erewhon- 第26部分

Ydgrun　certainly　occupied　a　very　anomalous　position；　she　was　held
to　be　both　omnipresent　and　omnipotent；　but　she　was　not　an　elevated
conception；　and　was　sometimes　both　cruel　and　absurd。　　Even　her　most
devoted　worshippers　were　a　little　ashamed　of　her；　and　served　her
more　with　heart　and　in　deed　than　with　their　tongues。　　Theirs　was　no
lip　service；　on　the　contrary；　even　when　worshipping　her　most
devoutly；　they　would　often　deny　her。　　Take　her　all　in　all；　however；
she　was　a　beneficent　and　useful　deity；　who　did　not　care　how　much
she　was　denied　so　long　as　she　was　obeyed　and　feared；　and　who　kept
hundreds　of　thousands　in　those　paths　which　make　life　tolerably
happy；　who　would　never　have　been　kept　there　otherwise；　and　over
whom　a　higher　and　more　spiritual　ideal　would　have　had　no　power。

I　greatly　doubt　whether　the　Erewhonians　are　yet　prepared　for　any
better　religion；　and　though　（considering　my　gradually　strengthened
conviction　that　they　were　the　representatives　of　the　lost　tribes　of
Israel）　I　would　have　set　about　converting　them　at　all　hazards　had　I
seen　the　remotest　prospect　of　success；　I　could　hardly　contemplate
the　displacement　of　Ydgrun　as　the　great　central　object　of　their
regard　without　admitting　that　it　would　be　attended　with　frightful
consequences；　in　fact　were　I　a　mere　philosopher；　I　should　say　that
the　gradual　raising　of　the　popular　conception　of　Ydgrun　would　be
the　greatest　spiritual　boon　which　could　be　conferred　upon　them；　and
that　nothing　could　effect　this　except　example。　　I　generally　found
that　those　who　complained　most　loudly　that　Ydgrun　was　not　high
enough　for　them　had　hardly　as　yet　come　up　to　the　Ydgrun　standard；
and　I　often　met　with　a　class　of　men　whom　I　called　to　myself　〃high
Ydgrunites〃　（the　rest　being　Ydgrunites；　and　low　Ydgrunites）；　who；
in　the　matter　of　human　conduct　and　the　affairs　of　life；　appeared　to
me　to　have　got　about　as　far　as　it　is　in　the　right　nature　of　man　to
go。

They　were　gentlemen　in　the　full　sense　of　the　word；　and　what　has　one
not　said　in　saying　this？　　They　seldom　spoke　of　Ydgrun；　or　even
alluded　to　her；　but　would　never　run　counter　to　her　dictates　without
ample　reason　for　doing　so：　　in　such　cases　they　would　override　her
with　due　self…reliance；　and　the　goddess　seldom　punished　them；　for
they　are　brave；　and　Ydgrun　is　not。　　They　had　most　of　them　a
smattering　of　the　hypothetical　language；　and　some　few　more　than
this；　but　only　a　few。　　I　do　not　think　that　this　language　has　had
much　hand　in　making　them　what　they　are；　but　rather　that　the　fact　of
their　being　generally　possessed　of　its　rudiments　was　one　great
reason　for　the　reverence　paid　to　the　hypothetical　language　itself。

Being　inured　from　youth　to　exercises　and　athletics　of　all　sorts；
and　living　fearlessly　under　the　eye　of　their　peers；　among　whom
there　exists　a　high　standard　of　courage；　generosity；　honour；　and
every　good　and　manly　qualitywhat　wonder　that　they　should　have
become；　so　to　speak；　a　law　unto　themselves；　and；　while　taking　an
elevated　view　of　the　goddess　Ydgrun；　they　should　have　gradually
lost　all　faith　in　the　recognised　deities　of　the　country？　　These
they　do　not　openly　disregard；　for　conformity　until　absolutely
intolerable　is　a　law　of　Ydgrun；　yet　they　have　no　real　belief　in　the
objective　existence　of　beings　which　so　readily　explain　themselves
as　abstractions；　and　whose　personality　demands　a　quasi…materialism
which　it　baffles　the　imagination　to　realise。　　They　keep　their
opinions；　however；　greatly　to　themselves；　inasmuch　as　most　of　their
countrymen　feel　strongly　about　the　gods；　and　they　hold　it　wrong　to
give　pain；　unless　for　some　greater　good　than　seems　likely　to　arise
from　their　plain　speaking。

On　the　other　hand；　surely　those　whose　own　minds　are　clear　about　any
given　matter　（even　though　it　be　only　that　there　is　little
certainty）　should　go　so　far　towards　imparting　that　clearness　to
others；　as　to　say　openly　what　they　think　and　why　they　think　it；
whenever　they　can　properly　do　so；　for　they　may　be　sure　that　they
owe　their　own　clearness　almost　entirely　to　the　fact　that　others
have　done　this　by　them：　　after　all；　they　may　be　mistaken；　and　if
so；　it　is　for　their　own　and　the　general　well…being　that　they　should
let　their　error　be　seen　as　distinctly　as　possible；　so　that　it　may
be　more　easily　refuted。　　I　own；　therefore；　that　on　this　one　point　I
disapproved　of　the　practice　even　of　the　highest　Ydgrunites；　and
objected　to　it　all　the　more　because　I　knew　that　I　should　find　my
own　future　task　more　easy　if　the　high　Ydgrunites　had　already
undermined　the　belief　which　is　supposed　to　prevail　at　present。

In　other　respects　they　were　more　like　the　best　class　of　Englishmen
than　any　whom　I　have　seen　in　other　countries。　　I　should　have　liked
to　have　persuaded　half…a…dozen　of　them　to　come　over　to　England　and
go　upon　the　stage；　for　they　had　most　of　them　a　keen　sense　of　humour
and　a　taste　for　acting：　　they　would　be　of　great　use　to　us。　　The
example　of　a　real　gentleman　is；　if　I　may　say　so　without　profanity；
the　best　of　all　gospels；　such　a　man　upon　the　stage　becomes　a　potent
humanising　influence；　an　Ideal　which　all　may　look　upon　for　a
shilling。

I　always　liked　and　admired　these　men；　and　although　I　could　not　help
deeply　regretting　their　certain　ultimate　perdition　（for　they　had　no
sense　of　a　hereafter；　and　their　only　religion　was　that　of　self…
respect　and　consideration　for　other　people）；　I　never　dared　to　take
so　great　a　liberty　with　them　as　to　attempt　to　put　them　in
possession　of　my　own　religious　convictions；　in　spite　of　my　knowing
that　they　were　the　only　ones　which　could　make　them　really　good　and
happy；　either　here　or　hereafter。　　I　did　try　sometimes；　being
impelled　to　do　so　by　a　strong　sense　of　duty；　and　by　my　deep　regret
that　so　much　that　was　admirable　should　be　doomed　to　ages　if　not
eternity　of　torture；　but　the　words　stuck　in　my　throat　as　soon　as　I
began。

Whether　a　professional　missionary　might　have　a　better　chance　I　know
not；　such　persons　must　doubtless　know　more　about　the　science　of
conversion：　　for　myself；　I　could　only　be　thankful　that　I　was　in　the
right　path；　and　was　obliged　to　let　others　take　their　chance　as　yet。
If　the　plan　fails　by　which　I　propose　to　convert　them　myself；　I
would　gladly　contribute　my　mite　towards　the　sending　two　or　three
trained　missionaries；　who　have　been　known　as　successful　converters
of　Jews　and　Mahometans；　but　such　have　seldom　much　to　glory　in　the
flesh；　and　when　I　think　of　the　high　Ydgrunites；　and　of　the　figure
which　a　missionary　would　probably　cut　among　them；　I　cannot　feel
sanguine　that　much　good　would　be　arrived　at。　　Still　the　attempt　is
worth　making；　and　the　worst　danger　to　the　missionaries　themselves
would　be　that　of　being　sent　to　the　hospital　where　Chowbok　would
have　been　sent　had　he　come　with　me　into　Erewhon。

Taking　then　their　religious　opinions　as　a　whole；　I　must　own　that
the　Erewhonians　are　superstitious；　on　account　of　the　views　which
they　hold　of　their　professed　gods；　and　their　entirely　anomalous　and
inexplicable　worship　of　Ydgrun；　a　worship　at　once　the　most
powerful；　yet　most　devoid　of　formalism；　that　I　ever　met　with；　but
in　practice　things　worked　better　than　might　have　been　expected；　and
the　conflicting　claims　of　Ydgrun　and　the　gods　were　arranged　by
unwritten　compromises　（for　the　most　part　in　Ydgrun's　favour）；　which
in　ninety…nine　cases　out　of　a　hundred　were　very　well　understood。

I　could　not　conceive　why　they　should　not　openly　acknowledge　high
Ydgrunism；　and　discard　the　objective　personality　of　hope；　justice；
&c。；　but　whenever　I　so　much　as　hinted　at　this；　I　found　that　I　was
on　dangerous　ground。　　They　would　never　have　it；　returning
constantly　to　the　assertion　that　ages　ago　the　divinities　were
frequently　seen；　and　that　the　moment　their　personality　was
disbelieved　in；　men　would　leave　off　practising　even　those　ordinary
virtues　which　the　common　experience　of　mankind　has　agreed　on　as
being　the　greatest　secret　of　happiness。　　〃Who　ever　heard；〃　they
asked；　indignantly；　〃of　such　things　as　kindly　training；　a　good
example；　and　an　enlightened　regard　to　one's　own　welfare；　being　able
to　keep　men　straight？〃　　In　my　hurry；　forgetting　things　which　I
ought　to　have　remembered；　I　answered　that　if　a　person　could　not　be
kept　straight　by　these　things；　there　was　nothing　that　could
straighten　him；　and　that　if　he　were　not　ruled　by　the　love　and　fear
of　men　whom　he　had　seen；　neither　would　he　be　so　by　that　of　the　gods
whom　he　had　not　seen。

At　one　time　indeed　I　came　upon　a　small　but　growing　sect　who
believed；　after　a　fashion；　in　the　immortality　of　the　soul　and　the
resurrection　from　the　dead；　they　taught　that　those　who　had　been
born　with　feeble　and　diseased　bodies　and　had　passed　their　lives　in
ailing；　would　be　tortured　eternally　hereafter；　but　that　those　who
had　been　born　strong　and　healthy　and　handsome　would　be　rewarded　for
ever　and　ever。　　Of　moral　qualities　or　conduct　they　made　no　mention。

Bad　as　this　was；　it　was　a　step　in　advance；　inasmuch　as　they　did
hold　out　a　future　state　of　some　sort；　and　I　was　shocked　to　find
that　for　the　most　part　they　met　with　opposition；　on　the　score　that
their　doctrine　was　based　upon　no　sort　of　foundation；　also　that　it
was　immoral　in　its　tendency；　and　not　to　be　desired　by　any
reasonable　beings。

When　I　asked　how　it　could　be　immoral；　I　was　answered；　that　if
firmly　held；　it　would　lead　people　to　cheapen　this　present　life；
making　it　appear　to　be　an　affair　of　only　secondary　importance；　that
it　would　thus　distract　men's　minds　from　the　perfecting　of　this
world's　economy；　and　was　an　impatient　cutting；　so　to　speak；　of　the
Gordian　knot　of　life's　problems；　whereby　some　people　might　gain
present　satisfaction　to　themselves　at　the　cost　of　infinite　damage
to　others；　that　the　doctrine　tended　to　encourage　the　poor　in　their
improvidence；　and　in　a　debasing　acquiescence　in　ills　which　they
might　well　remedy；　that　the　rewards　were　illusory　and　the　result；
after　all；　of　luck；　whose　empire　should　be　bounded　by　the　grave；
that　its　terrors　were　enervating　and　unjust；　and　that　even　the　most
blessed　rising　would　be　but　the　disturbing　of　a　still　more　blessed
slumber。

To　all　which　I　could　only　say　that　the　thing　had　been　actually
known　to　happen；　and　that　there　were　several　well…authenticated
instances　of　people　hav