to the ground。
in presenting the presents with which he was charged； he wore a placidappearance。
at his private audience； he looked highly pleased。
the superior man did not use a deep purple； or a puce color； in theornaments of his dress。
even in his undress； he did not wear anything of a red or reddish color。
in warm weather； he had a single garment either of coarse or fine texture；but he wore it displayed over an inner garment。
over lamb's fur he wore a garment of black； over fawn's fur one of white；and over fox's fur one of yellow。
the fur robe of his undress was long； with the right sleeve short。
he required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body。
when staying at home； he used thick furs of the fox or the badger。
when he put off mourning； he wore all the appendages of the girdle。
his undergarment； except when it was required to be of the curtain shape；was made of silk cut narrow above and wide below。
he did not wear lamb's fur or a black cap on a visit of condolence。
on the first day of the month he put on his court robes； and presentedhimself at court。
when fasting； he thought it necessary to have his clothes brightly clean andmade of linen cloth。
when fasting； he thought it necessary to change his food； and also to changethe place where he monly sat in the apartment。
he did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned； nor to have his mincemeat cut quite small。
he did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour；nor fish or flesh which was gone。 he did not eat what was discolored； or whatwas of a bad flavor； nor anything which was ill…cooked； or was not in season。
he did not eat meat which was not cut properly； nor what was served withoutits proper sauce。
though there might be a large quantity of meat； he would not allow what hetook to exceed the due proportion for the rice。 it was only in wine that he laiddown no limit for himself； but he did not allow himself to be confused by it。
he did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market。
he was never without ginger when he ate。 he did not eat much。
when he had been assisting at the prince's sacrifice； he did not keep theflesh which he received overnight。 the flesh of his family sacrifice he did notkeep over three days。 if kept over three days； people could not eat it。
when eating； he did not converse。 when in bed； he did not speak。
although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup； he would offer alittle of it in sacrifice with a grave； respectful air。
if his mat was not straight； he did not sit on it。
when the villagers were drinking together； upon those who carried staffsgoing out； he also went out immediately after。
when the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive awaypestilential influences； he put on his court robes and stood on the easternsteps。
when he was sending plimentary inquiries to any one in another state； hebowed twice as he escorted the messenger away。
chi k'ang having sent him a present of physic； he bowed and received it；saying； 〃i do not know it。 i dare not taste it。〃
the stable being burned down； when he was at court； on his return he said；〃has any man been hurt？〃 he did not ask about the horses。
when the he would adjust his mat； first taste it； and then give it away toothers。 when the prince sent him a gift of undressed meat； he would have itcooked； and offer it to the spirits of his ancestors。 when the prince sent him agift of a living animal； he would keep it alive。
when he was in attendance on the prince and joining in the entertainment；the prince only sacrificed。 he first tasted everything。
when he was ill and the prince came to visit him； he had his head to theeast； made his court robes be spread over him； and drew his girdle across them。
when the prince's order called him； without waiting for his carriage to beyoked； he went at once。
when he entered the ancestral temple of the state； he asked about everything。
when any of his friends died； if he had no relations offices； he would say；〃i will bury him。〃
when a friend sent him a present； though it might be a carriage and horses；he did not bow。
the only present for which he bowed was that of the flesh of sacrifice。
in bed； he did not lie like a corpse。 at home； he did not put on any formaldeportment。
when he saw any one in a mourning dress； though it might be an acquaintance；he would change countenance； when he saw any one wearing the cap of full dress；or a blind person； though he might be in his undress； he would salute him in aceremonious manner。
to any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his carriage；he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of population。
when he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisionsset before him； he would change countenance and rise up。
on a sudden clap of thunder； or a violent wind； he would change countenance。
when he was about to mount his carriage； he would stand straight； holdingthe cord。
when he was in the carriage； he did not turn his head quite round； he didnot talk hastily； he did not point with his hands。
seeing the countenance； it instantly rises。 it flies round； and by and bysettles。
the master said； 〃there is the hen…pheasant on the hill bridge。 at itsseason！ at its season！〃 tsze…lu made a motion to it。 thrice it smelt him andthen rose。
11
the master said； 〃the men of former times in the matters of ceremonies andmusic were rustics； it is said； while the men of these latter times； inceremonies and music； are acplished gentlemen。
〃if i have occasion to use those things； i follow the men of former times。〃
the master said； 〃of those who were with me in ch'an and ts'ai； there arenone to be found to enter my door。〃
distinguished for their virtuous principles and practice； there were yenyuan； min tsze…ch'ien； zan po…niu； and chung…kung； for their ability in speech；tsai wo and tsze…kung； for their administrative talents； zan yu and chi lu； fortheir literary acquirements； tsze…yu and tsze…hsia。
the master said； 〃hui gives me no assistance。 there is nothing that i say inwhich he does not delight。〃
the master said； 〃filial indeed is min tsze…ch'ien！ other people say nothingof him different from the report of his parents and brothers。〃
nan yung was frequently repeating the lines about a white scepter stonenfucius gave him the daughter of his elder brother to wife。
chi k'ang asked which of the disciples loved to learn。 confucius replied tohim； 〃there was yen hui； he loved to learn。 unfortunately his appointed time wasshort； and he died。 now there is no one who loves to learn； as he did。〃
when yen yuan died； yen lu begged the carriage of the master to sell and getan outer shell for his son's coffin。
the master said； 〃every one calls his son his son； whether he has talents orhas not talents。 there was li； when he died； he had a coffin but no outer shell。i would not walk on foot to get a shell for him； because； having followed in therear of the great officers； it was not proper that i should walk on foot。〃
when yen yuan died； the master said； 〃alas！ heaven is destroying me！ heavenis destroying me！〃
when yen yuan died； the master bewailed him exceedingly； and the discipleswho were with him said； 〃master； your grief is excessive！〃
〃is it excessive？〃 said he。 〃if i am not to mourn bitterly for this man； forwhom should i mourn？〃
when yen yuan died； the disciples wished to give him a great funeral； andthe master said； 〃you may not do so。〃
the disciples did bury him in great style。
the master said； 〃hui behaved towards me as his father。 i have not been ableto treat him as my son。 the fault is not mine； it belongs to you； o disciples。〃
chi lu asked about serving the spirits of the dead。 the master said； 〃whileyou are not able to serve men； how can you serve their spirits？〃 chi lu added；〃i venture to ask about death？〃 he was answered； 〃while you do not know life；how can you know about death？〃
the disciple min was standing by his side； looking bland and precise； tsze…lu； looking bold and soldierly； zan yu and tsze…kung； with a free andstraightforward manner。 the master was pleased。
he said； 〃yu； there！…he will not die a natural death。〃
some parties in lu were going to take down and rebuild the long treasury。
min tsze…ch'ien said； 〃suppose it were to be repaired after its old style；…why must it be altered and made anew？〃
the master said； 〃this man seldom speaks； when he does； he is sure to hitthe point。〃
the master said； 〃what has the lute of yu to do in my door？〃
the other disciples began not to respect tszelu。 the master said； 〃yu hasascended to the hall； though he has not yet passed into the inner apartments。〃
tsze…kung asked which of the two； shih or shang； was the superior。 themaster said； 〃shih goes beyond the due mean； and shang does not e up to it。〃
〃then；〃 said tsze…kung； 〃the superiority is with shih； i suppose。〃
the master said； 〃to go beyond is as wrong as to fall short。〃
the head of the chi family was richer than the duke of chau had been； andyet ch'iu collected his imposts for him； and increased his wealth。
the master said； 〃he is no disciple of mine。 my little children； beat thedrum and assail him。〃
ch'ai is simple。 shan is dull。 shih is specious。 yu is coarse。
the master said； 〃there is hui！ he has nearly attained to perfect virtue。 heis often in want。
〃ts'ze does not acquiesce in the appointments of heaven； and his goods areincreased by him。 yet his judgments are often correct。〃
tsze…chang asked what were the characteristics of the good man。 the mastersaid； 〃he does not tread in the footsteps of others； but moreover； he does notenter the chamber of the sage。〃
the master said； 〃if； because a man's discourse appears solid and sincere；we allow him to be a good man； is he really a superior man？ or is his gravityonly in appearance？〃
tsze…lu asked whether he should immediately carry into practice what heheard。 the master said； 〃there are your father and eld