； at his wife； and his students who won't attend his lectures。 'Oh；' I thought； 'he has seen me I am done for now； it is all up。 。 。 。' 〃
And so on in the same style。 Or he will begin like this：
〃I was yesterday at our friend Z。 Z's public lecture。 I wonder how it is our alma mater don't speak of it after dark dare display in public such noodles and patent dullards as that Z。 Z Why； he is a European fool！ Upon my word； you could not find another like him all over Europe！ He lectures can you imagine？ as though he were sucking a sugar…stick sue； sue； sue； 。 。 。 he is in a nervous funk； he can hardly decipher his own manuscript； his poor little thoughts crawl along like a bishop on a bicycle； and； what's worse； you can never make out what he is trying to say。 The deadly dulness is awful； the very flies expire。 It can only be compared with the boredom in the assembly…hall at the yearly meeting when the traditional address is read damn it！〃
And at once an abrupt transition：
〃Three years ago Nikolay Stepanovitch here will remember it I had to deliver that address。 It was hot； stifling； my uniform cut me under the arms it was deadly！ I read for half an hour； for an hour； for an hour and a half； for two hours。 。 。 。 'Come；' I thought； 'thank God； there are only ten pages left！' And at the end there were four pages that there was no need to read； and I reckoned to leave them out。 'So there are only six really；' I thought； 'that is； only six pages left to read。' But； only fancy； I chanced to glance before me； and； sitting in the front row； side by side； were a general with a ribbon on his breast and a bishop。 The poor beggars were numb with boredom； they were staring with their eyes wide open to keep awake； and yet they were trying to put on an expression of attention and to pretend that they understood what I was saying and liked it。 'Well；' I thought； 'since you like it you shall have it！ I'll pay you out；' so I just gave them those four pages too。〃
As is usual with ironical people； when he talks nothing in his face smiles but his eyes and eyebrows。 At such times there is no trace of hatred or spite in his eyes； but a great deal of humour； and that peculiar fox…like slyness which is only to be noticed in very observant people。 Since I am speaking about his eyes； I notice another peculiarity in them。 When he takes a glass from Katya； or listens to her speaking； or looks after her as she goes out of the room for a moment； I notice in his eyes something gentle； beseeching； pure。 。 。 。
The maid…servant takes away the samovar and puts on the table a large piece of cheese； some fruit； and a bottle of Crimean champagne a rather poor wine of which Katya had grown fond in the Crimea。 Mihail Fyodorovitch takes two packs of cards off the whatnot and begins to play patience。 According to him； some varieties of patience require great concentration and attention； yet while he lays out the cards he does not leave off distracting his attention with talk。 Katya watches his cards attentively； and more by gesture than by words helps him in his play。 She drinks no more than a couple of wine…glasses of wine the whole evening； I drink four glasses； and the rest of the bottle falls to the share of Mihail Fyodorovitch； who can drink a great deal and never get drunk。
Over our patience we settle various questions； principally of the higher order； and what we care for most of all that is； science and learning is more roughly handled than anything。
〃Science； thank God； has outlived its day；〃 says Mihail Fyodorovitch emphatically。 〃Its song is sung。 Yes； indeed。 Mankind begins to feel impelled to replace it by something different。 It has grown on the soil of superstition； been nourished by superstition； and is now just as much the quintessence of superstition as its defunct granddames； alchemy； metaphysics； and philosophy。 And； after all； what has it given to mankind？ Why； the difference between the learned Europeans and the Chinese who have no science is trifling； purely external。 The Chinese know nothing of science； but what have they lost thereby？〃
〃Flies know nothing of science； either；〃 I observe； 〃but what of that？〃
〃There is no need to be angry； Nikolay Stepanovitch。 I only say this here between ourselves。 。 。 I am more careful than you think； and I am not going to say this in public God forbid！ The superstition exists in the multitude that the arts and sciences are superior to agriculture； commerce； superior to handicrafts。 Our sect is maintained by that superstition； and it is not for you and me to destroy it。 God forbid！〃
After patience the younger generation comes in for a dressing too。
〃Our audiences have degenerated；〃 sighs Mihail Fyodorovitch。 〃Not to speak of ideals and all the rest of it； if only they were capable of work and rational thought！ In fact； it's a case of 'I look with mournful eyes on the young men of today。' 〃
〃Yes； they have degenerated horribly；〃 Katya agrees。 〃Tell me； have you had one man of distinction among them for the last five or ten years？〃
〃I don't know how it is with the other professors； but I can't remember any among mine。〃
〃I have seen in my day many of your students and young scientific men and many actors well； I have never once been so fortunate as to meet I won't say a hero or a man of talent； but even an interesting man。 It's all the same grey mediocrity； puffed up with self…conceit。〃
All this talk of degeneration always affects me as though I had accidentally overheard offensive talk about my own daughter。 It offends me that these charges are wholesale； and rest on such worn…out commonplaces； on such wordy vapourings as degeneration and absence of ideals； or on references to the splendours of the past。 Every accusation； even if it is uttered in ladies' society； ought to be formulated with all possible definiteness； or it is not an accusation； but idle disparagement； unworthy of decent people。
I am an old man； I have been lecturing for thirty years； but I notice neither degeneration nor lack of ideals； and I don't find that the present is worse than the past。 My porter Nikolay； whose experience of this subject has its value； says that the students of today are neither better nor worse than those of the past。
If I were asked what I don't like in my pupils of today； I should answer the question； not straight off and not at length； but with sufficient definiteness。 I know their failings； and so have no need to resort to vague generalities。 I don't like their smoking； using spirituous beverages； marrying late； and often being so irresponsible and careless that they will let one of their number be starving in their midst while they neglect to pay their subscriptions to the Students' Aid Society。 They don't know modern languages； and they don't express themselves correctly in Russian； no longer ago than yesterday my colleague； the professor of hygiene； complained to me that he had to give twice as many lectures； because the students had a very poor knowledge of physics and were utterly ignorant of meteorology。 They are readily carried away by the influence of the last new writers； even when they are not first…rate； but they take absolutely no interest in classics such as Shakespeare； Marcus Aurelius； Epictetus； or Pascal； and this inability to distinguish the great from the small betrays their ignorance of practical life more than anything。 All difficult questions that have more or less a social character （for instance the migration question） they settle by studying monographs on the subject； but not by way of scientific investigation or experiment； though that method is at their disposal and is more in keeping with their calling。 They gladly become ward…surgeons； assistants； demonstrators； external teachers； and are ready to fill such posts until they are forty； though independence； a sense of freedom and personal initiative； are no less necessary in science than； for instance； in art or commerce。 I have pupils and listeners； but no successors and helpers； and so I love them and am touched by them； but am not proud of them。 And so on； and so on。 。 。 。
Such shortcomings； however numerous they may be； can only give rise to a pessimistic or fault…finding temper in a faint…hearted and timid man。 All these failings have a casual； transitory character； and are completely dependent on conditions of life； in some ten years they will have disappeared or given place to other fresh defects； which are all inevitable and will in their turn alarm the faint…hearted。 The students' sins often vex me； but that vexation is nothing in comparison with the joy I have been experiencing now for the last thirty years when I talk to my pupils； lecture to them； watch their relations； and compare them with people not of their circle。
Mihail Fyodorovitch speaks evil of everything。 Katya listens； and neither of them notices into what depths the apparently innocent diversion of finding fault with their neighbours is gradually drawing them。 They are not conscious how by degrees simple talk passes into malicious mockery and jeering； and how they are both beginning to drop into the habits and methods of slander。
〃Killing types one meets with；〃 says Mihail Fyodorovitch。 〃I went yesterday to our friend Yegor Petrovitch's； and there I found a studious gentleman； one of your medicals in his third year； I believe。 Such a face！ 。 。 。 in the Dobrolubov style； the imprint of profound thought on his brow； we got i nto talk。 'Such doings； young man；' said I。 'I've read；' said I； 'that some German I've forgotten his name has created from the human brain a new kind of alkaloid； idiotine。' What do you think？ He believed it； and there was positively an expression of respect on his face； as though to say； 'See what we fellows can do！' And the other day I went to the theatre。 I took my seat。 In the next row directly in front of me were sitting two men： one of 'us fellows' and apparently a law student； the other a shaggy…looking figure； a medical student。 The latter was as drunk as a cobbler。 He did not look at the stage at all。 He was dozing with his nose on his shirt…front。 But as soon as an actor begins loudly reciting a monologue； or simply raises his voice； our friend starts； pokes his neighbour in t