¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡bricks¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡clubs¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡superior¡¡

strength¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡capacity¡¡¡¡¡¡scab¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡scabs¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡longer¡¡

hours¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡smaller¡¡¡¡¡¡wages£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡persist£»¡¡¡¡¡¡giving¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡bit¡¡

more¡¡of¡¡most¡¡for¡¡least¡¡than¡¡they¡¡are¡¡giving¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡49¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡50¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡QUESTION¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡MAXIMUM¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡any¡¡social¡¡movement¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡development¡¡there¡¡must¡¡be¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡maximum¡¡

limit¡¡¡¡¡¡beyond¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡proceed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡civilization¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡

advance¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡decline£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡maximum¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡development¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡

been¡¡¡¡¡¡reached¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡¡¡¡¡¡direction£»¡¡¡¡¡¡society¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡¡¡retrograde¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡

change¡¡the¡¡direction¡¡of¡¡its¡¡advance¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡many¡¡families¡¡of¡¡men¡¡that¡¡

have¡¡failed£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡critical¡¡period¡¡of¡¡their¡¡economic¡¡evolution£»¡¡to¡¡effect¡¡a¡¡

change¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡direction£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forced¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡fall¡¡¡¡back¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Vanquished¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡the¡¡

moment¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡maximum£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡dropped¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡whirl¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

world¡£¡¡There¡¡was¡¡no¡¡room¡¡for¡¡them¡£¡¡Stronger¡¡competitors¡¡have¡¡taken¡¡their¡¡

places£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡have¡¡either¡¡rotted¡¡into¡¡oblivion¡¡or¡¡remain¡¡to¡¡be¡¡crushed¡¡

under¡¡the¡¡iron¡¡heel¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dominant¡¡races¡¡in¡¡as¡¡remorseless¡¡a¡¡struggle¡¡as¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡witnessed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡struggle¡¡¡¡¡¡fair¡¡¡¡¡¡women¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

chivalrous¡¡men¡¡will¡¡play¡¡no¡¡part¡£¡¡Types¡¡and¡¡ideals¡¡have¡¡changed¡£¡¡Helens¡¡

and¡¡Launcelots¡¡are¡¡anachronisms¡£¡¡Blows¡¡will¡¡be¡¡given¡¡and¡¡taken£»¡¡and¡¡men¡¡

fight¡¡and¡¡die£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡for¡¡faiths¡¡and¡¡altars¡£¡¡Shrines¡¡will¡¡be¡¡desecrated£»¡¡but¡¡

they¡¡will¡¡be¡¡the¡¡shrines£»¡¡not¡¡of¡¡temples£»¡¡but¡¡market¡­places¡£¡¡Prophets¡¡will¡¡

arise£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡will¡¡be¡¡the¡¡prophets¡¡of¡¡prices¡¡and¡¡products¡£¡¡Battles¡¡will¡¡be¡¡

waged£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡honor¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡glory£»¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡thrones¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡sceptres£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

dollars¡¡and¡¡cents¡¡and¡¡for¡¡marts¡¡and¡¡exchanges¡£¡¡Brain¡¡and¡¡not¡¡brawn¡¡will¡¡

endure£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡captains¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡commanded¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡captains¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

industry¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡short£»¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡contest¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mastery¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡world's¡¡

commerce¡¡and¡¡for¡¡industrial¡¡supremacy¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡more¡¡significant£»¡¡this¡¡struggle¡¡into¡¡which¡¡we¡¡have¡¡plunged£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡

fact¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡first¡¡struggle¡¡to¡¡involve¡¡the¡¡globe¡£¡¡No¡¡general¡¡movement¡¡

of¡¡man¡¡has¡¡been¡¡so¡¡wide¡­spreading£»¡¡so¡¡far¡­reaching¡£¡¡Quite¡¡local¡¡was¡¡the¡¡

supremacy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ancient¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡people£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡likewise¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rise¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡empire¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Macedonia¡¡and¡¡Rome£»¡¡the¡¡waves¡¡of¡¡Arabian¡¡valor¡¡and¡¡fanaticism£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡

mediaeval¡¡crusades¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Holy¡¡Sepulchre¡£¡¡But¡¡since¡¡those¡¡times¡¡the¡¡planet¡¡

has¡¡undergone¡¡a¡¡unique¡¡shrinkage¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡50¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡51¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡world¡¡of¡¡Homer£»¡¡limited¡¡by¡¡the¡¡coast¡­lines¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Mediterranean¡¡

and¡¡Black¡¡seas£»¡¡was¡¡a¡¡far¡¡vaster¡¡world¡¡than¡¡ours¡¡of¡¡today£»¡¡which¡¡we¡¡weigh£»¡¡

measure£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡compute¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡accurately¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡easily¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡child's¡¡

play¡­ball¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Steam¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡parts¡¡¡¡¡¡accessible¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡drawn¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡closer¡¡

together¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡telegraph¡¡¡¡¡¡annihilates¡¡¡¡¡¡space¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Each¡¡¡¡¡¡morning£»¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡

part¡¡knows¡¡what¡¡every¡¡other¡¡part¡¡is¡¡thinking£»¡¡contemplating£»¡¡or¡¡doing¡£¡¡A¡¡

discovery¡¡in¡¡a¡¡German¡¡laboratory¡¡is¡¡being¡¡demonstrated¡¡in¡¡San¡¡Francisco¡¡

within¡¡twenty¡­four¡¡hours¡£¡¡A¡¡book¡¡written¡¡in¡¡South¡¡Africa¡¡is¡¡published¡¡by¡¡

simultaneous¡¡copyright¡¡in¡¡every¡¡English¡­speaking¡¡country£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡the¡¡day¡¡

following¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hands¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡translators¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡death¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡obscure¡¡

missionary¡¡in¡¡China£»¡¡or¡¡of¡¡a¡¡whiskey¡­smuggler¡¡in¡¡the¡¡South¡¡Seas£»¡¡is¡¡served£»¡¡

the¡¡world¡¡over£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡morning¡¡toast¡£¡¡The¡¡wheat¡¡output¡¡of¡¡Argentine¡¡or¡¡

the¡¡gold¡¡of¡¡Klondike¡¡are¡¡known¡¡wherever¡¡men¡¡meet¡¡and¡¡trade¡£¡¡Shrinkage£»¡¡

or¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡centralization£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡humblest¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡clerk¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡

metropolis¡¡may¡¡place¡¡his¡¡hand¡¡on¡¡the¡¡pulse¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡The¡¡planet¡¡has¡¡

indeed¡¡¡¡¡¡grown¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡small£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡this£»¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡vital¡¡¡¡¡¡movement¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡

remain¡¡in¡¡the¡¡clime¡¡or¡¡country¡¡where¡¡it¡¡takes¡¡its¡¡rise¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡so¡¡today¡¡the¡¡economic¡¡and¡¡industrial¡¡impulse¡¡is¡¡world¡­wide¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡

a¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡import¡¡to¡¡every¡¡people¡£¡¡None¡¡may¡¡be¡¡careless¡¡of¡¡it¡£¡¡To¡¡do¡¡so¡¡is¡¡

to¡¡perish¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡become¡¡a¡¡battle£»¡¡the¡¡fruits¡¡of¡¡which¡¡are¡¡to¡¡the¡¡strong£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡

none¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡strongest¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡strong¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡movement¡¡¡¡¡¡approaches¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡

maximum£»¡¡¡¡¡¡centralization¡¡¡¡¡¡accelerates¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡competition¡¡¡¡¡¡grows¡¡¡¡¡¡keener¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

closer¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡competitor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡nations¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡succeed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡the¡¡

movement¡¡continues¡¡its¡¡present¡¡direction£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡will¡¡there¡¡not¡¡be¡¡room¡¡

for¡¡¡¡¡¡all£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡room¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡less£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

moment¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡maximum¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡hand£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡room¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡all¡£¡¡

Capitalistic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡production¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡overreached¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡itself£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡change¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

direction¡¡will¡¡then¡¡be¡¡inevitable¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Divers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡queries¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡arise£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡maximum¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡commercial¡¡

development¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡sustain£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡How¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡exploited£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡How¡¡

much¡¡capital¡¡is¡¡necessary£¿¡¡Can¡¡sufficient¡¡capital¡¡be¡¡accumulated£¿¡¡A¡¡brief¡¡

resume¡¡of¡¡the¡¡industrial¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡last¡¡one¡¡hundred¡¡years¡¡or¡¡so¡¡will¡¡be¡¡

relevant¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡stage¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡discussion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Capitalistic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡production£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡its¡¡

modern¡¡significance£»¡¡was¡¡born¡¡of¡¡the¡¡industrial¡¡revolution¡¡in¡¡England¡¡in¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡51¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡52¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



the¡¡latter¡¡half¡¡of¡¡the¡¡eighteenth¡¡century¡£¡¡The¡¡great¡¡inventions¡¡of¡¡that¡¡period¡¡

were¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡father¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡mother£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Brooks¡¡¡¡¡¡Adams¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡

shown£»¡¡the¡¡looted¡¡treasure¡¡of¡¡India¡¡was¡¡the¡¡potent¡¡midwife¡£¡¡Had¡¡there¡¡not¡¡

been¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡unwonted¡¡¡¡¡¡increase¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡capital£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡impetus¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡

given¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡invention£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡steam¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡languished¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

generations¡¡¡¡¡¡instead¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡becoming£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡did£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡prominent¡¡

factor¡¡in¡¡the¡¡new¡¡method¡¡of¡¡production¡£¡¡The¡¡improved¡¡application¡¡of¡¡these¡¡

inventions¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡decades¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nineteenth¡¡century¡¡mark¡¡the¡¡transition¡¡

from¡¡the¡¡domestic¡¡to¡¡the¡¡factory¡¡system¡¡of¡¡manufacture¡¡and¡¡inaugurated¡¡

the¡¡era¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡capitalism¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡magnitude¡¡¡¡of¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡revolution¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡manifested¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡England¡¡alone¡¡had¡¡invented¡¡the¡¡means¡¡and¡¡equipped¡¡herself¡¡

with¡¡the¡¡machinery¡¡whereby¡¡she¡¡could¡¡overstock¡¡the¡¡world's¡¡markets¡£¡¡The¡¡

home¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡market¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡consume¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡tithe¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡product¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡

manufacture¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡produ
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü