end favourable to the assailants。 Meantime； with a strong wind； the ship still clove the water； the boats alternately falling behind； and pulling up； to discharge fresh volleys。 The fire was mostly directed toward the stern； since there； chiefly； the Negroes； at present； were clustering。 But to kill or maim the Negroes was not the object。 To take them； with the ship； was the object。 To do it； the ship must be boarded； which could not be done by boats while she was sailing so fast。 A thought now struck the mate。 Observing the Spanish boys still aloft； high as they could get； he called to them to descend to the yards； and cut adrift the sails。 It was done。 About this time； owing to causes hereafter to be shown； two Spaniards； in the dress of sailors and conspicuously showing themselves； were killed； not by volleys； but by deliberate marksman's shots； while； as it afterwards appeared； during one of the general discharges； Atufal； the black； and the Spaniard at the helm likewise were killed。 What now； with the loss of the sails； and loss of leaders； the ship became unmanageable to the Negroes。 With creaking masts she came heavily round to the wind； the prow slowly swinging into view of the boats； its skeleton gleaming in the horizontal moonlight； and casting a gigantic ribbed shadow upon the water。 One extended arm of the ghost seemed beckoning the whites to avenge it。 〃Follow your leader！〃 cried the mate； and； one on each bow； the boats boarded。 Sealing…spears and cutlasses crossed hatchets and handspikes。 Huddled upon the long…boat amidships； the Negresses raised a wailing chant； whose chorus was the clash of the steel。 For a time； the attack wavered； the Negroes wedging themselves to beat it back； the half…repelled sailors； as yet unable to gain a footing； fighting as troopers in the saddle； one leg sideways flung over the bulwarks； and one without； plying their cutlasses like carters' whips。 But in vain。 They were almost overborne； when； rallying themselves into a squad as one man； with a huzza； they sprang inboard； where； entangled； they involuntarily separated again。 For a few breaths' space there was a vague； muffled； inner sound as of submerged sword…fish rushing hither and thither through shoals of black…fish。 Soon； in a reunited band； and joined by the Spanish seamen； the whites came to the surface； irresistibly driving the Negroes toward the stern。 But a barricade of casks and sacks； from side to side； had been thrown up by the mainmast。 Here the Negroes faced about； and though scorning peace or truce； yet fain would have had a respite。 But； without pause； overleaping the barrier； the unflagging sailors again closed。 Exhausted； the blacks now fought in despair。 Their red tongues lolled； wolf…like； from their black mouths。 But the pale sailors' teeth were set； not a word was spoken； and； in five minutes more； the ship was won。 Nearly a score of the Negroes were killed。 Exclusive of those by the balls； many were mangled； their wounds… mostly inflicted by the long…edged sealing…spears… resembling those shaven ones of the English at Preston Pans； made by the poled scythes of the Highlanders。 On the other side； none were killed； though several were wounded； some severely； including the mate。 The surviving Negroes were temporarily secured； and the ship； towed back into the harbour at midnight； once more lay anchored。 Omitting the incidents and arrangements ensuing； suffice it that； after two days spent in refitting； the two ships sailed in company for Concepcion in Chili； and thence for Lima in Peru； where； before the vice…regal courts； the whole affair； from the beginning； underwent investigation。 Though； midway on the passage； the ill…fated Spaniard； relaxed from constraint； showed some signs of regaining health with free…will； yet； agreeably to his own foreboding； shortly before arriving at Lima； he relapsed； finally becoming so reduced as to be carried ashore in arms。 Hearing of his story and plight； one of the many religious institutions of the City of Kings opened an hospitable refuge to him； where both physician and priest were his nurses； and a member of the order volunteered to be his one special guardian and consoler； by night and by day。 The following extracts； translated from one of the official Spanish documents； will； it is hoped； shed light on the preceding narrative； as well as； in the first place； reveal the true port of departure and true history of the San Dominick's voyage； down to the time of her touching at the island of Santa Maria。 But； ere the extracts come； it may be well to preface them with a remark。 The document selected； from among many others； for partial translation； contains the deposition of Benito Cereno； the first taken in the case。 Some disclosures therein were； at the time； held dubious for both learned and natural reasons。 The tribunal inclined to the opinion that the deponent； not undisturbed in his mind by recent events； raved of some things which could never have happened。 But subsequent depositions of the surviving sailors； bearing out the revelations of their captain in several of the strangest particulars； gave credence to the rest。 So that the tribunal； in its final decision； rested its capital sentences upon statements which； had they lacked confirmation； it would have deemed it but duty to reject。
I； DON JOSE DE ABOS AND PADILLA； His Majesty's Notary for the Royal Revenue； and Register of this Province； and Notary Public of the Holy Crusade of this Bishopric； etc。 Do certify and declare； as much as is requisite in law； that； in the criminal cause commenced the twenty…fourth of the month of September； in the year seventeen hundred and ninety…nine； against the Senegal Negroes of the ship San Dominick； the following declaration before me was made。
Declaration of the first witness； DON BENITO CERENO。
The same day； and month； and year； His Honour； Doctor Juan Martinez de Dozas； Councillor of the Royal Audience of this Kingdom； and learned in the law of this Intendancy； ordered the captain of the ship San Dominick； Don Benito Cereno； to appear； which he did in his litter； attended by the monk Infelez； of whom he received； before Don Jose de Abos and Padilla； Notary Public of the Holy Crusade； the oath； which he took by God； our Lord； and a sign of the Cross； under which he promised to tell the truth of whatever he should know and should be asked；… and being interrogated agreeably to the tenor of the act commencing the process； he said； that on the twentieth of May last； he set sail with his ship from the port of Valparaiso； bound to that of Callao； loaded with the produce of the country and one hundred and sixty blacks； of both sexes； mostly belonging to Don Alexandro Aranda； gentleman； of the city of Mendoza； that the crew of the ship consisted of thirty…six men； beside the persons who went as passengers； that the Negroes were in part as follows：
＇Here； in the original； follows a list of some fifty names； descriptions； and ages； compiled from certain recovered documents of Aranda's； and also from recollections of the deponent； from which portions only are extracted。＇
…One； from about eighteen to nineteen years； named Jose； and this was the man that waited upon his master； Don Alexandro； and who speaks well the Spanish； having served him four or five years；。。。 a mulatto； named Francesco； the cabin steward； of a good person and voice； having sung in the Valparaiso churches； native of the province of Buenos Ayres； aged about thirty…five years。。。。 A smart Negro； named Dago； who had been for many years a gravedigger among the Spaniards； aged forty…six years。。。。 Four old Negroes； born in Africa； from sixty to seventy； but sound； caulkers by trade； whose names are as follows：… the first was named Muri； and he was killed （as was also his son named Diamelo）； the second； Nacta； the third； Yola； likewise killed； the fourth； Ghofan； and six full…grown Negroes； aged from thirty to forty…five； all raw； and born among the Ashantees… Martinqui； Yan； Lecbe； Mapenda； Yambaio； Akim； four of whom were killed；。。。 a powerful Negro named Atufal； who； being supposed to have been a chief in Africa； his owners set great store by him。。。。 And a small Negro of Senegal； but some years among the Spaniards； aged about thirty； which Negro's name was Babo；。。。 that he does not remember the names of the others； but that still expecting the residue of Don Alexandro's papers will be found； will then take due account of them all； and remit to the court；。。。 and thirty…nine women and children of all ages。
＇After the catalogue； the deposition goes on as follows：＇
。。。That all the Negroes slept upon deck； as is customary in this navigation； and none wore fetters； because the owner； his friend Aranda； told him that they were all tractable；。。。 that on the seventh day after leaving port； at three o'clock in the morning； all the Spaniards being asleep except the two officers on the watch； who were the boatswain； Juan Robles； and the carpenter； Juan Bautista Gayete； and the helmsman and his boy； the Negroes revolted suddenly； wounded dangerously the boatswain and the carpenter； and successively killed eighteen men of those who were sleeping upon deck； some with handspikes and hatchets； and others by throwing them alive overboard； after tying them； that of the Spaniards upon deck； they left about seven； as he thinks； alive and tied； to manoeuvre the ship； and three or four more who hid themselves remained also alive。 Although in the act of revolt the Negroes made themselves masters of the hatchway； six or seven wounded went through it to the cockpit； without any hindrance on their part； that in the act of revolt； the mate and another person； whose name he does not recollect； attempted to come up through the hatchway； but having been wounded at the onset； they were obliged to return to the cabin； that the deponent resolved at break of day to come up the companionway； where the Negro Babo was； being the ringleader； and Atufal； who assisted him； and having spoken to them； exhorted them to cease committing such atrocities； asking them； at the same time； what they wanted and intended to do； offering； himself； to obey their commands； that； notwithstanding th