But us it nothing hurts to do without
The purple vestment； broidered with gold
And with imposing figures； if we still
Make shift with some mean garment of the Plebs。
So man in vain futilities toils on
Forever and wastes in idle cares his years…
Because； of very truth； he hath not learnt
What the true end of getting is； nor yet
At all how far true pleasure may increase。
And 'tis desire for better and for more
Hath carried by degrees mortality
Out onward to the deep； and roused up
From the far bottom mighty waves of war。
But sun and moon； those watchmen of the world；
With their own lanterns traversing around
The mighty； the revolving vault； have taught
Unto mankind that seasons of the years
Return again； and that the Thing takes place
After a fixed plan and order fixed。
Already would they pass their life； hedged round
By the strong towers； and cultivate an earth
All portioned out and boundaried； already
Would the sea flower and sail…winged ships；
Already men had； under treaty pacts；
Confederates and allies； when poets began
To hand heroic actions down in verse；
Nor long ere this had letters been devised…
Hence is our age unable to look back
On what has gone before； except where reason
Shows us a footprint。
Sailings on the seas；
Tillings of fields； walls； laws； and arms； and roads；
Dress and the like； all prizes； all delights
Of finer life； poems； pictures； chiselled shapes
Of polished sculptures… all these arts were learned
By practice and the mind's experience；
As men walked forward step by eager step。
Thus time draws forward each and everything
Little by little into the midst of men；
And reason uplifts it to the shores of light。
For one thing after other did men see
Grow clear by intellect； till with their arts
They've now achieved the supreme pinnacle。
BOOK VI
PROEM
'Twas Athens first； the glorious in name；
That whilom gave to hapless sons of men
The sheaves of harvest； and re…ordered life；
And decreed laws； and she the first that gave
Life its sweet solaces； when she begat
A man of heart so wise； who whilom poured
All wisdom forth from his truth…speaking mouth；
The glory of whom； though dead； is yet to…day；
Because of those discoveries divine
Renowned of old； exalted to the sky。
For when saw he that well…nigh everything
Which needs of man most urgently require
Was ready to hand for mortals； and that life；
As far as might be； was established safe；
That men were lords in riches； honour； praise；
And eminent in goodly fame of sons；
And that they yet； O yet； within the home；
Still had the anxious heart which vexed life
Unpausingly with torments of the mind；
And raved perforce with angry plaints； then he；
Then he； the master； did perceive that 'twas
The vessel itself which worked the bane； and all；
However wholesome； which from here or there
Was gathered into it； was by that bane
Spoilt from within；… in part； because he saw
The vessel so cracked and leaky that nowise
'T could ever be filled to brim； in part because
He marked how it polluted with foul taste
Whate'er it got within itself。 So he；
The master； then by his truth…speaking words；
Purged the breasts of men； and set the bounds
Of lust and terror； and exhibited
The supreme good whither we all endeavour；
And showed the path whereby we might arrive
Thereunto by a little cross…cut straight；
And what of ills in all affairs of mortals
Upsprang and flitted deviously about
（Whether by chance or force）； since nature thus
Had destined； and from out what gates a man
Should sally to each combat。 And he proved
That mostly vainly doth the human race
Roll in its bosom the grim waves of care。
For just as children tremble and fear all
In the viewless dark； so even we at times
Dread in the light so many things that be
No whit more fearsome than what children feign；
Shuddering； will be upon them in the dark。
This terror then； this darkness of the mind；
Not sunrise with its flaring spokes of light；
Nor glittering arrows of morning can disperse；
But only nature's aspect and her law。
Wherefore the more will I go on to weave
In verses this my undertaken task。
And since I've taught thee that the world's great vaults
Are mortal and that sky is fashioned
Of frame e'en born in time； and whatsoe'er
Therein go on and must perforce go on
。 。 。 。 。 。
The most I have unravelled； what remains
Do thou take in； besides； since once for all
To climb into that chariot' renowned
。 。 。 。 。 。
Of winds arise； and they appeased are
So that all things again。。。
。 。 。 。 。 。
Which were； are changed now； with fury stilled；
All other movements through the earth and sky
Which mortals gaze upon （O anxious oft
In quaking thoughts！）； and which abase their minds
With dread of deities and press them crushed
Down to the earth； because their ignorance
Of cosmic causes forces them to yield
All things unto the empery of gods
And to concede the kingly rule to them。
For even those men who have learned full well
That godheads lead a long life free of care；
If yet meanwhile they wonder by what plan
Things can go on （and chiefly yon high things
Observed o'erhead on the ethereal coasts）；
Again are hurried back unto the fears
Of old religion and adopt again
Harsh masters； deemed almighty；… wretched men；
Unwitting what can be and what cannot；
And by what law to each its scope prescribed；
Its boundary stone that clings so deep in Time。
Wherefore the more are they borne wandering on
By blindfold reason。 And； Memmius； unless
From out thy mind thou spuest all of this
And casteth far from thee all thoughts which be
Unworthy gods and alien to their peace；
Then often will the holy majesties
Of the high gods be harmful unto thee；
As by thy thought degraded；… not； indeed；
That essence supreme of gods could be by this
So outraged as in wrath to thirst to seek
Revenges keen； but even because thyself
Thou plaguest with the notion that the gods；
Even they； the Calm Ones in serene repose；
Do roll the mighty waves of wrath on wrath；
Nor wilt thou enter with a serene breast
Shrines of the gods； nor wilt thou able be
In tranquil peace of mind to take and know
Those images which from their holy bodies
Are carried into intellects of men；
As the announcers of their form divine。
What sort of life will follow after this
'Tis thine to see。 But that afar from us
Veriest reason may drive such life away；
Much yet remains to be embellished yet
In polished verses； albeit hath issued forth
So much from me already； lo； there is
The law and aspect of the sky to be
By reason grasped； there are the tempest times
And the bright lightnings to be hymned now…
Even what they do and from what cause soe'er
They're borne along… that thou mayst tremble not；
Marking off regions of prophetic skies
For auguries； O foolishly distraught
Even as to whence the flying flame hath come；
Or to which half of heaven it turns； or how
Through walled places it hath wound its way；
Or； after proving its dominion there；
How it hath speeded forth from thence amain…
Whereof nowise the causes do men know；
And think divinities are working there。
Do thou； Calliope； ingenious Muse；
Solace of mortals and delight of gods；
Point out the course before me； as I race
On to the white line of the utmost goal；
That I may get with signal praise the crown；
With thee my guide！
GREAT METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA； ETC。
And so in first place； then；
With thunder are shaken the blue deeps of heaven；
Because the ethereal clouds； scudding aloft；
Together clash； what time 'gainst one another
The winds are battling。 For never a sound there comes
From out the serene regions of the sky；
But wheresoever in a host more dense
The clouds foregather； thence more often comes
A crash with mighty rumbling。 And； again；
Clouds cannot be of so condensed a frame
As stones and timbers； nor again so fine
As mists and flying smoke； for then perforce
They'd either fall； borne down by their brute weight；
Like stones； or； like the smoke； they'd powerless be
To keep their mass； or to retain within
Frore snows and storms of hail。 And they give forth
O'er skiey levels of the spreading world
A sound on high； as linen…awning； stretched
O'er mighty theatres； gives forth at times
A cracking roar； when much 'tis beaten about
Betwixt the poles and cross…beams。 Sometimes； too；
Asunder rent by wanton gusts； it raves
And imitates the tearing sound of sheets
Of paper… even this kind of noise thou mayst
In thunder hear… or sound as when winds whirl
With lashings and do buffet about in air
A hanging cloth and flying paper…sheets。
For sometimes； too； it chances that the clouds
Cannot together crash head…on； but rather
Move side…wise and with motions contrary
Graze each the other's body without speed；
From whence that dry sound grateth on our ears；
So long drawn…out； until the clouds have passed
From out their close positions。
And； again；
In following wise all things seem oft to quake
At shock of heavy thunder； and mightiest walls
Of the wide reaches of the upper world
There on the instant to have sprung apart；
Riven asunder； what time a gathered blast
Of the fierce hurricane hath all at once
Twisted its way into a mass of clouds；
And； there enclosed； ever more and more
Compelleth by its spinning whirl the cloud
To grow all hollow with a thickened crust
Surrounding； for thereafter； when the force
And the keen onset of the wind have weakened
That crust； lo； then the cloud； to…split in twain；
Gives forth a hideous crash with bang and boom。
No marvel this； since oft a bladder small；
Filled up with air； will； when of sudden burst；
Give forth a like large sound。
There's reason； too；
Why clouds make sounds； as through them blow the winds：
We see； borne down the sky； oft shapes of clouds
Rough…edged or branched many forky ways；
And 'tis the same； as when the sudden flaws
Of north…west wind through the dense forest blow；
Making the leaves to sough and limbs to crash。
It happens too at times that roused force
Of the fierce hurricane to…rends the cloud；
Breaki