¡¶the prince(Íõ×Ó)¡·

ÏÂÔØ±¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

the prince(Íõ×Ó)- µÚ7²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡

then¡¡to¡¡take¡¡the¡¡country¡¡from¡¡him¡£¡¡After¡¡which¡¡victory£»¡¡Darius¡¡being¡¡killed£»¡¡

the¡¡state¡¡remained¡¡secure¡¡to¡¡Alexander£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡above¡¡reasons¡£¡¡And¡¡if¡¡his¡¡

successors¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡united¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡enjoyed¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡securely¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡

their¡¡ease£»¡¡for¡¡there¡¡were¡¡no¡¡tumults¡¡raised¡¡in¡¡the¡¡kingdom¡¡except¡¡those¡¡

they¡¡provoked¡¡themselves¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡it¡¡is¡¡impossible¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡with¡¡such¡¡tranquillity¡¡states¡¡constituted¡¡like¡¡

that¡¡of¡¡France¡£¡¡Hence¡¡arose¡¡those¡¡frequent¡¡rebellions¡¡against¡¡the¡¡Romans¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡26¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡27¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡



in¡¡Spain£»¡¡France£»¡¡and¡¡Greece£»¡¡owing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡many¡¡principalities¡¡there¡¡were¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡states£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡which£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡memory¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡endured£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Romans¡¡always¡¡held¡¡an¡¡insecure¡¡possession£»¡¡but¡¡with¡¡the¡¡power¡¡and¡¡long¡¡

continuance¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡empire¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡memory¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡passed¡¡¡¡¡¡away£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Romans¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡became¡¡¡¡¡¡secure¡¡¡¡¡¡possessors¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡fighting¡¡¡¡¡¡afterwards¡¡

amongst¡¡themselves£»¡¡each¡¡one¡¡was¡¡able¡¡to¡¡attach¡¡to¡¡himself¡¡his¡¡own¡¡parts¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡country£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡authority¡¡he¡¡had¡¡assumed¡¡there£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡

family¡¡of¡¡the¡¡former¡¡lord¡¡being¡¡exterminated£»¡¡none¡¡other¡¡than¡¡the¡¡Romans¡¡

were¡¡acknowledged¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡these¡¡things¡¡are¡¡remembered¡¡no¡¡one¡¡will¡¡marvel¡¡at¡¡the¡¡ease¡¡with¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡Alexander¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Empire¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Asia£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡difficulties¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡

others¡¡have¡¡had¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡an¡¡acquisition£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡Pyrrhus¡¡and¡¡many¡¡more£»¡¡

this¡¡is¡¡not¡¡occasioned¡¡by¡¡the¡¡little¡¡or¡¡abundance¡¡of¡¡ability¡¡in¡¡the¡¡conqueror£»¡¡

but¡¡by¡¡the¡¡want¡¡of¡¡uniformity¡¡in¡¡the¡¡subject¡¡state¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡27¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡28¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CHAPTER¡¡V¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CONCERNING¡¡THE¡¡WAY¡¡TO¡¡GOVERN¡¡CITIES¡¡OR¡¡

¡¡¡¡PRINCIPALITIES¡¡WHICH¡¡LIVED¡¡UNDER¡¡THEIR¡¡OWN¡¡LAWS¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡BEFORE¡¡THEY¡¡WERE¡¡ANNEXED¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whenever¡¡those¡¡states¡¡which¡¡have¡¡been¡¡acquired¡¡as¡¡stated¡¡have¡¡been¡¡

accustomed¡¡to¡¡live¡¡under¡¡their¡¡own¡¡laws¡¡and¡¡in¡¡freedom£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡three¡¡

courses¡¡for¡¡those¡¡who¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡them£º¡¡the¡¡first¡¡is¡¡to¡¡ruin¡¡them£»¡¡the¡¡next¡¡

is¡¡to¡¡reside¡¡there¡¡in¡¡person£»¡¡the¡¡third¡¡is¡¡to¡¡permit¡¡them¡¡to¡¡live¡¡under¡¡their¡¡

own¡¡laws£»¡¡drawing¡¡a¡¡tribute£»¡¡and¡¡establishing¡¡within¡¡it¡¡an¡¡oligarchy¡¡which¡¡

will¡¡keep¡¡it¡¡friendly¡¡to¡¡you¡£¡¡Because¡¡such¡¡a¡¡government£»¡¡being¡¡created¡¡by¡¡

the¡¡prince£»¡¡knows¡¡that¡¡it¡¡cannot¡¡stand¡¡without¡¡his¡¡friendship¡¡and¡¡interest£»¡¡

and¡¡does¡¡it¡¡utmost¡¡to¡¡support¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡he¡¡who¡¡would¡¡keep¡¡a¡¡city¡¡

accustomed¡¡to¡¡freedom¡¡will¡¡hold¡¡it¡¡more¡¡easily¡¡by¡¡the¡¡means¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡¡

citizens¡¡than¡¡in¡¡any¡¡other¡¡way¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡are£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡example£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Spartans¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Romans¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡Spartans¡¡

held¡¡Athens¡¡and¡¡Thebes£»¡¡establishing¡¡there¡¡an¡¡oligarchy£»¡¡nevertheless¡¡they¡¡

lost¡¡them¡£¡¡The¡¡Romans£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡Capua£»¡¡Carthage£»¡¡and¡¡Numantia£»¡¡

dismantled¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡did¡¡not¡¡lose¡¡them¡£¡¡They¡¡wished¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡Greece¡¡as¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡Spartans¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡permitting¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡laws£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡

succeed¡£¡¡So¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡it¡¡they¡¡were¡¡compelled¡¡to¡¡dismantle¡¡many¡¡cities¡¡in¡¡the¡¡

country£»¡¡for¡¡in¡¡truth¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡safe¡¡way¡¡to¡¡retain¡¡them¡¡otherwise¡¡than¡¡by¡¡

ruining¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡becomes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡master¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡city¡¡¡¡accustomed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

freedom¡¡and¡¡does¡¡not¡¡destroy¡¡it£»¡¡may¡¡expect¡¡to¡¡be¡¡destroyed¡¡by¡¡it£»¡¡for¡¡in¡¡

rebellion¡¡it¡¡has¡¡always¡¡the¡¡watchword¡¡of¡¡liberty¡¡and¡¡its¡¡ancient¡¡privileges¡¡

as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡rallying¡¡¡¡¡¡point£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡neither¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡¡¡¡¡benefits¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡ever¡¡¡¡¡¡cause¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

forget¡£¡¡And¡¡whatever¡¡you¡¡may¡¡do¡¡or¡¡provide¡¡against£»¡¡they¡¡never¡¡forget¡¡that¡¡

name¡¡or¡¡their¡¡privileges¡¡unless¡¡they¡¡are¡¡disunited¡¡or¡¡dispersed£»¡¡but¡¡at¡¡every¡¡

chance¡¡they¡¡immediately¡¡rally¡¡to¡¡them£»¡¡as¡¡Pisa¡¡after¡¡the¡¡hundred¡¡years¡¡she¡¡

had¡¡been¡¡held¡¡in¡¡bondage¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡when¡¡cities¡¡or¡¡countries¡¡are¡¡accustomed¡¡to¡¡live¡¡under¡¡a¡¡prince£»¡¡and¡¡

his¡¡¡¡¡¡family¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡exterminated£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they£»¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡hand¡¡¡¡¡¡accustomed¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

obey¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡hand¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡prince£»¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡agree¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

making¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡amongst¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡28¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡29¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡



govern¡¡themselves¡£¡¡For¡¡this¡¡reason¡¡they¡¡are¡¡very¡¡slow¡¡to¡¡take¡¡up¡¡arms£»¡¡and¡¡

a¡¡prince¡¡can¡¡gain¡¡them¡¡to¡¡himself¡¡and¡¡secure¡¡them¡¡much¡¡more¡¡easily¡£¡¡But¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡republics¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡vitality£»¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡¡¡¡¡hatred£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡desire¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

vengeance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡permit¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡allow¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡memory¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

former¡¡liberty¡¡to¡¡rest£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡the¡¡safest¡¡way¡¡is¡¡to¡¡destroy¡¡them¡¡or¡¡to¡¡reside¡¡

there¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡29¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡30¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CHAPTER¡¡VI¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CONCERNING¡¡NEW¡¡PRINCIPALITIES¡¡WHICH¡¡ARE¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ACQUIRED¡¡BY¡¡ONE'S¡¡OWN¡¡ARMS¡¡AND¡¡ABILITY¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡no¡¡one¡¡be¡¡surprised¡¡if£»¡¡in¡¡speaking¡¡of¡¡entirely¡¡new¡¡principalities¡¡as¡¡

I¡¡¡¡¡¡shall¡¡¡¡¡¡do£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡adduce¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡highest¡¡¡¡¡¡examples¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡prince¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡state£»¡¡

because¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡men£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡walking¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡almost¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡paths¡¡¡¡¡¡beaten¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡others£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

following¡¡by¡¡imitation¡¡their¡¡deeds£»¡¡are¡¡yet¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡entirely¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

ways¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡others¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡attain¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡they¡¡¡¡imitate¡£¡¡A¡¡¡¡wise¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡

ought¡¡always¡¡to¡¡follow¡¡the¡¡paths¡¡beaten¡¡by¡¡great¡¡men£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡imitate¡¡those¡¡

who¡¡have¡¡been¡¡supreme£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡if¡¡his¡¡ability¡¡does¡¡not¡¡equal¡¡theirs£»¡¡at¡¡least¡¡

it¡¡will¡¡savour¡¡of¡¡it¡£¡¡Let¡¡him¡¡act¡¡like¡¡the¡¡clever¡¡archers¡¡who£»¡¡designing¡¡to¡¡hit¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡mark¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡appears¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡distant£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡knowing¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡limits¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡strength¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡bow¡¡¡¡¡¡attains£»¡¡¡¡¡¡take¡¡¡¡¡¡aim¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡higher¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

mark£»¡¡not¡¡to¡¡reach¡¡by¡¡their¡¡strength¡¡or¡¡arrow¡¡to¡¡so¡¡great¡¡a¡¡height£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡be¡¡

able¡¡with¡¡the¡¡aid¡¡of¡¡so¡¡high¡¡an¡¡aim¡¡to¡¡hit¡¡the¡¡mark¡¡they¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡reach¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡say£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡that¡¡in¡¡entirely¡¡new¡¡principalities£»¡¡where¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡new¡¡

prince£»¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡difficulty¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡keeping¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡accordingly¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡

there¡¡is¡¡more¡¡or¡¡less¡¡ability¡¡in¡¡him¡¡who¡¡has¡¡acquired¡¡the¡¡state¡£¡¡Now£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡

fact¡¡of¡¡becoming¡¡a¡¡prince¡¡from¡¡a¡¡private¡¡station¡¡presupposes¡¡either¡¡ability¡¡

or¡¡fortune£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡clear¡¡that¡¡one¡¡or¡¡other¡¡of¡¡these¡¡things¡¡will¡¡mitigate¡¡in¡¡some¡¡

degree¡¡many¡¡difficulties¡£¡¡Nevertheless£»¡¡he¡¡who¡¡has¡¡relied¡¡least¡¡on¡¡fortune¡¡

is¡¡established¡¡the¡¡strongest¡£¡¡Further£»¡¡it¡¡facilitates¡¡matters¡¡when¡¡the¡¡prince£»¡¡

having¡¡no¡¡other¡¡state£»¡¡is¡¡compelled¡¡to¡¡reside¡¡there¡¡in¡¡person¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡to¡¡come¡¡to¡¡those¡¡who£»¡¡by¡¡their¡¡own¡¡ability¡¡and¡¡not¡¡through¡¡fortune£»¡¡

have¡¡risen¡¡to¡¡be¡¡princes£»¡¡I¡¡say¡¡that¡¡Moses£»¡¡Cyrus£»¡¡Romulus£»¡¡Theseus£»¡¡and¡¡

such¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡excellent¡¡¡¡¡¡examples¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡although¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡

discuss¡¡Moses£»¡¡he¡¡having¡¡been¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡executor¡¡of¡¡the¡¡will¡¡of¡¡God£»¡¡yet¡¡he¡¡

ought¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡admired£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡favour¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡worthy¡¡¡¡to¡¡

speak¡¡with¡¡God¡£¡¡But¡¡in¡¡considering¡¡Cyrus¡¡and¡¡others¡¡who¡¡have¡¡acquired¡¡

or¡¡founded¡¡kingdoms£»¡¡all¡¡will¡¡be¡¡found¡¡admirable£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡their¡¡particular¡¡

deeds¡¡and¡¡conduct¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡considered£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡not¡¡be¡¡found¡¡inferior¡¡to¡¡

those¡¡of¡¡Moses£»¡¡although¡¡he¡¡had¡¡so¡¡great¡¡a¡¡preceptor¡£¡¡And¡¡in¡¡examining¡¡

their¡¡actions¡¡and¡¡lives¡¡one¡¡cannot¡¡see¡¡that¡¡they¡¡owed¡¡anything¡¡to¡¡fortune¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡30¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡31¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡



beyond¡¡¡¡¡¡opportunity£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡material¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡mould¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

form¡¡which¡¡seemed¡¡best¡¡to¡¡them¡£¡¡Without¡¡that¡¡opportunity¡¡their¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡

mind¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡extinguished£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡powers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

opportunity¡¡would¡¡have¡¡come¡¡in¡¡vain¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡necessary£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡to¡¡Moses¡¡that¡¡he¡¡should¡¡find¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡

Israel¡¡in¡¡Egypt¡¡enslaved¡¡and¡¡oppressed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Egyptians£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡that¡¡they¡¡

should¡¡be¡¡disposed¡¡to¡¡follow¡¡him¡¡so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡be¡¡delivered¡¡out¡¡of¡¡bondage¡£¡¡It¡¡

was¡¡necessary¡¡that¡¡Romulus¡¡should¡¡not¡¡remain¡¡in¡¡Alba£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡he¡¡should¡¡

be¡¡abandoned¡¡at¡¡his¡¡birth£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡that¡¡he¡¡should¡¡become¡¡King¡¡of¡¡Rome¡¡

and¡¡founder¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fatherland¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡necessary¡¡that¡¡Cyrus¡¡should¡¡find¡¡the¡¡

Persians¡¡discontented¡¡with¡¡the¡¡government¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Medes£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Medes¡¡

soft¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡effeminate¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡peace¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Theseus¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡

shown¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡ability¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Athenians¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dispersed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡

opportunities£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡made¡¡those¡¡men¡¡fortunate£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡high¡¡ability¡¡

enabled¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡recognize¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡opportunity¡¡¡¡¡¡whereby¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡

ennobled¡¡and¡¡made¡¡famous¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Those¡¡who¡¡by¡¡valorous¡¡ways¡¡become¡¡princes£»¡¡like¡¡these¡¡men£»¡¡acquire¡¡

a¡¡¡¡principality¡¡¡¡with¡¡difficulty£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡keep¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡ease¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡difficulties¡¡

they¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡acquiring¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡rise¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡rules¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡methods¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡forced¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡introduce¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡establish¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡government¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡

security¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡ought¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡remembered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

difficult¡¡to¡¡take¡¡in¡¡hand£»¡¡more¡¡perilous¡¡to¡¡conduct£»¡¡or¡¡more¡¡uncertain¡¡in¡¡its¡¡

success£»¡¡then¡¡to¡¡take¡¡the¡¡lead¡¡in¡¡the¡¡introduction¡¡of¡¡a¡¡new¡¡order¡¡of¡¡things¡£¡¡

Because¡¡the¡¡innovator¡¡has¡¡for¡¡enemies¡¡all¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡done¡¡well¡¡under¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡conditions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡lukewarm¡¡¡¡¡¡defenders¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡

under¡¡the¡¡new¡£¡¡This¡¡coolness¡¡arises¡¡partly¡¡from¡¡fear¡¡of¡¡the¡¡opponents£»¡¡who¡¡

have¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡on¡¡their¡¡side£»¡¡and¡¡partly¡¡from¡¡the¡¡incredulity¡¡of¡¡men£»¡¡who¡¡do¡¡

not¡¡readily¡¡believe¡¡in¡¡new¡¡things¡¡until¡¡they¡¡have¡¡had¡¡a¡¡long¡¡experience¡¡of¡¡

them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡happens¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡whenever¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡hostile¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

opportunity¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡at
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü